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L2.2

WORK SYSTEMS AND DESIGN LECTURE NOTE for CHAPTER 2.2

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4 views

L2.2

WORK SYSTEMS AND DESIGN LECTURE NOTE for CHAPTER 2.2

Uploaded by

mehmetfaruk1981
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

IE333 FALL 2024 / 2025

OCTOBER 9, 2024

WEEK 2
IE333 FALL 2024 / 2025

Manual Work & Worker-Machine Systems

1. Manual Work Systems


2. Worker-Machine Systems
Chapter 2
3. Automated Work Systems
4. Determining Worker and Machine
Requirements
Categories of Work Systems

1. Manual work system


– Worker performing one or more tasks without the aid
of powered tools
Categories of Work Systems

2. Worker-machine system
– Human worker operates powered equipment
Categories of Work Systems

3. Automated work system


– Process performed without the direct participation of
a human worker
Work Unit

Work unit – the object that is processed


by the work system
– Workpiece being machined (production work)
– Material being moved (------------ work)
– Customer in a store (------------- work)
– Product being designed (------------ work)
Manual Work Systems

Human body accomplishing some physical task


without an external source of power

• With or without hand tools


Hand Tool : a small tool that is operated by
the skill & strength of the human user

• Other human abilities are required, such as


hand-eye coordination and mental effort
Pure Manual Work

• Some examples:
– Material handler moving cartons in a
warehouse
– Workers loading furniture into a moving van
without the use of dollies
– Office worker filing documents
– Assembly worker snap-fitting two parts
together
Manual Work with Hand Tools
• Some examples:
– Machinist

– Material handling worker


Manual Work with Hand Tools

• Some other examples:


– Painter using paintbrush to paint door
– Assembly worker using screwdriver
– QC inspector using micrometer to measure a shaft
diameter
– Office worker writing with a pen
Repetitive vs. Nonrepetitive Tasks

• Repetitive Task
– Relatively short duration (usually a few minutes or less)
– High degree of similarity from one cycle to the next

• Nonrepetitive Task
– Takes a long time
– Work cycles are not similar
Cycle Time Analysis

Cycle time Tc
ne
Tc   Tek
k 1

where
Tek= time of work element k
ne = number of work elements
Repetitive Manual Task -- Example
Repetitive Manual Task -- Example
Repetitive Manual Task -- Example
Repetitive Manual Task -- Example
One Best Method Principle

Of all the possible methods that can be used to


perform a given task, there is one optimal
method that minimizes the time and effort
required to accomplish it
– Attributed to Frank & Lillian Gilbreth
– A primary objective in work design is to determine
the one best method for a task, and then to
standardize its use
Cycle Time Variations

Once the method has been established,


the actual time to perform the task is a
variable due to
– Differences in worker performance
– Variations in hand and body motions
– Blunders and bungles by worker
– Variations in starting work units
– Differences among workers
– The learning curve phenomenon
Worker Performance

Defined as the pace or relative speed of


working
• As worker performance increases,
cycle time decreases
• From the employer’s viewpoint, it is
desirable for worker performance to
be high

• What is a reasonable pace to expect


from a worker?

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