THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

PRESIDENT'S OFFICE
REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
FIDEL CASTRO SECONDARY SCHOOL
FORM THREE ANNUAL EXAMINATION
031/1 PHYSICS 1
MARKING SCHEME

Time: 3 Hours 1 October 2024

SECTION A (16 Marks)

1.
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x)
A A B A A A E D C A

2.
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)
H F E I A B

SECTION B (54 Marks)

3. (a) Varying the distance between the plates of a capacitor affects the capacitance because the
capacitance is directly proportional to the surface area of the plates and inversely
proportional to the distance between them. As the distance between the plates increases,
the capacitance decreases because there is less interaction between the plates.
(b) Using Pythagoras theorem

𝑅 = √𝑅𝑥 2 + 𝑅𝑦 2

𝑅 = √(20) 2 + (−10) 2
𝑅 = √400 + 100 = √500 = 22.36 𝑚/𝑠
The direction of the resulting velocity
𝑅𝑦 −10
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1
𝑅𝑥 20
−1
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (−0.5) ≈ −26.57
∴The resulting velocity of the car relative to the ground is 22.36 𝑚/𝑠 towards the south-
east (-26.57° from the east direction).
4. (a) (i) Volume of the object - The greater the volume of an object, the greater the upthrust
it experiences.
(ii) Density of the fluid - If the fluid is denser, it generates a greater upthrust on the
object.
(iii) Acceleration due to gravity - A higher acceleration due to gravity results in a higher
upthrust.
(b) (i) ▪ Liniment: Reduce muscular pain
▪ Sterile gauze: Protect wounds from dirt and germs

Page 1 of 6
 ▪ Adhesive bandage (plasters): Cover minor wounds
▪ Pain killers: Relieve pain
▪ Petroleum jelly: Smooth and sooth skin
(ii) It is necessary to wear gloves when giving first aid to a bleeding person to protect
both the first aider and the injured person from infections. Gloves create a barrier
that helps prevent direct contact with blood, which may carry harmful pathogens
like viruses or bacteria. This reduces the risk of transmitting infections, such as HIV,
hepatitis, or other bloodborne diseases.
5. (a) Ways of destroying magnet
(i) Heating method: Heating a magnet beyond its Curie temperature (the temperature
at which it loses its magnetic properties) can destroy its magnetism. For many
magnets, this is around 300°C to 800°C. This is because , the increase in
temperature results in greater atomic vibration which consequently prevent the
domain from being aligned in the same direction.
(ii) Physical Shock: Dropping or hitting a magnet hard can misalign the magnetic
domains within it, reducing or destroying its magnetism.
(iii) Electrical method: Exposing a magnet to a strong external magnetic field or
electric field, especially one in the opposite direction, can demagnetize it or reduce
its magnetic strength.
(b) 𝑄 = 𝑚𝑐𝛥𝑇
𝑄
𝛥𝑇 = 𝑚𝑐
20,000 𝐽
𝛥𝑇 = 2 𝑘𝑔 × 900 𝐽/𝑘𝑔°𝐶 = 11.11°𝐶
𝑇𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 𝑇𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 + 𝛥𝑇 = 20°𝐶 + 11.11°𝐶 = 31.11°𝐶
∴The final temperature of the aluminium block will be 31.11°𝐶
(b) Consider the diagram

At equilibrium,
Clockwise moments = Anticlockwise moments
60 𝑔 × 2 𝑐𝑚 = 40 𝑔 × 𝑥
𝑥 = 3 𝑐𝑚
Now, length A to O (𝐴𝑂) = 2 𝑐𝑚 + 3 𝑐𝑚 = 5 𝑐𝑚.
But, length A to B (𝐴𝐵) = 𝐴𝑂 × 2 = 5 𝑐𝑚 × 2 = 10 𝑐𝑚
∴ The length of pencil is 10 cm
6. (a) (i) Initial velocity (𝑢) = 50 m/s
Final velocity (𝑣) = 0 m/s
Acceleration due to gravity (𝑔) = 10 𝑚/𝑠 2
From first equation of motion under gravity
𝑣 = 𝑢 − 𝑔𝑡
Page 2 of 6
 𝑣 − 𝑢 0 − 50
𝑡 = = = 5𝑠
−𝑔 10

