Reservation

 PNRNo
 DOJ
 No_of_seats
 Address
 ContactNo
 BusNo
 SeatNo

SCHEMA
Reservation(PNRNo:String,DOJ:Date,NoofSeats:integer,Address:String,ContactNo:String,,BusN
o:String,SeatNo:Integer)

[3]
Cancellation
 PNRNo
 DOJ
 SeatNo
 ContactNo
 Status

SCHEMA

Cancellation(PNRNo:String,DOJ: Date,SeatNo:integer,ContactNo:String, Status:String)

[4]
CONCEPT DESIGNWITHE-RMODEL

[5]
VivaQuestions:

1. DefineDBMS?
2. Definetheterms
i)Entityii)Entitysetiii)weakentitysetiv)strongentityset?3.Whatis ER-diagram?
4. Whatarethedifferenttypesofentities?
5. Listvarioustypesofattributes?

[6]
 EXPERIMENT –
2RELATIONALMODE
L

AIM:ToRepresentalltheentities(Strong,Weak)intabularfashion.Representrelationships inatabularfashion.

1. Bus:Bus(BusNo:String,Source:String,Destination:String,CoachType:String)

ColumnName Datatype Constraints TypeofAttributes

BusNo Varchar(10) Primary Single-value

key
Source Varchar(20) Single-value
Destination Varchar(20) Simple
CoachType Varchar(10) Simple

Mysql>createtableBus(BusNovarchar(10),sourcevarchar(20),Destinationvarchar(20),coachTypevarchar(10),primaryk
ey(BusNo));

Mysql>descBus;

Ticket:

Ticket(TicketNo:string,DOJ:date,Address:string,ContactNo:string,BusNo:String,SeatNo:Integer,Source:String,Destination:Stri
ng)

[7]
 ColumnName Datatype Constraints TypeofAttributes
TicketNo Varchar(20) Primary Key Single-valued

DOJ Date Single-valued

Address Varchar(20) Composite
ContactNo Integer Multi-valued
BusNo Varchar(10) ForeignKey Single-valued
SeatNo Integer Simple
Source Varchar(10) Simple
Destination Varchar(10) Simple

Mysql>create table ticket(ticketno varchar(20), doj date,address varchar(20),contactno int,

busnovarchar(20),seatnoint,sourcevarchar(10),destinationvarchar(10),primarykey(ticketno,busno)foreignkey(bus
no)referencesbus(busno);

Mysql>descTicket;

Passenger:

Passenger(PassportID:String,TicketNo:string,Name:String,ContactNo:string,Age:integer,Sex:character,Address:Str
ing);

Type
ColumnName Datatype Constraints
ofAttribut
es
PassportID Varchar(15) Primary Key Single-valued

[8]
TicketNo Varchar(20) ForeignKey Single-valued

[9]
 Name Varchar(20) Composite
ContactNo Varchar(20) Multi-valued
Age Integer Single-valued
Sex character Simple
Address Varchar(20) Composite

Mysql>Createtablepassenger(passportIDvarchar(15),TicketNo
varchar(15),Namevarchar(15),ContactNovarchar(20),Age integer, sex char(2),address varchar(20), primary
key(passportID,TicketNo),foreignkey(TicketNo)references Ticket(TicketNo));

Mysql>descpassenger;

Reservation:

Reservation(PNRNo:String,DOJ:Date,NoofSeats:integer,Address:String,ContactNo:String,
,BusNo:String,SeatNo:Integer)

ColumnName Datatype Constraints TypeofAttributes

PNRNo Varchar(20) Primary Single-valued
Key
DOJ date Single-valued
No_of_Seats Integer Simple
Address Varchar(20) Composite
ContactNo Varchar(10) Multi-valued

[10]
 BusNo Varchar(10) Foreign Single-valued
Key
SeatNo Integer Simple
Mysql>Create table Resevation(PNRNo varchar(20),DOJ date,NoofSeates integer,Address
varchar(20),ContactNovarchar(20),BusNo varchar(20),SeatNo integer, primary key(PNRNo,BusNo),foreign
key(BusNo) referencesBus(BusNo));

Mysql>descreservation;

Cancellation:

Cancellation(PNRNo:String,DOJ:Date,SeatNo:integer,ContactNo:String,Status:String)

ColumnName Datatype Constraints TypeofAttributes

PNRNo Varchar(10) Primary Key Single-valued
DOJ date Single-valued
SeatNo Integer Simple
ContactNo Varchar(15) Multi-valued
Status Varchar(10) Simple

Mysql> create table cancellation(PNRNo varchar(10),DOJ date,SeatNo integer,

ContactNovarchar(15),Statusvarchar(10),primarykey(PNRNo),foreignkey(PNRNo)referen
cesreservation(PNRNo));

Mysql>desccancellation;

[11]
VivaQuestions:

1Whatisrelationschemaandarelation?2.W

hatisRelationand Relationship?

