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Table of Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
About the Authors
1 Introduction
1.1 Features of Tcl
1.2 Special Variable
1.3 Tcl First Program
1.4 Tcl Identifiers
1.5 Applications of Tcl
References
2 Basic Commands
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Set Command
2.3 Variable Substitution
2.4 Grouping
2.5 Command Substitution
2.6 Math Expressions
2.7 Backslash Substitution (\&)
2.8 Tcl Operator
2.9 Procedure
2.10 Eval Commands
2.11 Solved Questions
2.12 Review Questions
2.13 MCQs Based on Tcl Basics
References
2.A Appendix I (Built‐in math functions)
 2.B Appendix II (Tcl Backslash sequence)
3 Program Flow Control
3.1 If–Else Command
3.2 Switch‐Case Command
3.3 Loop Command
3.4 Continue and Break
3.5 Catch and Error
3.6 Solved Problems
3.7 Practice Questions
3.8 MCQs
References
4 Tcl Data Structure
4.1 String and Matching Command
4.2 Lists and their Commands
4.3 Arrays and their Commands
References
5 Tcl Object‐Oriented Programming
5.1 Class
5.2 Creation of a Class
5.3 Define a Member in a Class
5.4 Define Method
5.5 Constructor and Destructor
5.6 Destroying of Class
5.7 Invoking Method
5.8 Registering Method for Callback
References
6 File Processing
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Tcl File Command
6.3 Tcl File In‐built Commands
 6.4 Solved Questions
6.5 Review Questions
6.6 MCQs based on Tcl File Processing
References
7 Toolkit Widgets
7.1 Features of Tk Widgets
7.2 Geometry Manager
7.3 Widget Naming
7.4 Widget Dimension
7.5 Widget Configuration
7.6 Widget Programming
7.7 Solved Problems
7.8 Unsolved Problems
7.9 MCQs on Tk Widgets
References
8 Binding Commands and Other Widgets
8.1 Class and Widget Binding
8.2 Widget Characteristic Commands
8.3 Menubar‐Menu‐Menubutton
8.4 Tearoff Command
8.5 Listbox Widget
8.6 Place Manager
8.7 Solved Problems
8.8 MCQs on Bind, Menu, and Place Manager
References
9 Canvas Widgets and Tk Commands
9.1 Canvas Coordinate
9.2 Drawing over Canvas
9.3 Event Binding of Canvas Object
9.4 Create a Movable Object
 9.5 Tk built‐in Command
9.6 Solved Problems
9.7 Review Problem
9.8 MCQs of Canvas
9.A Appendix A
References
10 Tcl‐Tk for EDA Tool
10.1 Accessing Vivado Tool via Tcl Script
10.2 Sourcing the Tcl Script with Vivado
10.3 Implementing Counter Program with Vivado Tcl
Console
10.4 Advantage of Vivado in Tcl Mode
Reference
10.A Appendix
Index
End User License Agreement

List of Tables
Chapter 1
Table 1.1 Programming and scripting language comparison.
Chapter 2
Table 2.1 Arithmetic operator.
Table 2.2 Relational operator.
Table 2.3 Logical operator.
Table 2.4 Bitwise operator.
Table 2.5 Shift operator.
Table 2.6 Operator precedence order.
Chapter 4
Table 4.1 String‐based command.
 Table 4.2 Format specifier.
Table 4.3 List‐based command.
Table 4.4 Arrray command in Tcl.
Chapter 6
Table 6.1 Access mode of Tcl file.
Table 6.2 Tcl file in‐built command.
Chapter 7
Table 7.1 Tk widget command.
Table 7.2 Widget configuration.
Table 7.3 Scale commands.
Chapter 8
Table 8.1 List of event generation.
Table 8.2 Attributes to menu.
Table 8.3 Attributes to menubutton.
Chapter 9
Table 9.1 Attributes to the canvas.
Table A.1 Tk in‐built command.
Chapter 10
Table 10.1 Command to access Vivado Tool.

List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
Figure 1.1 Command‐line interpreter.
Figure 1.2 Wish interpreter.
Figure 1.3 Tkcon interpreter.
Figure 1.4 Tcl special variable.
Figure 1.5 Tcl simple program.
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1 Tclsh screen.
Figure 2.2 Wish screen.