∴Total time = 2 × 5 = 10 𝑠
(ii) From third equation of motion under gravity
𝑣 2 = 𝑢 2 − 2𝑔ℎ
0 = 50 2 − 2 × 10 × ℎ
2500 = 20ℎ
ℎ = 125 𝑚
∴ The maximum height reached is 125 m
(b) Consider the diagram below

Let the diameter of small piston = 𝑑

Then, the diameter of large piston = 8𝑑
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑝𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝐴𝑦
From, 𝑉. 𝑅 = =𝐴
𝐴𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑝𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑥
𝜋(8𝑑) 2 ÷ 4 64𝑑 2
𝑉. 𝑅 = = = 64
𝜋𝑑 2 ÷ 4 𝑑2
𝑒 × 𝑉.𝑅 90 % × 64
But, 𝑀. 𝐴 = = = 57.6
100% 100 %
∴ The mechanical advantage of the machine is 57.6
7. (a) From, heat supplied = heat gained by water
𝑉2
× 𝑡 = 𝑚𝑐𝑤 ∆𝑇
𝑅
240 2
× 𝑡 = 150 × 4200 × (40℃ − 20℃)
25
𝑡 = 5468.75 𝑠 = 1.52 ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 × 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
240 2
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = × 1.52 ℎ𝑟𝑠 = 3502.08 𝑊ℎ ≈ 3.50 𝑘𝑊ℎ
25
∴ The electrical energy consumed is 3.50 kWh.
(b) (i) In lens camera, amount of light entering the camera is controlled by diaphragm
while in human eye, amount of light entering the eye is controlled by the pupil.
(ii) In lens camera, image is formed on the special film while in human eye, image is
formed on the retina.

Page 3 of 6
 (iii) In lens camera focusing is done by altering the distance between the lens and the
film while in human eye focusing is done by altering the shape of the lens which
alters its focal length.
(iv) In lens camera, image is processed chemically in a process called "Developing"
while in human eye, image is converted to electrical signals that travel through the
optic nerve to the brain for processing.
(v) Lens camera focus objects between a few centimetres from the lens to infinity while
human eye focus objects between 25 cm from the lens to infinity.

SECTION C (30 Marks)

8. (a) (i) Based on the action described the aim of the experiment is to Determine the density
of the stone. Since the purpose of transferring overflowed water to graduated
cylinder is to get volume of the stone also the purpose of placing stone on electronic
balance is to get its mass. Therefore using mass and volume obtained the density
of stone can be determined.
(ii) The stone is tied before lowering it so as to prevent water from splashing or uneven
displacement of water. This would give wrong results as the remaining water level
would be lower than the spout level.
(iii) The water is displaced so as to give room for the stone. The stone takes up space
that was previously occupied by the water.
(iv) ▪ Measurement inaccuracies: This includes errors in measuring volume using
graduated cylinder (Parallax error) or measuring mass of the stone.
▪ Lowering stone in water quickly (dropping it): If the stone is dropped into
water without being tied or lowered gently, it cause splashing which affect
accuracy of the experiment.
(b) If a beam of white light is passed through a triangular glass prism , it splits into a band of
seven colours as shown in the diagram below.

Page 4 of 6
 (c) When temperature of ice rises from −5 ℃ to 0 ℃ the slight increase in density is
observed. As the temperature raises from 0℃ to 4℃ ,the density of water increases till it
attains its maximum density (1.0 𝑔/𝑐𝑚 3 ) and then starts to decrease when the
temperature increases from 4 ℃ to 15 ℃.