3. DefineInstanceandSchema?

4. WhatisthedifferencebetweenERandRelationalModel?5.Wh

atis thedegreeofrelation?

[12]
 EXPERIMENT–
3NORMALIZATIO
N

AIM: ApplythedatabaseNormalizationtechniques for

designingrelationaldatabasetablestominimizeduplicationofinformationlike1NF,2NF,3NF,BCNF.

Normalizationisaprocessofconvertingarelationtobestandardformbydecompositionalarger
relationintosmallerefficientrelation thatdepictsagooddatabasedesign.

 1NF: A Relation scheme is said to be in 1NF if the attribute values in the relation are atomic.i.e., Mutli –
valuedattributes arenotpermitted.

 2NF: A Relation scheme is said to be in 2NF,iff and every Non-key attribute is fully functionally dependent
onprimaryKey.

 3NF:ARelationschemeissaidtobein 3NF,iffanddoesnothavetransitivitydependencies.ARelationissaidtobe
3NFifeverydeterminantis akeyforeach&everyfunctionaldependency.

 BCNF: A Relation scheme is said to be BCNF if the following statements are true for eacg FD P->Q in set F
ofFDs that holds for each FD. P->Q in set F of FD’s that holds over R. Here P is the subset of attributes of R &
QisasingleattributeofR.

ThegivenFDisatrival

Pisasuperkey.

[13]
 Normalizedtables are:-

Mysql>createtableBus2(BusNovarchar(20) primarykey,Sourcevarchar(20),Destinationvarchar(20));

Mysql>Createtablepassenger4(PPNvarchar(15)Primarykey,Namevarchar(20),Age
integer,Sexchar,Addressvarchar(20));

Mysql>CreatetablePassengerTicket(PPNvarchar(15)Primarykey,TicketNointeger);

Mysql>CreatetableReservation2(PNRNOintegerPrimarykey,JourneyDateDateTime,NoofSeatsint,Addressvarchar(2
0),ContactNoInteger);

Mysql> create table Cancellation2(PNRNO Integer primary key,JourneyDate

DateTime,NoofSeatsInteger,Addressvarchar(20),ContactNoInteger,foreignkey(PNRNO)referencesReservation2(P
NRNO));

Mysql>CreatetableTicket2(TicketNo
IntegerPrimarykey,JourneyDateDateTime,AgeInt(4),Sexchar(2),Sourcevarchar(20),Destinationvarchar(20),DeptTi
mevarchar(2));

VivaQuestions:

1.Define
Redundancy?2.Whatisdec
omposition?3.What
isNormalization?
4.What is fully functional
dependency?5.ListthedifferenttypesofNor
malforms?

[14]
 EXPERIMENT –
4PRACTICINGDDLCOMMAND
S

AIM:CreatingTablesandaltering theTables

Mysql>Createtablepassenger2(passportIdIntegerPrimaryKey,Namevarchar(10)NotNull,
AgeIntegerNotNull,Sexchar,Addressvarchar(20)Not Null);

Mysql>descpassenger2;

USINGALTERCOMMAND

AddingExtracolumntoExistingTable

Mysql>Altertablepassenger3addcolumnTicketNovarchar(10);

[15]
Mysql>AlterTablepassenger3addForeignkey(TicketNo)referencesTicket(TicketNo);

Mysql>AlterTablepassenger3 ModifycolumnNamevarchar(20);

[16]
 Mysql>Altertablepassengerdropforeignkeyfk1;

Mysql>Altertablepassenger2DropcolumnTicketNo;

VivaQuestions:
1. WhatisDDL?

2. Whatarethedifferenttypesofcommands

usedinDDLlanguage?3.Differencebetweendropandtruncate?

