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complex_numbers_operations

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COMPLEX NUMBERS

OPERATIONS
.

Department of Electrical Engineering


OUTLINE
 Complex numbers:
 Addition
 Subtraction
 Multiplication
 Division

 Conversion of complex numbers (Cartesian &


polar coordinates)
 Introduction to Matlab

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DEFINITION
 A complex number is a combination of a :
 Real number
12, 4.6, ¾, …. Any number you can think of !
 Imaginary number
Special numbers because …
 The “unit” imaginary number is i, like 1 for real
numbers.

 by simply accepting that i exists we can solve


things that need the square root of a negative
number.
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DEFINITION
 A Complex Number is a combination of a Real
Number and an Imaginary Number

 Examples :
 1+i 39 + 3i 0.8 - 2.2i -2 + πi √2 + i/2

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COMPLEX NUMBER
 So, a Complex Number has a real part and an
imaginary part. But either part can be 0, so all
Real Numbers and Imaginary Numbers are also
Complex Numbers.
Complex Imaginary
Real Part
Number Part
3 + 2i 3 2
5 5 0
-6i 0 -6

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ADDITION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS
 To add two complex numbers we add each
element separately:
(a+bi) + (c+di) = (a+c) + (b+d)i
 Example:

(3 + 2i) + (1 + 7i) = (4 + 9i)

 Subtraction follows the same rule !

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MULTIPLICATION
 Each part of the first complex number gets
multiplied by each part of the second
complex number

(a+bi)(c+di) = ac + adi + bci + bdi2

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EXAMPLE

(3 + 2i)(1 + 7i) = 3×1 + 3×7i + 2i×1+ 2i×7i

= 3 + 21i + 2i + 14i2

= 3 + 21i + 2i - 14 (because i2 = -1)

= -11 + 23i

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DIVISION
 The trick is to multiply both top and
bottom by the conjugate of the bottom.
 A conjugate is where you change the sign in
the middle like this:

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EXAMPLE

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COMPLEX PLANE
 The Real part goes left-right
 The Imaginary part goes up-down

 Example

3 + 4i

11
POLAR PLANE
 the complex number 3 + 4i can also be shown as
distance (5) and angle (0.927 radians).

 How to do the conversion ?

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CONVERSION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS
 Example: the number 3 + 4i

13
INTRODUCTION TO MATLAB

14
REFERENCES
 http://www.mathsisfun.com/numbers/complex-
numbers.html


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