Figure 2.3 The puts command in Tcl.
Figure 2.4 The puts command with (\) sequence.
Figure 2.5 Variable declarations with the set command.
Figure 2.6 Variable substitution.
Figure 2.7 Substitution with grouping.
Figure 2.8 Command substitution.
Figure 2.9 Nesting of commands.
Figure 2.10 Math expressions with the expr command.
Figure 2.11 Disable substitution.
Figure 2.12 Arithmetic operator.
Figure 2.13 Relational operator.
Figure 2.14 Logical operator.
Figure 2.15 Bitwise operator.
Figure 2.16 Ternary operator.
Figure 2.17 Shift left and shift right.
Figure 2.18 Addition with the procedure.
Figure 2.19 Using proc with default variable.
Figure 2.20 The eval command.
Figure 2.21 Temperature conversion with proc.
Figure 2.22 Random number generation with rand()
function.
Figure 2.23 Using proc to find the maximum of two
numbers.
Figure 2.24 Factorial computation using proc.
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1 If–else condition flowchart.
Figure 3.2 If–elseif–else condition flowchart.
Figure 3.3 Switch case flowchart.
Figure 3.4 While loop flowchart.
Figure 3.5 Flowchart of for loop.
Figure 3.6 Foreach command flowchart.
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1 String declaration.
Figure 4.2 String basic command.
Figure 4.3 String trim.
Figure 4.4 String case.
Figure 4.5 String compare.
Figure 4.6 String append.
Figure 4.7 Format command example.
Figure 4.8 Format command with precision.
Figure 4.9 Decimal to other formats.
Figure 4.10 Octal to other formats.
Figure 4.11 Binary to other formats.
Figure 4.12 Hexadecimal to other formats.
Figure 4.13 Scan command example.
Figure 4.14 Clock seconds example.
Figure 4.15 Time representation with clock format.
Figure 4.16 Clock format with predefined template.
Figure 4.17 Clock format to display system time.
Figure 4.18 Clock scan.
Figure 4.19 Clock add.
 Figure 4.20 List declaration.
Figure 4.21 List created in Tcl console.
Figure 4.22 Element‐based list command.
Figure 4.23 String as an element of the list.
Figure 4.24 linsert example.
Figure 4.25 lreplace example.
Figure 4.26 lsearch example.
Figure 4.27 lassign example.
Figure 4.28 lsort example.
Figure 4.29 Split and join example.
Figure 4.30 Array initialization by array command.
Figure 4.31 Array initialization by setting elements.
Figure 4.32 Array index as an alphanumeric character.
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1 Destroying of class.
Chapter 6
Figure 6.1 Tcl script to open a file with extension.
Figure 6.2 Result of Figure 6.1.
Figure 6.3 Tcl script to close a file.
Figure 6.4 Tcl script to write with the puts command.
Figure 6.5 Tcl script to write multiple statements with the
puts command.

Figure 6.6 File available in the directory.

Figure 6.7 Tcl script for a single statement.
Figure 6.8 © Tcl script for multiple statements.
Figure 6.9 Tcl script to read the file in a loop.
Figure 6.10 Tcl script for the read command
 Figure 6.11 Previous content in the file.
Figure 6.12 Result after appending.
Figure 6.13 File‐based in‐built commands with examples.
Figure 6.14 Initial content in a file.
Figure 6.15 Execution result of file access by the list
command.
Figure 6.16 Writing with the puts command.
Figure 6.17 Reading with the gets command.
Figure 6.18 Earlier content written in the file.
Figure 6.19 Execution result of the read inside the loop.
Figure 6.20 Integer already written in the file.
Figure 6.21 Execution result of read command.
Figure 6.22 Content of file one.csv to be read.
Figure 6.23 Content written in two.csv.
Figure 6.24 Random number written in the file.
Figure 6.25 Initial measurement of experiments.
Figure 6.26 Result of the script.
Chapter 7
Figure 7.1 Button widget.
Figure 7.2 Multiple widgets on screen.
Figure 7.3 Button with the puts command.
Figure 7.4 Button with the exit command.
Figure 7.5 Button and different attributes.
Figure 7.6 Label widget.
Figure 7.7 Label with different attributes.
Figure 7.8 Button with config.
Figure 7.9 Label with config.
 Figure 7.10 Sum in a label.