4.What is the use of DDL language in

DBMS?5.DefineDatabase?

[17]
 EXPERIMENT –
5PRACTICINGDMLCOMMAND
S

AIM:CreateaDMLCommandsareusedtomanagedatawithintheschemeobjects.

DMLCommands:

INSERTCOMMANDONBUS2&PASSENGER2RELATIONS

mysql>select*fromBus2;Emptyset(0.00sec)

mysql>insertintoBus2values(1234,'Hyderabad','Tirupathi');Que

ryOK,1rowaffected(0.03sec)

mysql> insertinto Bus2

values(2345,'Hyderabad','Banglore');QueryOK,1rowaffected(0.

01sec)

mysql> insertinto Bus2

values(23,'Hyderabad','Kolkata');QueryOK,1rowaffected(0.03

sec)

mysql>insertintoBus2values(45,'Tirupathi','Banglore');QueryO

K,1rowaffected(0.03sec)

mysql>insertintoBus2values(34,'Hyderabad','Chennai');QueryO

K,1rowaffected(0.03sec)

[18]
mysql>select *fromBus2;

[19]
mysql>select*fromPassenger2;E

mptyset(0.00sec)

mysql>insertintoPassenger2values(145,'Ramesh',45,'M','abc123');Q

ueryOK,1rowaffected(0.05sec)

mysql>insertintoPassenger2values(278,'Geetha',36,'F','abc124');Q

ueryOK,1rowaffected(0.02sec)

mysql>insertintoPassenger2values(4590,'Ram',30,'M','abc12');Q

ueryOK,1rowaffected(0.03sec)

mysql>insertintoPassenger2values(6789,'Ravi',50,'M','abc14');Q

ueryOK,1rowaffected(0.03sec)

mysql>insertintoPassenger2values(5622,'Seetha',32,'F','abc55');Quer

yOK,1rowaffected(0.03sec)

mysql>select*fromPassenger2;

[20]
UPDATECOMMANDONBUS2RELATION

UPDATESelectedRows&MultipleRows

mysql>UpdateBus2SETSource='Secundrabad'whereBusNo=1234;QueryOK,1rowaffected

(0.05sec)Rowsmatched:1Changed:1Warnings:0

[21]
DELETECOMMANDONBUS2RELATION

DELETESSelectedRowsand MultipleRows

mysql>DeletefromBus2 whereBusNo=1234;QueryOK,1 rowaffected (0.05sec)mysql>

select*from Bus2;

[22]
 mysql>DeletefromBus2whereSource=’Secundrabad’;QueryOK,1rowaffected (0.05sec)mysql>

select*from Bus2;

VivaQuestions:

1. WhatisDML?
2. WhatistheuseofDMLinDBMS?3.W
hataretheDMLCommands?
4. WhatistheuseofAlter
commandinDBMS?5.Defineview?

[23]
 EXPERIMENT– 6
Querying(usingANY,ALL,IN,Exists,

NOTEXISTS,UNION,INTERSECT,Constraintsetc.)Aim:PracticethefollowingQueries:

1. DisplayuniquePNR_NOofallpassengers
2. Displayallthenamesofmalepassengers.
3. Displaytheticketnumbersandnamesofallthepassengers.
4. Findtheticketnumbersofthepassengerswhosenamestartwith‘r’andendswith‘h’.
5. Findthenamesof Passengerswhoseageisbetween30 and45.
6. Displayallthe passengersnamesbeginningwith‘A’.
7. DisplaythesortedlistofPassengersnames

[24]
mysql>insertintopassenger2values(82302,'Smith',23,'M','Hyderabad');QueryO

K,1rowaffected(0.02sec)

mysql>insertintopassenger2values(82303,'Neha',23,'F','Hyderabad');Q

ueryOK,1rowaffected(0.01sec)

mysql>insertintopassenger2values(82304,'Neha',35,'F','Hyderabad');Qu

eryOK,1rowaffected(0.03sec)

mysql>insertintopassenger2values(82306,'Ramu',40,'M','Hyderabad');QueryO

K,1rowaffected(0.02sec)

mysql>insertintopassenger2values(82308,'Aakash',40,'M','Hyderabad');Quer

yOK,1rowaffected(0.02sec)