9. (a) (i) Geothermal energy is renewable and abundant, as it harnesses heat from the earth's
core.
(ii) It produces low levels of greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to cleaner air.
(iii) Geothermal power plants have a small physical footprint, minimizing land
disruption.
(iv) It provides a consistent and reliable source of energy, unaffected by weather
conditions.
(v) Geothermal energy can be used for various applications, including heating, cooling,
and electricity generation.
(b) When the heater is turned on, bulb Q painted black will absorb more heat and cause the
air inside it to expand (increase in volume), and then push the water level Y downwards.
When the water level Y goes down, it forces the water level X upwards.
(c) Maximum static frictional force (𝐹𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 ) = coefficient of friction (𝜇) x normal force (𝑁)
But, Normal force (𝑁) = 𝑚 × 𝑔
100 𝑘𝑔 × 10 𝑚/𝑠 2 = 1000 𝑁
𝐹𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.4 × 1000 𝑁 = 400 𝑁
Comparing the force applied (F) with the maximum static frictional force (𝐹𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 )
If 𝐹 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝐹𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 the object will start moving
If 𝐹 ≤ 𝐹𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 the object will remain at rest
∴The object will not move, since the applied force (𝐹) is less than the maximum static
frictional force (𝐹𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 )
10. (a) Momentum of car:
Mass of car (𝑚) = 350 kg
Speed of car (𝑣) = 120 km/hr = 33.33 m/s
∴ Momentum of car = 𝑚 × 𝑣 = 350 𝑘𝑔 × 33.33 𝑚/𝑠 = 11666.67 𝑘𝑔𝑚/𝑠
Momentum of bus:
Page 5 of 6
 Mass of bus (𝑚) = 1000 kg
Speed of bus (𝑣) = 40 km/hr = 11.11 m/s
∴ Momentum of bus = 𝑚 × 𝑣 = 1000 𝑘𝑔 × 11.11 𝑚/𝑠 = 11111.11 𝑘𝑔𝑚/𝑠
(b) (i) From hooke's law, 𝐹 = 𝑘𝑒 , where , 𝑘 = 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 , 𝑒 = 𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛
20 𝑘𝑔 × 10 𝑁/𝑘𝑔 = 𝑘 (274 − 220) × 10 −3 𝑚
Force constant (k) = 370.4 N
Extension (𝑒) = 10𝑚𝑚 = 10 × 10 −3 𝑚 = 0.01 𝑚)
𝐹 = 𝑘𝑒 = 370.4 𝑁 × 0.01 𝑚 = 3.7 𝑁
∴The force need to produce extension of 10 mm is 3.7 N
(ii) Extension when metal is immersed in water (𝑒) = 247 𝑚𝑚 − 220 𝑚𝑚
𝑒 = 27 𝑚𝑚 = 0.027 𝑚
𝐹 = 𝑘𝑒 = 370.4 𝑁 × 0.027 𝑚 = 10 𝑁
Upthrust on the metal = Force that extendend the spring when immersed in water
∴The Upthrust on the metal is 10 N
(iii) Using Archimedes' principle, 𝑈𝑝𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑢𝑠𝑡 = 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑊 = 𝑚 × 𝑔
10 𝑁 = 𝑚 × 10 𝑁/𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = 1 𝑘𝑔
∴The mass of displaced water is 1 kg
(iv) Volume of metal submerged = Volume of water displaced
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 (𝑚)
𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝜌) = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒(𝑣)
1 𝑘𝑔
1000 𝑘𝑔/𝑚 3 = 𝑣

𝑣 = 0.001 𝑚 3
∴The volume of piece of metal is 0.001 𝑚 3
(c) Main Scale Reading (𝑀𝑆𝑅) = 1.3 𝑐𝑚
Vernier Scale Reading (𝑉𝑆𝑅) = 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 × 𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 (𝐿. 𝐶)
Vernier Scale Reading (𝑉𝑆𝑅) = 2 × 0.1 𝑐𝑚 = 0.2 𝑐𝑚
Reading = 𝑀𝑆𝑅 + 𝑉𝑆𝑅 = 1.3 𝑐𝑚 + 0.2 𝑐𝑚 = 1.32 𝑐𝑚
The diameter of the cylinder is 1.32 cm

Page 6 of 6