Figure 7.11 Entry for user input.
Figure 7.12 Entry with textvariable.
Figure 7.13 Entry space with a hidden character.
Figure 7.14 Frame widget.
Figure 7.15 Buttons in horizontal and vertical
arrangements.
Figure 7.16 Scale orientation.
Figure 7.17 Slider on a scale.
Figure 7.18 Scale with procedure.
Figure 7.19 Message text on multiple lines.
Figure 7.20 Product with a spinbox widget.
Figure 7.21 GUI for random number generation.
Figure 7.22 Scale with procedure.
Figure 7.23 GUI of the half adder.
Figure 7.24 GUI of the full adder.
Figure 7.25 GUI of a calculator.
Figure 7.26 GUI of a power calculation.
Figure 7.27 Message justified with the aspect ratio.
Chapter 8
Figure 8.1 Before event.
Figure 8.2 After event.
Figure 8.3 Before event.
Figure 8.4 After event.
Figure 8.5 Before event.
Figure 8.6 After event.
Figure 8.7 Before event.
Figure 8.8 After event.
Figure 8.9 Horizontal scale scrollbar movement maps of
keysym.
Figure 8.10 Button‐label on Frame‐1.
Figure 8.11 Button‐label on Frame‐2.
Figure 8.12 Remove button from Frame‐1.
Figure 8.13 Remove label from Frame‐2.
Figure 8.14 Remove Frame‐1.
Figure 8.15 Arrange a button on the right side.
Figure 8.16 Horizontal stack.
Figure 8.17 Vertical stack.
Figure 8.18 Remove button from Frame‐1.
Figure 8.19 Widget showing cavity on frame.
Figure 8.20 Widget with –fill command.
Figure 8.21 Widget with –expand command.
Figure 8.22 Button with ipad.
Figure 8.23 Direction with anchoring.
Figure 8.24 Anchoring of label.
Figure 8.25 Creation of menu for menubutton.
Figure 8.26 Adding entries to menu.
Figure 8.27 Menu with separator.
Figure 8.28 Tcl command associated with menu entry.
Figure 8.29 Creation of submenu.
Figure 8.30 Command link to menu and submenu.
Figure 8.31 Configuring menu entries.
Figure 8.32 Creation of pop‐up menu.
Figure 8.33 Creation of listbox.
 Figure 8.34 Listbox with select mode.
Figure 8.35 Relation position range.
Figure 8.36 Absolute positioning with place manager.
Figure 8.37 Relative positioning with place manager.
Figure 8.38 Before event.
Figure 8.39 Event on binary.
Figure 8.40 Event on octal.
Figure 8.41 Event on hexadecimal.
Figure 8.42 Calculator before input.
Figure 8.43 Calculator with the result.
Figure 8.44 Creation of button with for loop.
Figure 8.45 GUI of the calculator with scale input.
Figure 8.46 Two menubuttons.
Figure 8.47 Menu of menubutton‐1.
Figure 8.48 Menu of menubutton‐2.
Figure 8.49 Submenu.
Figure 8.50 Place manager with relation position.
Chapter 9
Figure 9.1 Canvas with background color.
Figure 9.2 Arc on the canvas.
Figure 9.3 Line on the canvas.
Figure 9.4 Rectangle on the canvas.
Figure 9.5 Polygon on the canvas.
Figure 9.6 Oval on the canvas.
Figure 9.7 Text on the canvas.
Figure 9.8 Bitmap.
Figure 9.9 Bitmap on the canvas.
Figure 9.10 Image in the directory.
Figure 9.11 Image on the canvas.
Figure 9.12 Image in the directory.
Figure 9.13 Image on the canvas.
Figure 9.14 Image dimension adjustment.
Figure 9.15 Image dimension for each image.
Figure 9.16 Objects on the canvas.
Figure 9.17 Circle using arcs.
Figure 9.18 Bounded text widget.
Figure 9.19 Bounded text widget at different locations on
the canvas.
Figure 9.20 Movable oval on the canvas
Figure 9.21 Movable oval and line on the canvas.
Figure 9.22 Movable image on the canvas.
Figure 9.23 Object on the canvas via eval command.
Figure 9.24 GUI before event.
Figure 9.25 GUI during first event.
Figure 9.26 GUI during second event.