mysql>insertintopassenger2values(82402,'Aravind',42,'M','Hyderabad');Quer

yOK,1rowaffected(0.02sec)

mysql> insertinto passenger2

values(82403,'Avinash',42,'M','Hyderabad');QueryOK,1rowaffected(0.02sec)

mysql> insertinto passenger2

values(82502,'Ramesh',23,'M','Hyderabad');QueryOK,1rowaffected(0.02sec)

mysql>insertintopassenger2values(82602,'Rajesh',23,'M','Hyderabad');Query

OK,1rowaffected(0.02sec)
[25]
RESERVATION2

mysql>insertintoreservation2values(10201,'2012-02-

2010:20:25',05,'HYD',9654235242);QueryOK,1rowaffected(0.03sec)

mysql>insertintoreservation2values(10202,'2012-02-

2210:22:25',05,'HYD',9654232451);QueryOK,1rowaffected(0.02sec)

mysql> insert into reservation2 values(10203,'2012-03-22 10:30:25',05,'DELHI',96

54587960);QueryOK,1rowaffected(0.01sec)

mysql>insertintoreservation2values(10204,'2013-03-

2211:30:25',05,'CHENNAI',9845761254);QueryOK,1rowaffected(0.02sec)

1. DisplayuniquePNR_NOofallreservationMysql>SelectDI

STINCTPNR_NOfromReservation;

PNR_No
10201
10202
10203
10204

[26]
2. Displayallthenamesof malepassengers.

mysql>Selectp.namefrompassenger2p
where
p.passportidIN(selectp2.passportidfrompassenger2p2wh
ere p2.sex='M');

[27]
[28]
3. Displaythe ticketnumbers andnamesofallthepassengers.

mysql>selectt.ticketno,p.namefrompassengertickett,passenger2pwheret.passportid=p.passportid;

[29]
4. Findthe ticketnumbersofthe passengerswhosenamestartwith‘r’andendswith‘h’.

MySQL>SELECTNameFROMPassengerWHEREnameLIKE‘R%H’

Name
Rajesh
Ramesh
Ramesh

[30]
5. FindthenamesofPassengerswhoseageisbetween30and45.

MySQL>SELECT NameFROMPASSENGERWHERE AGE BETWEEN30AND45

[31]
6. Displayallthepassengersnamesbeginningwith‘A’.

MySQL>SELECT*FROMPASSENGERWHERENAMELIKE‘A%’;

Name
Akash
Arivind
Avinash

[32]
 7. Displaythesorted listofPassengersnames

MySQL>SELECT NAMEFROMPASSENGERORDERBYNAME;

VivaQuestions:

1.WhataretheDifferenttypesofset
operators?2.Whataretheaggregateoperators?
3.WhatisthedifferencebetweenANYandORoperators?4.W
hatis NULLValues?
5. WhatistheuseofEXISTSoperator?

[33]
 EXPERIMENT– 7
QueryingAggregateFunctions(GROUPBY,HAVINGandCreationandDroppingofViews)

Aim:ToPracticeQueriesusingAggregatefunctionsforthefollowing

1. WriteaQuerytodisplaytheinformationpresentinthepassengerandcancellationtables
2. Displaythenumberofdaysinaweek onwhichthe AP123 busisavailable
3. FindnumberofticketsbookedforeachPNR_NousingGROUPBYCLAUSE
4. FindthedistinctPNRNumbersthatarepresent.

1. WriteaQuerytodisplaytheinformationpresentinthepassengerandcancellationtables

MYSQL>CREATETABLECANCELLATION2(PNRNOINTPRIMARYKEY,JOURNEYDATEDATETIME,NOO
FSEATS INT,ADDRESS VARCHAR(20),CONTACTNO INT,STATUS
VARCHAR(10),FOREIGNKEY(PNRNO)REFERENCESRESERVATION2(PNRNO));

mysql> INSERT INTO CANCELLATION2 VALUES(10201,'2012-02-

2010:20:25',2,'HYD',9654235242,'CONFIRM');

mysql> INSERT INTO CANCELLATION2 VALUES(10202,'2012-02-

2210:22:25',2,'HYD',9654232451,'CONFIRM');

mysql> INSERT INTO CANCELLATION2 VALUES(10203,'2012-03-

2210:30:25',2,'DELHI',9654587960,'CONFIRM');

