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Chapter Five

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5 views

Chapter Five

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abdullah200414m
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Trans mat the Om) = Recerver (Red —-- (Sas p94 Sl Glaglaall Jai Ye ALLAH al pllas LEI p CULV daglate Go Gugll 1 Signal Power -1 Signal Bandwidth -2 System Cost -3 Baseband Signal -1 Band-pass Signal -2 cf) ne) ; medeliion ; =O 6 f Lh, RF Baseband © Bandpass Gtwlogall paris [Sl gdb a9 gall all Clegall $6 8h UB oa oh eS hall oo ts8 Se WS Olaghaall lege ive [geli5y! WS) age ls AULT leap 2 Antenna height ~ 0.12, where A= = | shall Ug 83Sjare Baseband E55 Ge Amit) Glglaall 4 a. : Aegall de SU be JWhy toly L995 OY gulag’ 91 cule dase dege p Abell de gall og ol Jae |) " Uaby JH lag yl Lal legheal! des 09, drolel pp ,SUl deze ld! 8 Linear Modulation (AM, DSB, SSB, VSB) aw 2egalb poll agtheed Yo Class Blas I3I 9 Angles Modulation (PM, FM) os jxill Le Wileglae Culaod JLus!! 151,10 No wan 2 =A,cos (2nf.t +) X(t) = A(t)cos [2mf.t + $(¢)] Itis often called (Amplitude Modulation). It is defined by setting 6(£) = 0. Xx-(t) = A(t)cos (2f-t) 1- Normal Amplitude Modulation (AM) or (DSB — LC) : * both sides of the signal spectrum are transmitted. © alarge carrier value is transmitted with the signal. a) AM Generation mele = M(t) Cs(amht) + AGS nt) —@ [A+ te] cwamkt) —@O OR Helt = The genoration of <4-@ amd! @ are shown below: menos st) Taemtt)] gn 2 mld). Coscumet) Ae ® Clepleall 56] Go 8S Sl pS SLe]o955 - b) Frequency spectrum of AM : By taking Fourier transform for the modulated signal: x¢(f) = F -Tlm(t)cos (2mf,t)] + F - T[AC cos(2nf,t)] 1 Ac x)= [Me 560-400 + 1)] + EGr- 1 +56 + 10) 1 1 Ac Ac xe(f) = [MG — f+ 5M + fo] + For - 4+ Far + 10 =[e" Se ance) ae MA og E> / a IVI ©) Modulation Index (1): where j1 is the modulation index. ere pettdeensd Ml tesmrh d) Single-Tone AM Modulation: Here the message signal is pure sinusoid, and given by: e) Power Content in AM: where P,, is the Power of Message m,,(t) Poss isa = Puss = * For tone signal {M(t) = a, cos(2mtf,t)} Py = zrmn() = cos (2Tfint) f) Efficiency of AM(7) : © Normal Efficiency For tone signal Tmax OCcUrS When t= 1 Max = Faq X 100% = Nmax = 33.33% BRSRBIE! A baseband signal m(t) = 6 cos(2 x 10°zt) is used to modulate a carrier signal 10 cos(2x10*mt). If the modulation type is normal AM, then find: a) the bandwidth and the spectrum of the baseband signal b) the bandwidth and spectrum of the bandpass signal. c) the total power of the normal AM signal. d) the power of the single side band, and the modulation. Sol. a) m(t) = 6 cos(2(1kHz)t) , dm = 6V M(f) = 3[5(f — 1kHz) + 6(f + 1kH)] - BW = 1kHz b) x(t) = [Ac + m(t)]cos (2m(f.)t) x¢(t) = [10 + 6cos (2mf,t)]cos (2(10kH,)t) x(t) = [10 + 6cos (2m(1kHz)t)]cos (27(10kH,)t) X.(f) = [105(f) + 3[5(F — 1KH,) + 5(F + 1kH,)]] *215(f — (1OkH,)) + 5(f + (10kH,))] X,(f) = 5[5(f — 10kHz) + 5(f + 10kHz)] + 716 (F — 11kHz) + 6(F ~ 9kti,) + 6(F + 11kH2) + 6(F + 9kH,)] BW, = 2BW 2 BWr = 2kHz 9 m(t) = mymy(t) My = 6,mp(t) = cos (200zt) ee as HA. > T07 Pr = Pe + Pose : Ae P= = P, = 50 Watt 2y2 1 Pysy = —J—P, where Pr, = 5 {Power ofa} 100 x 0.67 1 Pose IMG — fe) + MOF + FD] Call Se ce tne fe OV aS pad SY yy esl lle app Sle IM 9 em SLL glee ual = face) a) Generation of DSB — SC: © Itcan be noted that, BW of m(t)=Fm But! BW X,(t) = 2Fn oo He (4D = Apmntt) Gos Caxht) ~)Gos(erht ) b) Demodulation (Detection) of DSB-SC: AL LOG yo Ene sill ew 4ULAdl 9Slad DSB-LC judi 98 BW Lo 36 © Synchronous (Coherent) Detection: Synchromous CCoherent) Detect: nan nee et) ye) Cocol oscillator (~) Cos (27kE) Phase Error Problem: if @ is small value, the output is attenuated slightly. @ is large value, the attenuation is increased. @ = F5,y = 0 Frequency Error Problem: The output is the message m/(t) multiplied by low frequency sinusoidal waveform which