Figure 9.27 GUI after both events.
Figure 9.28 Before event.
Figure 9.29 Pop‐up dialog box.
Figure 9.30 After event.
Figure 9.31 Before event.
Figure 9.32 Pop‐up dialog box to select the file.
Figure 9.33 After event.
Figure 9.34 Message box before response.
Figure 9.35 Message box after selecting No.
 Figure 9.36 Sine wave.
Figure 9.37 Square wave.
Figure 9.38 Symbolic library interface.
Figure 9.39 Function on the canvas.
Figure 9.40 Canvas clear function
Figure 9.41 Progressbar before event.
Figure 9.42 Progressbar after event.
Chapter 10
Figure 10.1 Homepage of Vivado Design Suite.
Figure 10.2 Vivado interface after creating project.
Figure 10.3 Adding FA module.
Figure 10.4 Adding stimulus file.
Figure 10.5 Adding constraint file.
Figure 10.6 Synthesize project summary.
Figure 10.7 FPGA package view.
Figure 10.8 Testbench waveform.
Figure 10.9 Power report.
Figure 10.10 Timing report.
Figure 10.11 Utilization report.
Figure 10.12 Datasheet report.
Figure 10.13 Source and constraint file of full subtractor.
Figure 10.14 Sourcing a .tcl script.
Figure 10.15 Simulation waveform of FS.
Figure 10.16 Utilization reports of FS.
Figure 10.17 Timing report of FS.
Figure 10.18 Power report of FS.
Figure 10.19 Datasheet report of FS.
Other documents randomly have
different content
 21; Tit. i. the Grecian
5; Jos. Archipelago.
Life, 76; (Grove’s B. I.)
13 Ant. iv.
39; 17
Ant. xii. 2;
2 Wars vii.
1
CYPRUS Acts iv. 36; Cyprus — See O. T. S.
xi. 19, 20;
xiii. 4; xv.
39; xxi. 3;
16; xxvii.
4; 1 Ant.
vi. 1; 13
Ant. x. 4;
xii. 2, 3;
16 Ant. iv.
5; 20 Ant.
ii. 5; 2
Wars vii. 2
CYRENE Matt. xxvii. el Krenna — The chief town
32; Mark of the district,
xv. 21; now Tripoli,
Luke xxiii. lying between
26; Acts ii. Carthage and
10; vi. 9; Egypt.
xi. 20; xiii. (Grove’s B. I.)
1; Jos.
Life, 3, 76;
14 Ant. vii.
2; 16 Ant.
vi. 1, 5; 7
Wars xi. 1
DALMANUTHA Mark viii. Not — See Conder’s
 10 identified Handbook,
322.
DALMATIA 2 Tim. iv. A district in
10; 2 Illyricum, east
Wars xvi. of the Adriatic
4 Sea. (Grove’s
B. I.)
DAMASCUS Acts ix. 2– Dimeshk 4 The ancient city
27; xxii. esh Sham now called
5–11; xxvi. Dimeshk esh
12, 20; 2 Sham. One of
Cor. xi. the cities
32; Gal. i. included in the
17; Jos. Decapolis. See
Life, 6, O. T. S.
etc., etc.
DECAPOLIS Matt. iv. 25; 7 The name
Mark v. applied to a
20; vii. 31; confederation
Jos. Life, of ten cities
65, 74; 3 which lay to
Wars ix. 7 the south-east
of the Sea of
Galilee, viz.,
Scythopolis,
Hippos,
Gadara,
Philadelphia,
Pella, Gerasa,
Dion, Canatha,
Damascus,
Raphana. All
except the first
are on the east
of the Jordan.
 (Conder’s
Handbook, 36;
Primer, 146.)
DERBE Acts xiv. 6, Ambarrarasi — Ambarrarasi,
20; xvi. 1; west of Eregli,
xx. 4 in Asia Minor.
EMMAUS Luke xxiv. Kh. el — The village of
13 Khamaseh Emmaus (Luke
(?)* xxiv. 13) was,
Kulonieh according to
(?) A.V., 60
el furlongs from
Kubeibeh Jerusalem,
(?) and according
Urtas (?) to the Sinaitic
160. Kh. el
Khamaseh, 8
miles south-
west of
Jerusalem,
proposed by
Captain
Conder.
