GERUND VS PARTICIPLE

MAKALAH
Guna menyelesaikan tugas mata kuliah bhs inggris
Dosen pengampuh: Ririn Fatmawati,M.L.i

Disusun oleh: kelompok 4

Ana Faisah andraini
Dalilatul fariqoh
Ahmad Jailani
Fajrul falah

PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM

FAKULATAS TARBIYAH
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM ZAINUL HASAN
GENGNGONG PROBOLINGGO
ACADEMIC YEAR 2022/2023
PREFACE

Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarokatuh

Alhamdulilahirabbilalamin, we convey all our thanks to the presence of Allah SWT,

prayers and greetings are also conveyed to the great prophet Muhammad SAW. As well as
friends and family.

This paper is the result of our group assignment for students to study and learn about
"Conditional sentences". The preparation of this paper aims to foster the learning process, so
that creativity and mastery of lecture material can be optimal as expected.

Hopefully this paper can be useful and will always be a guide in learning to achieve
great achievements. We really hope for criticism and suggestions from course lecturers and
friends for improvements and improvements in learning in the future

Author

1 November 2023
 TABLE OF COUNTENTS

PREFACE..........................................................................................................................i

TABLE OF COUNTENTS.............................................................................................ii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION...................................................................................1

A. Backround Of The Paper...................................................................................................1

B. Problem Formulation.........................................................................................................1
C. Purpose Of the Paper.........................................................................................................1
CHAPTER II THEORY AND DISCUSION.................................................................2
A. Definition Of gerund and participle...................................................................................2
B. Types of gerund and participle..........................................................................................2
C. Example of a gerund and participle....................................................................................3.
CHAPTER III CONCLUSION......................................................................................4
A. Conclusion.........................................................................................................................4
B. Suggest...............................................................................................................................4
BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................5
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Backround Of The Paper

English is one of the most important subjects for us to learn. English is the language
agreed to be used internationally. Moreover, this area in Jakarta is very famous for its capital
and world-class tourism, so of course we really need English to be able to communicate well.
And also English is one of the subjects that will be tested nationally in Indonesia. We also
need to study gerunds because this is very important in making a word or sentence.
B. Problem Formulation
A. What is definition of gerund and participle ?
B. What are the types of gerund and participle?
C. Examples of gerund and participle?
C. Purpose Of The Paper
A. Do you know the meaning of gerund and participle?
B. Do you know the types of gerund and participle?
C. Do you know examples of gerund and participle?
 CHAPTER II
THEORY AND DISCUSION
A.GERUND
a. Definition of gerund

Gerund is a form of verb-ing that functions as a noun. Gerunds have the same form as
present participles (verb-ing), but they both have different functions. Gerunds always
function as nouns, while present participles can be verbs or adjectives.
Example:
•My young sister was studying French.
→ Studying is not a gerund but a present participle as a verb.
•Ann is an interesting girl.
→Interesting is not a gerund but a present participle as an adjective.
Compare the two examples above with the two examples below:
• Teaching is a noble profession.
→ Teaching is a gerund as a subject.
•Susan and Maria enjoy dancing.
→Dancing is a gerund as a direct object.
b. Formation of Base Form (Verb-1) to become Verb-ing
This method of forming verb-ing from the base form (verb-1) applies For gerunds and
present participles. Below are the rules for forming the base form (verb-1) into verb-ing.
1.If the base form ends in -e, then -e is discarded
Added-ing.
Example:
•Write →writing
•Take →taking
•Argue → arguing
•Love → loving
• Come → coming
2.The base form ends in -ee, then immediately add –Ing
Example:
•Agree → agreeing
•See → seeing
 3. If the base form ends in a consonant (other than h, w, x,
and y) which are preceded by one vowel in one syllable
word, then the consonant letter is written double and then added
-ing
Example:
•Beg → begging
•Stop→ stopping
•Run → running
•Fix → fixing (ending in -x)
• greet → greeting (There are two vowels)
4. If the base form ends in a consonant (other than h, w, x, andy) which is preceded by
a vowel in a word where the pronunciation stress is on the last syllable, then the consonant
letter is written double and then -ing is added.
Example:
Prefer → preferring
Admit → admitting
Control→Controlling
Quarrel →quarrelling
Permit → permitting
Suffer → suffering (pronunciation stress on the first syllable)
5. If the base form ends in -ie, then le is replaced with -y, then added -ing.
Example:
•Lie → lying
•Die → dying
•Tie→tying (tieing))
•Lie →lying (lieing)
6. Verbs ending in -y do not change, so immediately add -ing.
Example:
•Hurry → hurrying
•Pray→ praying
•Buy → buying
•Study → studying
•Try→trying
•Reply→ replying
c. The function and position of gerunds in sentences as nouns include
a).As a subject
Example:
-Seeing her once again made him very happy.
b).As a direct object (direct object)
Example:
-They don’t like teaching.
→teaching is the object of like
c).As the object of a preposition (located after Preposition or preposition)
Example:
-I am tired of camping.
d).As a subject complement (subject complement)
Example:
-My favorite sport is swimming.
→Swimming explains my favorite (subject)
e). As a modifier (explaining another word)
Example:
Ironing board (ironing board)
→Ironing explains the board
Reading lamp (reading lamp)
→ reading explains lamp
Parking area (parking area)
→ parking explains ored
Waiting room (waiting room)
→ waiting describes room
Dining room (dining room)
→Dining describes the room
Swimming pool (swimming pool)
→ swimming describes pool
f).As an appositive (additional information)
Example:
-Peter’s favorite sport, fishing, is becoming Expensive.
(Peter’s favorite sport, fishing, is getting more expensive.)
 d. Gerunds have several noun characters, namely