cause undesirable distortion called “beating” Hay 4la: cs pall Js: The synchronization is achieved in different ways: Sbaljie ally 9940) dl ky Gabl ggti,b Sho 1- It can be achieved by transmitting a sinusoidal signal without any information with X¢(t). This signal is called "Pilot signal". It is Just transmitted to give information about the frequency and the phase of the carrier signal to set the frequency and the phase of the local oscillator according to it. 2- By adding a synchronization circuit at the receiver to derive a local oscillator signal from the received bandpass signal. * Note that, the bandwidth of the bandpass signal of AM and DSB — SC is: C) Single Side Band (SSB) Modulation: aalSll alo 55 OSY yd gle alas y alll ft 4a LI gla * Generation of SSB: There are two methods to generate SSB signal. © Selective - Filtering Method: ct), yu) res (t) * Demodulation (Detection) of SSB 1- Synchronous Detection: ue x0). LPF ~) Gs OF) 2- Phase Shift Detection: p> yen) This method uses exactly the same system as that used for Hilbert transform SSB generation. D) Vestigial-Sideband (VSB) Modulation: VSB modulation represents a compromise between DSB-SC and SSB. SSB — complex structure but small BW. DSB — simple structure but twice the baseband signal BW * VSB modulation takes the advantages of DSB — SC and the SSB and avoids their disadvantages with small tolerations. * In VSB, one sideband is passed almost completely, while just a trace or vestige of the other sideband is Kept. * The typical bandwidth required to transmit a VSB is 1.25 that of SSB. The old analog commercial TV uses VSB in video signal transmission. ‘A) Show that the synchronous detector can be used to demodulate SSB assuming that the lower side band is kept. LSB of SSB signal x(t) = Acm(t)cos (2nft) + Acrh(t)sin (2mf-t) d(t) = x¢(t) - cos (2mf-t) d(t) = Acm(t)cos? (2mf.t) + Aemn(Osin (2nf.t)cos (2mf-t) a(n = 4 ne fem) 14 + cos (20(2f)0)) + a AePO in (om(2ft) d(t) = Xn +} dem(t)cos conto. + FAam(esin (2n(2f-t) After the LPF with Fy, < Fy << Fe 1 y(t) = zAcm(t) Required B) A tone message signal with amplitude equal to 6 V and frequency equal to 1kHz is used to modulate a carrier signal with amplitude equal to 10 V and frequency of 10kHz. The modulation type is normal AM. Answer the following: a) Draw the spectrum of the bandpass signal. b) Find the bandwidth of the baseband and the bandpass signals. c) Find the total power of the bandpass signal. m(t) = 6 cos(2m(1kHz)t) , am = 6v0 M(f) = 3[6(f — IkHz) + 6(f + 1kH)] BW = 1kHz b) x¢(t) = [Ap + m(t)]cos (2m(f.)t) x(t) = [10 + 6cos (2nf,t)]cos (2m(10kH,)t) x(t) = [10 + 6cos (2m(1kHz)t)]cos (27(10kH,)t) X-(f) = [105(f) + 3[5(F — 1KH,) + 5(F + 1kH,)]] *2[5(f — (LOkH,)) + 5(f + (LOkH,))] X-(f) = S[5(f — 10kHz) + 5(f + 10kHz)] + G[5(F — 11kHz) + 5(F ~ 9kH,) + 6(F + L1kHz) + 5(F + 9kH,)] BW, = 2BW + BWy = 2kHz Q) m(t) = mpmn(t) 2M = 6,my(t) = cos (200nt) Py = Po + Pos 2 Ac P= =P. = 50 Watt 242 1 Pose = —3— Pn, where Py = > {Power of md} 100 x 0.6? 1 Posp = 3 — x5 = 9 watt 1» = 50 +9 = Py = 59 watt (0.418 Marks) ‘A 2kHz tone signs! is used to modulate the carrier signal (10cos (4 x 10*nt) volt ) a normal AM modulation. The ‘maximum envelope amplitude (Amax) is found to be equal to 8 volt, while the minimum envelope amplitude (Amin) is2 volt. a) Find and sketch the spectrum of the baseband and the bandpass signals. bb) Find the bandwidth of the baseband and the bandpass signals. ©) Calculate the total power of the bandpass signal. 4) Calculate the efficiency of this normal AM transmission. Amax = 8 V, Amin = 2 V — Amax = Amin bare iae eels but Ae = 10 V,4 = SE my = 0.6 X10 my = 6V bb) Baseband signal BW = 2kH, Bandpass signal BW; = 22 — 18 = 4k Hz, ) Pr = 22[1 + 1? Pa], Py powers of my (t) = cOS(2fnt) Aap Ppa Fred 2 py = 10/1 4 OFT Lp, = 50 ware 2 2 d) 2 n= pyre 100% 2 1 = TppgEX 100% y = 15.25%

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