(Handbook
and Mem. III.
36; Sh. XVII.;
Q. S. 172,
1876; 105,
1879; 46, 237,
1881.)
Kulonieh, 4½
miles west of
Jerusalem.
(Grove’s B. I.)
el Kubeibeh,
 7½ miles
north-west of
Jerusalem,
was
recognised by
the Crusaders.
(Mem. III. 131;
Sh. XVII.)
Urtas, 7 miles
south of
Jerusalem,
proposed by
Mrs. Finn.
(Q. S. 53,
1883; 243,
1884. See also
1885, 1886.)
EGYPT Matt. ii. 13– See O. T. S.
19, etc.,
etc.
EPHRAIM, or John xi. 54 Taiyibeh (?) 14 See Conder’s
APHARAIM Handbook,
O. T. S. and
Q. S. 1872,
1877, and
1881.
EPHESUS Acts xviii. Ephesus — A city of Ionia in
19, 21, 24; Asia Minor,
xix. 1, 17, near Smyrna.
26, 35; xx. The seat of
16, 17; 1 one of the
Cor. xv. seven
32; xvi. 8; Churches of
Ephes. i. Asia. See
1; 1 Tim. i. Smith’s D. of
 3; 2 Tim. i. B. and
18; iv. 12; Baedeker’s
Rev. i. 11; Handbook.
ii. 1; 14
Ant. x. 3,
16; xii. 2,
3, 4; 16
Ant. ii. 2;
vi. 7
ETHIOPIA Acts viii. 27 — See O. T. S.
FAIR HAVENS, Acts xxvii. — On the south
The 8 side of Crete,
4 or 5 miles
east of Cape
Matala.
(Grove’s B. I.)
GABBATHA John xix. Not — The ‘pavement’
13 identified in Jerusalem.
Believed to
have been in
the citadel of
Antonia.
GALATIA Acts xvi. 6; — A province of
xviii. 23; 1 Asia Minor.
Cor. xvi. 1;
Gal. i. 2; 2
Tim. iv.
10; 1
Peter i. 1
GALILEE, Matt. ii. 22; — See O. T. S.
Upper iii. 13; iv.
GALILEE, 12, 15, 23,
Lower 25; xvii.
 22; xix. 1;
xxi. 11;
xxvi. 32;
xxvii. 55;
xxviii. 7,
10, 16;
Mark i. 9,
14, 28, 39;
iii. 7; vi.
21; ix. 30;
xiv. 28; xv.
41; xvi. 7;
Luke i. 26;
ii. 39; iii. 1;
iv. 14, 31,
44; v. 17;
viii. 26;
xvii. 11;
xxiii. 5, 6,
49, 55;
xxiv. 6;
John i. 43;
ii. 11; iv. 3,
43, 45, 47;
vii. 1, 9,
41, 52; xii.
21; xxi. 2;
Acts i. 11;
v. 37; ix.
31; x. 37.
Very
frequently
mentioned
in
Josephus
GALILEE, Sea Matt. iv. 18; Bahr — See Recovery
of xv. 29; Tŭbarîya of Jerusalem,
Mark i. 16; Conder’s
vii. 31; Handbook,
John vi. 1 215; Tent
Work, 36;
Q. S. 1877,
1878, 1879,
and 1881.
GAZA Acts viii. Ghŭzzeh 13 See O. T. S.
26; 1 Ant. and Q. S.
vi. 2; 5 1869–1875,
Ant. i. 22; 1878. (Mem.
ii. 4; viii. III. 248; Sh.
10; 6 Ant. XIX.)
i. 2; 7 Ant.
iv. 1; 9
Ant. xiii. 3;
11 Ant.
viii. 3, 4;
13 Ant. v.
5; xii. 2, 4;
xiii. 1, 2,
3; xv. 4;
14 Ant. iv.
4; v. 3; 15
Ant. vii. 3,
9; 17 Ant.
xi. 4; 1
Wars iv. 2;
vii. 7; xx.
3; 2 Wars
vi. 3; xviii.
1; 4 Wars
xi. 5
GENNESARET, Luke v. 1; 5 Bahr 6 Another name
Lake of Ant. i. 22; Tŭbarîya for the Sea of
13 Ant. v. Galilee. In the
7; 3 Wars Old Testament
x. 1, 7, 8 Chinnereth,
and in
Josephus Lake
of Genesareth.