1. Gerunds can be explained by adjectives

Example:

My grandmother likes my slow driving

→Slow is an adjective that describes driving.

2.Gerunds can be explained by possessive pronouns

Example:

Her dancing makes him impressed.

→Her is a possessive pronoun that describes dancing

3.The gerund is explained by the possessive noun

Example:

I am proud of Harry’s writing.

→Harry’s is a possessive noun that describes writing.

4. Some gerunds have a plural form

Example:

Blessing → blessings

Wedding→ weddings

e. Gerunds have several verb characters, namely

a. Gerunds can have objects (if derived from transitive verb/verb that requires an
object)

Example:

Reading novels is her hobby.

→Novels are the object of reading.

b. Gerunds can have a subject complement (if Comes from linking verb)

Example:
 Congratulations on your becoming a doctor.

→A doctor is a complement to becoming.

f. Gerund patterns in a sentence include

The following are gerund patterns in a sentence. Sometimes these patterns use certain
verbs.

a. Verb + gerund

There are certain verbs that are followed by a gerund (as a direct object) and have an
active meaning, including

Admit Appreciate avoid

Consider Continue Defer

Delay Deny Detest

Example:

•The thief admitted stealing the car.

•She will continue studying next year.

•His mother suggested having lunch before we leave.

b. Verb + gerund (gerund is active, but has passive meaning)

Certain verbs followed by a gerund (as a direct object) have a passive meaning.
Example:
-Need: The car needs washing. (The car needs to be washed,)
-Want: Your hair wants cutting. (Your hair needs to be cut.)

The gerund in the example above can be replaced with the to infinitive in passive
form. The two sentences above Means the two sentences below:
-Need: The car needs to be washed.
-Want: Your hair wants to be cut,
C.No + gerund
Gerunds can function as expressions that indicate Impose a short prohibition.
Example:
•No smoking! (No Smoking!)
 •No fishing! (No fishing!)
•No parking! (No Parking!)
d. Mind + gerund
1) Usually used in negative sentences or Interrogative sentence.
Example:
Would you mind waiting a moment?
(Apakah kamu tidak keberatan menunggu Sebentar?)

B. PARTICIPLE

A participle is a verb-ing which functions as a verb, adjective. Namely present

participles (verb-ing)

a. Present Participle

The present participle, usually known as verb-ing, is a participle formed from the base
form (verb-1) by adding -ing. The present participle has the same form as the gerund, but
both have different functions. The gerund functions as a noun, while the present participle
can function as a verb or adjective. How to form verb-ing from the base form has been
explained in the discussion of gerunds.

Example:

Base form -Present participle

Draw-drawing

Think-thinking

Sleep-sleeping

Play-playing

1.Present Participle Function

a).As a Verb (in Continuous Tenses

Digunakan dalam continuous tense (present continuous, present perfect continuous,

past continuous, past perfect continuous, future continuous, dan future perfect continuous).

Example:

His uncle is teaching Arabic. (present continuous)

His uncle has been teaching Arabic, (present perfect continuous)

His uncle was teaching Arabic. (past continuous)

His uncle had been teaching Arabic. (past perfect Continuous).

b).As an Adjective

The position of the present participle as an adjective is As follows:

•After the linking verb (as subject Complement or complementary subject)

Example:

This job is boring.

Your sister is very charming.

→Charming explains your sister (subject).

•Before noun (as modifier)

Example:

Get the print version of this book

A rolling stone

An annoying boy

→ Annoying menerangkan a boy.

•After noun (as modifier)

Example:

Her grandmother, sleeping, is getting sick.