[34]
MySQL>SELECT*FROMRESERVATIONUNIONSE

LECT*FROM CANCELLATION;

2. Displaythe Minimum ageofthePassenger

MySQL>SELECT MIN(AGE)asMINAGEFROMPASSENGER;

[35]
3. FindnumberofticketsbookedforeachPNR_NousingGROUPBYCLAUSE

MySQL> SELECT PNRNO,SUM(No_of_SEATS) AS SUM_OF_SEATS

FROMRESERVATION2 GROUP BYPNRNO;

4 FindthedistinctPNRNumbersthatarepresent.

MySQL>SELECTDISTINCTPNR_NOFROMRESERVATION2;

[36]
 5 Mysql>selectsum(Noofseats)fromCancellation2;

6 Findthetotalnumberofcancelledseats.

MySQL>selectsum(noofseats)ascanceled_seatsfromcancellation2;

[37]
 CreationandDropingofViews

mysql>createtablestudents(sidintprimarykey,namevarchar(15),loginvarchar(15),ageint,gpar
eal);mysql>createtableEnrolled(sidint,cidint,gradevarchar(5),primarykey(sid,cid),foreignke
y(sid)referencesstudents(sid));

mysql>createviewBStudents(name,sid,course)ASSELECTs.name,s.sid

,E.cidfromstudentss,enrolledEwheres.sid=e.sidANDE.grade='B';

Syntax:Dropviewviewname;

Mysql>DropviewBstudents;Mysql>DropviewGoodstudents;

VivaQuestions:

1. WhatisNestedquery?
2. What is the use of Group By
Clause?3.DefineJoin?Listdifferenttypesofj
oins?
4.Whatisdifferencebetweenleftouterjoinandrightouterjoin?5.WhatisC
o-relatednestedquery?

[38]
 EXPERIMENT-8
Triggers

Aim:Creationofinserttrigger,deletetriggerandupdatetrigger.

MySQL>CREATE TABLE BUS(BUSNO VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,

SOURCEVARCHAR(10), DESTINATION VARCHAR(10), CAPACITY INT(2),
PRIMARYKEY(BUSNO));

MySQL>INSERTINTOBUSVALUES('AP123','HYD','CHENNAI','40');

CREATE TABLE BUS_AUDIT1(ID INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

SOURCEVARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, CHANGEDON DATETIME DEFAULT NULL,
ACTIONVARCHAR(10)DEFAULTNULL,PRIMARYKEY(ID));

[39]
CREATE TRIGGER BEFORE_BUS_UPDATE BEFORE UPDATE ON

BUSFOREACHROWBEGIN

INSERTINTOBUS_AUDIT1

SETaction='update',source=OLD.source,changedon=NOW();END$$

UPDATE:

MySQL>UPDATEBUSSETSOURCE='KERALA'WHEREBUSNO='AP123'$$

[40]
SNo Source Changedon Action
1 Banglore 2014:03:2312:51:00 Insert
2 Kerela 2014:03:25:12:56:00 Update
3 Mumbai 2014:04:26:12:59:02 Delete

INSERT:

CREATE TRIGGER BEFORE_BUS_INSERT BEFORE INSERT ON

BUSFOREACHROWBEGIN

INSERTINTOBUS_AUDIT1

SETaction='Insert',source=NEW.source,changedon=NOW();END$$MYSQL>INSERTI

NTOBUSVALUES('AP789','VIZAG','HYDERABAD',30)$$

SNo Source Changedon Action

1 Banglore 2014:03:2312:51:00 Insert
2 Kerela 2014:03:25:12:56:00 Update
3 Mumbai 2014:04:26:12:59:02 Delete

[41]
CREATETRIGGERBEFORE_BUS_DELETEBEFOREDELETEONBUSFOREA

CHROWBEGIN

DELETEFROMBUS_AUDIT1

SETaction='Insert',source=NEW.source,changedon=NOW();END$$DE

LETEFROMBUSWHERESOURCE=’HYDERABAD’$$

SNo Source Changedon Action

1 Banglore 2014:03:2312:51:00 Insert
2 Kerela 2014:03:25:12:56:00 Update
3 Mumbai 2014:04:26:12:59:02 Delete

Examples

CREATETRIGGERupdcheck1BEFOREUPDATEONpassengerticketFOREACHROWBEGIN

IFNEW.TicketNO>60THEN

SETNew.TicketNo=New.TicketNo;ELSESE

TNew.TicketNo=0;ENDIF;

END;

[42]
VivaQuestions:
1. DefineTrigger?
2. Whatarethetypesoftriggers?
3. Whatistheadvantageoftriggerindatabase4.D
efineActive databases?
5.Whenwe applytrigger?
[43]
 Experiment-9
Procedures
Aim:CreationofstoredProceduresandExecutionofProceduresandModificationofProcedures.

