CSIR NET-JRF Physical Sciences Dec.

-2023
Solution-Classical Mechanics
Physics by fiziks
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CSIR NET-JRF Physical Sciences Paper Dec.-2023

Solution-Classical Mechanics

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 CSIR NET-JRF Physical Sciences Dec.-2023
Solution- Classical Mechanics
Physics by fiziks
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PART B
k
Q2. A particle moves in a circular orbit under a force field given by F  r    rˆ , where k
r2
k
is a positive constant. If the force changes suddenly to F  r    rˆ , the shape of the
2r 2
new orbit would be
(1) parabolic (2) circular (3) elliptical (4) hyperbolic
Ans: (1)
k l2 k
Solution: In circular orbit of radius r0 ; V  r    and E  Veff  2

r0 2mr0 r0

Veff l2 k
  2 0 ...(1)
r r  r0
3
mr0 r0

Due to sudden change in force

(i) l will remain same (ii) radius will remain r0 , and

(iii) only tangential component of velocity will be present (no radial component of velocity) at
the moment of change. So, total energy of the particle at the moment of change

1 2 l2 k l2 k r0  l 2 k 
E  mr  2
  0 2
   3  2  E 0 (From equation (1))
2 2mr0 2r0 2mr0 2r0 2  mr0 r0 
This is the condition of parabolic orbit.
Q10. A particle of unit mass subjected to the 1-dimensional potential
2 3
V  x  
x3 x 2
executes small oscillations about its equilibrium position, where  and  are positive
constants with appropriate dimensions. The time period of small oscillations is
 2  2 2 2 2 2
(1) (2) (3) (4)
6 5 3 5 3 5 6 5

Ans: (4)
dV 6 6 
Solution: At equilibrium position   4  3  0  x0  .
dx x x 
d 2V 24 18 6  5
  4  4
dx 2 x0
x05 x0 

2 6 5  4 2 2
  T 
T 1 6 5

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 CSIR NET-JRF Physical Sciences Dec.-2023
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Q18. The 1-dimensional Hamiltonian of a classical particle of mass m is
P2  x a
H e V  x ,
2m
where a is a constant with appropriate dimensions. The corresponding Lagrangian is,
2 2
m  dx  m  dx 
(1)   e x a  V  x  (2)   e  x a  V  x 
2  dt  2  dt 
2 2
3m  dx  x a 3m  dx   x a
(3)   e V  x (4)   e V  x
2  dt  2  dt 
Ans: (1)
Solution:
p2  x a H p  x a
H e  V  x  thus x   e  p  mx e x a
2m p m

p2  x a m2 x 2 2 x a  x a
L  xp  H  mx 2e x a  e  V  x   mx 2e x a  e e V  x 
2m 2m
2
1 2 xa 1  dx 
L mx e  V  x   L  m   e x a  V  x 
2 2  dt 
Q19. The coordinates of the following events in an observer's inertial frame of reference are as
follows:
Event 1: t1  0, x1  0 : A rocket with uniform velocity 0.5c crosses the observer at origin

along x axis
Event 2: t2  T , x2  0 : The observer sends a light pulse towards the rocket

Event 3: t3 , x3 : The rocket receives the light pulse

The values of t3 , x3 respectively are

c 3 2 2 3
(1) 2T , cT (2) 2T , T (3) T, cT (4) T, cT
2 2 3 3 2
Ans: (1)
Solution:
In Earth frame, the distance travelled by the rocket in time T  0.5 cT . Now a light pulse is
emitted at x  0 , which will be received by rocket in next t time (Let). So,
0.5c T  t   ct  t  T

t3  T  t  T  T  2T and x3  0.5c  2T  cT

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Q24. A particle of mass m is moving in a stable circular orbit or radius r0 with angular

momentum L . For a potential energy V  r    r k (   0 and k  0 ), which of the

following options is correct?

15 14
 3L2   L2 
(1) k  3, r0    (2) k  2, r0   
 5m    2 m 
14 15
 L2   5L2 
(3) k  2, r0    (4) k  3, r0   
 4 m   3m 
Ans: (2)
l2 Veff l2 l2
Solution: Veff    r k
    k  r k 1
 0  r k 2

r mk 
0
2mr 2 mr 3
1 1
 l2   l2 
4 5

k  2, r0    and k  3, r   
 2m   3m 
0

PART C

Q4. A Lagrangian is given by L 

1
2
 
m x 2  yz  z 2    2 x  3 y  z 

The conserved momentum is

(1) m  2 x  z  (2) m 2 x  y  z 

 1 
(4) m 2 x  3z 
3
(3) m  x  y  z 
 2 2 
Ans: (2)

m  x 2  yz  z 2     2 x  3 y  z 
1
Solution: L 
2
d  L  L
(i)    0  mx   2   0  mx  2
dt  x  x

d  L  L 1
(ii)     0  mz   3   0  mz  6
dt  y  y 2

d  L  L 1 1
(iii)    0  my  mz      0  my  6    0  my  10
dt  z  z 2 2
d
(a) m  2 x  z    2 x  z  m  4  6  10  0
dt
d
 m  2 x  y  z    2mx  my  mz  4  10  6  0
dt 
(b)

So, m  2 x  y  z  is a conserved quantity.

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Q9. A canonical transformation from the phase space coordinates  q, p  to Q, P  is

p2
generated by the function   p, Q   tan 2 Q , where  is a positive constant. The
2
function   p, Q  is related to F  q, Q  by the Legendre transform   pq  F , where

F is defined by dF  pdq  PdQ . If the solution for  P, Q  is

 2
P t   t , Q  t   Q0  const. where t is time, then the solution for  p, q  variables
4
can be written as
t t t t
(1) p  cos 2 Q0 , q  sin 2 Q0 (2) p   cos 2 Q0 , q  sin 2 Q0
2 2 2 2
t t t t
(3) p  sin 2 Q0 , q  cos 2 Q0 (4) p   sin 2 Q0 , q  cos 2 Q0
2 2 2 2
Ans: (1)
Solution: For the Legendre transformation   pq  F with dF  pdq  PdQ , the
transformation equations will be
 p  p2
q  tan 2 Q ...(1) and P  2 sec2 2 Q ...(2)
p  Q 2

 2 p2  2t 2 t  2
From (2): t  2 sec2 2 Q  p 2  cos 2 2 Q  p  cos 2 Q P t
4 2 4 2
2 4
t
From equation (1): q  sin 2 Q
2
Q26. A particle of mass m is moving in a 3-dimensional potential
k k'
 r     , k, k '  0
r 3r 3
For the particle with angular momentum l , the necessary condition to have a stable
circular orbit is
l4 l4 l4 l4
(1) kk '  (2) kk '  (3) kk '  2 (4) kk '  2
4m 2 4m 2 m m
Ans: (1)
l2 k k' Veff l2 k k'
Solution: Veff    3    3  2  4  0   mk  r 2  l 2r  mk '  0
2mr 2
r 3r r mr r r

l 2  l 4  4m2 kk ' l4 l4
r  . For real r : l 4  4m2 kk '   kk ' or kk ' 
2mk 4m 2 4m 2

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