→ Sleeping explained her grandmother

•After the object (as object complement Or object complement)

Example:

Can you make this book interesting?

→Interesting explains this book (object).

 b).As an Adverb

Example:

Crying for milk, the baby woke everyone up. Studying hard, he passed the final exam.

-Studying hard menerangkan he passed the final exam.

c). As an Absolute Construction

Absolute construction is a phrase consisting of a noun or pronoun which is explained

by a participle, adjective or adjective phrase without separating to be.

Example:

Weather permitting, we will have the picnic tomorrow.

(Weather permitting, we will have a picnic tomorrow.)

→ Permitting describes the weather. If this example is changed into an adverb clouse
of condition (conditional sentence), it will become:

If the weather permits, we will have the picnic tomorrow.

The present participle which functions as an adjective has an active meaning.

Compare with the meaning of the past participle as an adjective.

Example:

• interesting people (interesting people)

= people who are interesting

• boring person (boring person)

= a person who bores other people

•a frightening witch

= a witch who frightens others

2.Pola Pola dalam Present Participle

a) Verb + Object + Present Participle
 Certain verbs that indicate Show the actions carried out by the five senses, antara lain:
see, hear, feel, smell, listen (to), notice,And watch. Actions in the present participle,Whether
it has been completed or not.
Example:
He has smelt something burning here. I heard you singing in the bathroom. (I heard
you [still] singing in the shower.)
b) Have + Object + Present Participle (have here means allow)
Example:
My mother didn’t have me going home alone. I have you smoking in my room. (I
allow you to smoke in my room.)
C) Catch + Object + Present Participle
The action in the present participle is something unpleasant for the subject.
Example:
The police caught him stealing a motorbike. (Police caught him stealing a motorbike.)
d) Find/Leave+ Object + Present Participle
Example:
We found them watching television. (I found him watching television.)
I left my younger sister sleeping there. (I left my sister sleeping there.)
e) Go/come + Present Participle Present participle is an action carried out physically.
Example:
I will go swimming this afternoon. (I’m going swimming this afternoon.)
f) Spend/Waste + Expression Of Time Or Money + Present Participle
Example:
Marilyn doesn’t spend much time preparing this lesson.
(Marilyn didn’t spend much time preparing for this lesson.)
Richard spent a lot of money repairing his car.
(Richard spent a lot of money on Repaired his bicycle.)
g) Be Busy + Present Participle
Example:
Jane was busy packing. (Jane is busy packing.)
3.Formation of Present Participles
Present participles can be formed from:

a)Adjective clause that experiences summarization

Example:
The man standing beside the car will be our Lecturer in the next semester.
= The man who is standing beside the car will be Our lecturer in next semester.
(The man standing next to the car will Be our lecturer next semester.)

b)Adverb clauses that experience condensation

Examples:

•Visiting Yogyakarta, he knew what Gudeg was.

= After he visited Yogyakarta, he knew what Gudeg was.

(After visiting Yogyakarta, he understood what gudeg meant.)

•Being a student, he was naturally interested in museums.

=Because he was a student, he was naturally interested in museums.

(Being a student, of course he likes museums.)

4.Difference between Present Participle and gerund

Present participle and gerund have the same form, namely in the form of verb-ing.
The difference is that the two are usually known from their meaning or function in the
sentence, namely:

a)Present participle means “which”, while gerund means “for

Example:

•Annoying person (present participle)

•Waiting room (gerund)

(room for waiting or waiting room)

b)The gerund occupies the noun position, while the present participle is usually an adjective
or verb (in continuous tenses).

Example:

•I love cooking. (gerund)

→ Cooking as a noun (gerund) which has the position of an object.

•She is cooking in the kitchen. (present participle)

→ Cooking as a verb (present participle)

In the present continuous.

 CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION

A. Conclusion

Gerund is a form of verb-ing that functions as a noun. Studying is not a gerund but a present
participle as a verb. Interesting is not a gerund but a present participle as an adjective.

A participle is a verb-ing which functions as a verb, adjective. Present ParticipleThe present

participle, usually known as verb-ing, is a participle formed from the base form . As a Verb in
Continuous Tenses and used in continuous tense.

B. Suggest

We, as the authors of this paper, would like to apologize for the shortcomings of this paper.
We realize that this paper is still far from perfect. Therefore, we need suggestions from
readers for the perfection of this paper. Thank you very much for participating in reading.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Rahardian, Edward. 2 Hari Taklukkan Tata Bahasa . SAUFA.

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le.com/
&ots=ocezA04RgY&sig=Xd29qfyfKSgcABEhEq3viO04xIk&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f
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