Ex1:

CREATEPROCEDUREBUS_PROC1()BEGINSE

LECT*FROMBUS;

END$$

CALLBUS_PROC1()$$

Ex2:
CREATEPROCEDURESAMPLE2()BEGIND
ECLAREXINT(3);SETX=10;
SELECTX;

END$$
Mysql>CALLSAMPLE2()$$

[44]
Ex3:CREATEPROCEDURESIMPLE_PROC(OUTPARAM1INT)BEGINSELEC

TCOUNT(*)INTOPARAM1FROMBUS;

END$$

Mysql>CALLSIMPLE_PROC(@a)$$Mysql>select@a;

[45]
VivaQuestions:

1. WhatdoyoumeanbyProcedure?
2. Whatisstoredproceduresusedindatabases?3.
Whatis storedprocedure?
4. Whataretheadvantageofusing stored procedure?
5. Listdifferenttypesofkeys indbms?

[46]
 EXPERIMENT-
10USAGECURSO
RS

Aim: Declare a cursor that defines a result set. Open the cursor to establish the result
set.Fetch the data into local variables as needed from the cursor, one row at a time. Close
thecursorwhendone.

Cursors
In MySQL, a cursor allows row-by-row processing of the resultsets.Acursor
is used for the result set and returned fromaquery.By usingacursor,you can
iterate,orby step through theresultsofaqueryandperform certain operations on
each row. The cursor allows you to iteratethrough the result set
andthenperformthe additionalprocessing only ontherowsthatrequire it.

In a cursor contains the data in a loop. Cursors may be different

fromSQL commands that operate on allthe rowsinthe returned by
aqueryatonetime.

Therearesomestepswehavetofollow,givenbelow:

□ Declareacursor

□ Openacursorstatement

□ Fetchthecursor

□ Closethecursor

1 .DeclarationofCursor:TodeclareacursoryoumustusetheDECLAREstateme
nt.Withthehelpofthevariables,conditionsandhandlers we need to declare a
cursor before we can use it. first of all we willgive the cursor a name, this is
how we will refer to it later in the procedure.We can have more than one
cursor in a single procedure so its necessary togive it a name that will in some
way tell us what its doing. We then need tospecify the select statement we
want to associate with the cursor. The
SQLstatementcanbeanyvalidSQLstatementanditispossibletouseadynamicwher
eclauseusingvariableorparametersaswehaveseenpreviously.

[47]
 Syntax:DECLAREcursor_nameCURSORFORselect_statement;

2 .Openacursorstatement:Foropenacursorwemustusetheopenstatement
.Ifwewanttofetchrowsfromityoumustopenthecursor.

Syntax:OPENcursor_name;

3 .Cursorfetchstatement:Whenwehavetoretrievethenextrowfromthecurs
orandmovethecursor
tonextrowthenyouneedtofetchthecursor.

Synatx:FETCHcursor_nameINTOvar_name;

Ifanyrowexists,thentheabovestatementfetchesthenextrowandcursorpointermovesah
eadtothe nextrow.

4 .Cursorclosestatement:By thisstatementclosedtheopencursor.

Syntax:CLOSE_name;

By
thisstatementwecanclosethepreviouslyopenedcursor.Ifitisnotclosedexplicitl
y
thenacursorisclosedattheendofcompoundstatementinwhichthatwasdeclared.

Delimiter$$

Create procedure p1(in_customer_id int)

begindeclare v_idint;
declarev_namevarchar(20);declarev_finishedintegerdefault0;
declare c1cursor for select sid,snamefrom studentswhere sid=in_customer_id;
declarecontinuehandlerforNOTFOUNDset v_finished=1;
openc1;std:LOOP
fetchc1intov_id,v_name;ifv_finished=1thenleav
e std; endif;
selectconcat(v_id,v_name);endLOOPstd;clo
se c1;end;

[48]
VivaQuestions:

1. HowCursorusedinDatabase?

2. HowmanytypesofCursorsinMySql?3.H
owtoopenandclosetheCursor?
4.Differentiate Procedure and
Cursor?5.Canyou
passaparametertoaCursor?