GENNESARET, Matt. xiv. el Ghuweir 6 The plain of ‘el
Land of 34; Mark Ghuweir,’ north
vi. 53 of Magdala, on
the western
shore of the
Sea of Galilee.
Extent 3 miles
long by 1¼
mile broad.
GERGESENES, Matt. viii. Kersa, or 6 Possibly the
or 28; Mark Khersa (?) present ruin
GERASENES v. 1; Luke Kersa, on the
City of viii. 26 eastern shore
and 37 of the Sea of
Galilee. In
Matt. viii. 28
Gergesenes;
Mark v. 1,
Luke viii. 26
and 37
Gadarenes
(A.V.) In Matt.
viii. 28
Gadarenes;
Mark v. 1,
Luke viii. 26
and 37
Gerasenes
 (R.V.)
Recovery of
Jerusalem,
Schumacher’s
Jaulan, 1888.
Conder’s
Handbook.
GETHSEMANE Matt. xxvi. 14 Probably at or
36; Mark near the
xiv. 32 enclosed olive
garden, still so
called, in the
Valley of
Jehoshaphat.
GOLGOTHA Matt. xxvii. 14 The knoll
33; Mark outside of the
xv. 22; Damascus
John xix. Gate proposed
17 by Captain
Conder, has
lately received
many
supporters.
Luke xiii. 33
Calvary (A.V.),
The Skull
(R.V.). See
Recovery of
Jerusalem.
Conder’s
Primer, 160;
Q. S. 198,
1879; 109,
1880; 69, 148,
 1883; 78,
1885.
GOMORRHA Matt. x. 15; Not — The Gomorrah
(R.V. Mark vi. identified of the Old
GOMORRAH) 11; Rom. Testament.
ix. 29; (See O. T. S.
Jude 7; 2 and Memoirs
Pet. ii. 6 of Eastern
Survey.) The
name is
omitted in
Mark vi. 11 in
the R.V.
GREECE Acts xx. 2
HIERAPOLIS Col. iv. 13 Pambûk — Now called
Kalessi Pambûk
Kalessi.
(Grove’s B. I.)
ICONIUM Acts xiii. Konieh — Now the
51; xiv. 1, modern
19, 21; Konieh.
xvi. 2; 2 (Grove’s B. I.)
Tim. iii. 11
IDUMÆA Mark iii. 8; 14 The Greek form
4 Wars iv. 21 of Edom. See
1–7, etc. O. T. S.
ILLYRICUM Rom. xv. — A district on the
19 east coast of
the Adriatic
Sea. (Grove’s
B. I.)
ITALY Acts xviii. —
 2; xxvii. 1,
6; Heb.
xiii. 24
ITURÆA Luke iii. 1; Jedûr 7 The present
13 Ant. xi. district of
3 Jedûr,
extending from
Hermon
towards the
Lejah.
(Conder’s
Handbook,
316; Recovery
of Jerusalem,
416.)
JACOB’S John iv. 6 Bîr Yʾakûb 10 At the foot of
WELL Gerizim, where
the Vale of
Shechem joins
the plain of
Moreh, is
Jacob’s Well,
70 feet deep,
and at times
containing
water. There is
a vault over it
now, and
remains of an
ancient
church. For
plans and
sketches and
detailed
accounts see
 Recovery of
Jerusalem.
(Mem. II. 172;
Sh. XI.; Q. S.
71, 1873; 72,
1877; 9, 1878;
87, 1879; 195,
1881.)
JERICHO Matt. xx. Eriha 14 Jericho. See
29; Mark O. T. S.; Q. S.
x. 46; 1869, 1870,
Luke x. 1874.
30; xviii.
35; xix. 1;
Heb. xi.
30.
Frequently
mentioned
by
Josephus
JERUSALEM Very el Kuds — Memoirs, Jer.
frequently Vol.; Recovery
mentioned of Jerusalem,
etc.
JOPPA Acts ix. 36– Yâfa 9 The Japho of
43; x. 5, 8, Joshua, xix.
23, 32; xi. 46. See
13 O. T. S.
JORDAN Matt. iii. 5, esh — See O. T. S.
6, 13; iv. Sheriʾah
15, 25;
xix. 1;
Mark i. 5,
9; iii. 8; x.
