7/27/2019 Solved Problems - Engineering Physics

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Solved Problems

1. Estimate the bond energy for the NaCl molecule as formed from
sodium and chlorine atoms. The interionic equilibrium distance is 236
pm. Born constant is 8. The ionization energy of sodium is 5.14 eV and
electron affinity of chlorine is 3.65 eV.

(Set-2–May 2004), (Set-4–Nov. 2004), (Set-2–May 2003)

−12
Sol: The equilibrium separation of the ions (r0) = 236 pm = 236 × 10
m

The potential energy at this separation is:

[energy released during the formation of molecule from ions]

Ionization energy of Na = 5.14 eV [energy supplied to remove an

electron]

Electron affinity of chlorine = −3.65 eV

[energy released when an electron is added to chlorine atom]

∴ Bonding energy of NaCl molecule = 5.14 eV − 3.65 eV − 6.09 eV

= −4.6 eV

2. The Madelung constant of KCl is 1.75. Its neighbour separation is

0.314 nm. Find the cohesive energy per atom. [Given that the Repulsive
exponent value = 5.77; Ionization energy of potassium = 4.1 eV; Electron
affinity of chlorine = 3.6 eV]

(Set-3, Set-4–May 2008)

Sol: The madelung constant of KCl, A = 1.75

Separation between ion pair, r = 0.314 nm

0

Repulsive exponent value, n = 5.77

Ionization energy of potassium = 4.1 eV

Electron affinity of chlorine = 3.6 eV

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7/27/2019 Solved Problems - Engineering Physics

Cohesive energy per atom

But the energy needed to form ion pair from atoms is equal to

= Ionizational energy of K − electron affinity of Cl

= 4.1 eV − 3.6 eV = 0.5 eV

∴ Total cohesive energy per atom = −3.3171 eV + 0.25 eV = −3.0671 eV

3. Calculate the cohesive energy of NaCl from the following data:

Equilibrium separation between the ion pair = 0.281 nm

Ionization energy of Na = 5.14 eV

Electron affinity of Cl = 3.61 eV

Born repulsive exponent = 9

Madelung constant = 1.748

(Set-4–June 2005)

Sol: The given data are

−9
r0 = 0.281 nm = 0.281 × 10 m

n=9

αM = 1.748

+ −
4. Calculate the potential energy of the system of Na and Cl ions
when they are 0.25 nm apart.

(Set-4–Sept. 2007)
+ ‒
Sol: Separation between Na and Cl ions r−10
= 0.25 nm
0
= 2.5 × 10 m

The expression for P.E. is

P.E. =

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7/27/2019 Solved Problems - Engineering Physics

5. Calculate the cohesive energy

+ of NaCl
− from the given data: The
equilibrium
−28 2separation of Na and Cl ions = 0.281 nm, a = 1.748 ×
10 J-m , n = 9, m = 1.

Sol: Cohesive energy

6. Calculate the cohesive

+ energy
‒ of NaCl, when the equilibrium
separation between Na and Cl ions is 0.281 nm. The ionization energy
of Na atom is 5.14 eV and electron affinity of Cl atom is 3.61 eV.
−9
Sol: Equilibrium separation (r0) = 0.281 nm = 0.281 × 10 m

Ionization energy of Na = 5.14 eV

Electron affinity of Cl = −3.61 eV

Cohesive energy = [5.14 − 3.61 − 5.12] eV = −3.59 eV

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