[49]
 ADDITIONALPROGRAMMS

EMPLOYEESTABLE

mysql>createtableEmployees(ssnvarchar(15),namevarchar(20),lotint,PRIMARYKEY(ssn));my
sql>insertintoEmployeesvalues('123-22-3666','Attishoo',48);

mysql>insertintoEmployeesvalues('321-31-
5368','Smiley',22);mysql>insertintoEmployeesvalues('131-24-3650','Smethurst',35);

[50]
DEPARTMENTTABLE
mysql> create table Departments(did int,dname varchar(10),budget real,
PRIMARYKEY(did));

mysql> insert into Departments

values(05,'CSE',500000);mysql>insertintoDepartmentsval

ues(04,'ECE',400000);mysql> insert into

Departmentsvalues(03,'ME',300000);mysql>insertintoDep

artmentsvalues(01,'CE',100000);

[51]
 Sailors ,Reserves ,BoatsTables

Mysql>CreatetableSailors(SidintegerPRIMARYKEY,snamevarchar(15),ratingint,agereal);Mys
ql>CreatetableReserves(Sidint,Bidint,DayDate);

Mysql>CreatetableBoats(Bidint,Bnamevarchar(15),Colorvarchar(15);

[52]
mysql>selectS.snamefromsailorsS,reservesRwhereS.sid=R.sidANDR.bid=103;

mysql>selectsnamefromsailorss,ReservesRwhereS.sid=R.sidANDbid=103;mysql>selectR.sidfr
omBoatsB,ReservesRwhereB.bid=R.bidANDB.color='red';

mysql>selectS.snamefromsailorsS,reservesR,BoatsBwhereS.sid=R.sidANDR.bid=B.bidAN
DB.color='red';

mysql>selectB.colorfromSailorsS,ReservesR,BoatsBwhereS.sid=R.sidANDR.bid=B.bidA
NDS.sname='Lubber';

[53]
mysql>selectS.sname,S.rating+1ASratingfromSailorsS,ReservesR1,ReservesR2whereS.sid=R1
.sidANDS.sid=R2.sidANDR1.day=R2.dayANDR1.bid<>R2.bid;

mysql>selectS1.snameASname1,S2.snameASname2fromsailorsS1,sailorsS2where2*S1.rat
ing=S2.rating-1;

[54]
 N,INTERSECT,ANDEXCEPT

1).Findthe namesofsailorswhohavereservedaredoragreenboat.

OR

[54]
2).Findthenamesofsailorswhohavereservedbotharedandagreenboat.SELECTS.SNA

ME

FROMSAILORSS,RESERVESR,BOATSB

WHERE S.SID=R.SID AND R.BID=B.BID AND B.COLOR='red'

INTERSECTSELECTS2.SNAME

FROMSAILORSS2,RESERVESR2,BOATSB2

WHERES2.SID=R2.SIDANDR2.BID=B2.BIDANDB2.COLOR='green';

NESTEDQUERIES

1) FindtheNamesofsailorswhohavereservedboat103

2) FindthenamesofSailorswhohavereservedaredBoat

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3) FindthenamesofSailorswhohaveNOTreservedaredBoat

CorrelatedNestedQueries:

1)FindthenamesofSailorswhohavereservedaredBoat

SetComparisonOperators:

1) FindsailorswhoseratingisbetterthansomesailorcalledHoratio

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2) Findthesailorswiththehighestrating.

mysql>SELECTS.sidFORMSailorsWHERES.rating>=ALL(SELECTS2.ratingFROMSailorsS2
);

TheGROUPBYandHAVINGClauses:

1) Findtheageoftheyoungestsailorforeachratinglevel.

2) Findtheageoftheyoungestsailorwhoiseligibletovoteforeachratinglevelwithatleasttwosuc
hsailors

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3) Foreachredboat,findthenumberofreservationsforthisboat

4) Findtheaverageageofsailorsforeachratinglevelthathasatleasttwosailors

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