 1; Luke iii.
3; iv. 1;
John i. 28;
iii. 26; x.
40
JUDAH, or Matt. ii. 1, — See O. T. S.
JUDEA 5, 22, etc.,
etc.
LAODICEA Col. iv. 13, near Denislu — In Asia Minor.
15; Rev. i. Was the seat
11; iii. 14; of one of the
1 Wars xi. seven
7 Churches of
Asia.
LASEA Acts xxvii. Lasea — A ruin of that
8 name in Crete.
(Grove’s B. I.)
LIBYA Acts ii. 10; — The part of
1 Ant. vi. Africa west of
2; 10 Ant. the Delta.
x. 1; 12 Mentioned by
Ant. x. 5; Josephus
14 Ant. i. under the form
4; 16 Ant. of Libya,
vi. 1; 2 Libyia, Libyan
Wars xvi. Pentapolis.
4; xviii. 8; See O. T. S.
3 Wars v.
7; 4 Wars
x. 5; 7
Wars xi. 1
LYCAONIA Acts xiv. 6, — A district of Asia
11 Minor.
LYCIA Acts xxvii. — A district in Asia
5 Minor,
opposite
Rhodes.
LYDDA Acts ix. 32, Ludd 9 The ancient
35, 38; 14 ‘Lod.’ See
Ant. xi. 2; O. T. S.
xv. 3; 20
Ant. vi. 2;
1 Wars xv.
6; 2 Wars
xii. 6; xix.
1; xx. 4; 3
Wars iii. 5;
4 Wars
viii. 1
LYSTRA Acts xiv. 6, Khatûn — Khatûn Serai,
8, 21; xvi. Serai east of Konieh.
1, 2; 2
Tim. iii. 11
MACEDONIA Acts xvi. 9, Macedonia — The country to
10, 12; the north of
xviii. 5; Greece. In the
xix. 21, Apocrypha
22, 29; xx. Chittim. See
1, 3; Rom. O. T. S., under
xv. 26; 1 head Chittim.
Cor. xvi. 5;
2 Cor. i.
16; ii. 13;
vii. 5; viii.
1; ix. 2, 4;
xi. 9;
Philip iv.
15; 1
 Thess. i.
7, 8; iv.
10; 1 Tim.
i. 3; 12
Ant. i.; 14
Ant. xii. 3
MADIAN Acts vii. 29 — The Greek form
of Midian. See
O. T. S.
MAGDALA Matt. xv. 39 Mejdel (?) 6 The present
(R.V. village Mejdel,
MAGADAN) north of
Tiberias.
(Mem. I. 365,
369; Sh. VI.;
Q. S. 121,
1877.)
Magadan
might (if
correct)
represent
Megiddo. See
O. T. S.
MELITA Acts xxviii. Malta — The island on
1 which St. Paul
was wrecked.
MESO­- Acts ii. 9; — Country
POTAMIA vii. 2 between the
(frequently Euphrates and
mentioned Tigris. See
in O. T. S.
Josephus)
MILETUS Acts xx. 15, — A city of Asia
 17; 2 Tim. Minor, south of
iv. 20 Ephesus.
(Grove’s B. I.)
MITYLENE Acts xx. 14; Castro — The chief town
15 Ant. x. of Lesbos.
2; 16 Ant. (Grove’s B. I.)
ii. 2
MYRA Acts xxvii. Dembra — A city of Lycia.
5
MYSIA Acts xvi. 7, — A district in the
8; 1 Wars north-west of
xxi. 11; 4 Asia Minor.
Wars x. 6;
7 Wars iv.
3; v. 3
NAIN Luke vii. 11 Nein 10 The village
Nein, west of
Endor. (Mem.
II. 86; Sh. IX;
Q. S. 115,
1878.)
NAZARETH Matt. ii. 23; en Nâsirah 6 The town en
iv. 13; xxi. Nâsirah, in
11; Mark i. Lower Galilee.
9; Luke i. For various
26; ii. 4, descriptions,
39, 51; iv. see Mem. I.
16, 34; 275–279; Sh.
xviii. 37; V; Tent Work,
John i. 45, 57; Primer,
46 147 (Conder);
Q. S. 1869,
1870, 1873,
 and Dean
Stanley’s Sinai
and Palestine,
365.
NEAPOLIS Acts xvi. 11 Kavalla — See Philippi.
NICOPOLIS Titus iii. 12 — Thought to be
Paleoprevêsa,
west of the
Bay of Actium.
(Grove’s B. I.)
NINEVEH Matt. xii. 41 — On the left bank
of the Tigris,
opposite
Mosul. See
O. T. S.
OLIVES, Matt. xxi. 1; Jebel et Tôr 14 The hill called
Mount of xxiv. 3; Jebel et Tôr on
OLIVET, The xxvi. 30; the east of
Mount Called Mark xi. 1; Jerusalem.
xiii. 3; xiv. See O. T. S.
26; Luke ‘Five furlongs
xix. 29, from the city’
37; xxi. (20 Ant. viii. 6);
37; xxii. ‘six furlongs
39; John from
viii. 1; Jerusalem, on
Acts i. 12; the eastern
7 Ant. ix. side of the
2; 20 Ant. Cedron Valley’
viii. 6; 2 (5 Wars ii. 3).
Wars xiii.
5; 5 Wars
ii. 3; iii. 5;
 xii. 2; 6
Wars ii. 8
PAMPHYLIA Acts ii. 10; — A district on the
xiii. 13; south coast of
xiv. 24; xv. Asia Minor
38; xxvii. between Lycia
5; 11 Ant. and Cilicia.
viii. 1; 14 (Grove’s B. I.)
Ant. xiv. 3;
1 Wars
xiv. 3; 2
Wars xiv.
4
PAPHOS Acts xiii. 6 Bafo — A town at the
south-west
end of Cyprus.
PATMOS Rev. i. 9 Patmo — In the Ægean,
near Samos.
Now Patmo.
(Grove’s B. I.)
PERGA Acts xiii. Eski-Kalesi — A city of
13; xiv. 25 Pamphylia,
now called
Eski-Kalesi,
situate on the
river Cestus.
PERGAMOS Rev. i. 11; Bergama — Now Bergama.
(R.V. ii. 12; 1 The seat of
PERGAMUM) Wars ix. 3; one of the
xxi. 11 seven
Churches of
Asia.
PHENICE Acts xi. 19; See the next.
 xv. 3
PHENICIA Acts xxi. 2. — The maritime
(R.V. Frequently portion of
PHŒNICIA) mentioned country
in containing
Josephus Tyre and
Sidon. The
limits are
variously
stated by
ancient writers.
PHILA­DELPHIA Rev. i. 11; Alla Shehr — A city on the
iii. 7 confines of
Lydia and
Phrygia. Now
called Alla
Shehr. Was
the seat of one
of the seven
Churches of
Asia. (Grove’s
B. I.)
PHILIPPI Acts xvi. Near — A city of
12; xx. 6; Bereketli Macedonia, its
1 Thess. seaport
ii. 2 Neapolis is
now called
Kavalla.
(Grove’s B. I.)
PHRYGIA Acts ii. 10; — In west central
xvi. 6; Asia Minor.
xviii. 23;
Ant. iii. 4;
16 Ant. ii.
 2; 4 Wars
xi. 1
PISIDIA Acts xiii. — In Asia Minor,
14; xiv. north of
24; 13 Pamphylia.
Ant. xiii. 5 (Grove’s B. I.)
POTTER’S Matt. xxvii. — The traditional
FIELD, THE 7 site is at
Aceldama,
which see.
PRÆTORIUM Matt. xxvii. — The head-
(R.V. THE 27; Mark quarters of the
PALACE) xv. 16; Roman
John xviii. Governor at
28, 33; Jerusalem.
xix. 9; The Common
Acts xxiii. Hall, or Hall of
35; Philip Judgment.
i. 13
PTOLEMAIS Acts xxi. 7; Akka 6 The modern
Jos. Life town of Akka.
22, 24, 43, The Accho of
65, 74, Judges i. 31
etc., etc. and the
Talmud. See
O. T. S.
PUTEOLI Acts xxviii. Pozzuoli — On the west
13; Jos. coast of Italy,
Life 3; 18 near Naples.
Ant. vi. 4
RAMA Matt. ii. 18 Not — See Ramah (1)
(R.V. RAMAH) identified of Benjamin,
O. T. S.