TYPES OF

LAMPS
&
THEIR
SPECIFICATION
Name- KAHKASHA KAISER
Roll No- 21BAT1013
B ARCH THIRD YEAR (SFS)
TYPES OF ELECTRICALLY POWERED LAPMS

1. INCANDESCENT LAMP
An, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light which produces
light with a filament wire heated to a high temperature by an electric current passing
through it, until it glows (see Incandescence). The hot filament is protected from
oxidation with a glass or quartz bulb that is filled with inert gas or evacuated. In a
halogen lamp, filament evaporation is prevented by a chemical process that redeposit
metal vapour onto the filament, extending its life. The light bulb is supplied with
electrical current by teed-through terminals or wires embedded in the glass. Most bulbs
are used in a socket which provides mechanical support and electrical connections.
SPECIFICATION:
Light is emitted from a tungsten filament operating at a very high temperature inside a glass
bulb
Efficacy :10-20 Lumens/Watt (Typically 13 lm/W for a 100W GLS - General Lighting Service
lamp)
Lamp Life: 1000 hours. (This increases dramatically on reduced voltage)
Colour rendering: Excellent (1A)
Colour Temperature: 2700 K (Warm)
Luminous flux : 470
CRI : 80
Wattage : 40W
Control: Fully dimmable (though a shift to red occurs).
Advantages: Simple, compact, good colour rendering, cheap to install, instant light, no
control gear.
Disadvantage: High running cost, short life, high heat output.
Applications: Domestic and short duration use in commercial and industrial installation.
(e.g. cleaner’s store).
Manufacturing companies : Appleton Electric, Ecopower, Inc., Energy Management
Products, Eraser Company, Glas-Col, Hamamatsu Corporation USA, Heraeus Noblelight,
Leister Technologies, Omega Engineering, Optical Building Blocks Corporation, Solar Light
Company, Sunnex etc.
 2. HALOGEN LAMP
Halogen lamps have a longer lamp life than traditional incandescent lights. Dimmable bulbs
are halogen ones. Low-voltage halogen lights do not require additional control equipment,
much like regular incandescent bulbs; however, they must be powered by a transformer. The
burning position of projector lights, double-ended lamps, and special purpose lighting for
studios is sometimes limited. Certain tungsten halogen lamps need that a protective glass
cover be used when operating.
Because of the lamp's tiny size, focused spread angles and compact luminaire designs are
possible. Halogen lights with low voltage come in a variety of forms and voltages (12/24 V).
In this case as well, options include cool-beam reflector variants, different light and reflector
combinations, and transparent lamps.

SPECIFICATIONS:
These lamps have a tungsten filament and operate on the incandescent principle.
They have a higher operating temp (3000K ) which:
Increases the efficacy.
Improves the quality of light.
Tends to shorten lamp life.
The addition of halogen gas however, more than off-sets the ageing effects of higher
temperature and as a result, the lamp life is doubled.
Efficacy: 15-25 lumens/watt (Typically 20 lm/W for a 300W linear lamp)
Luminous flux : 21500 lm
Lamp Life: 2000 hours
Colour Rendering: Excellent (1A)
Colour Temperature: 3000 K
CRI : 100
Wattage : 1000 W
Control: Fully dimmable (Though a shift to red occurs).
Advantages: Instant, cheap to install, excellent colour rendering.
Disadvantages: High running cost; very hot operation
Applications for Tungsten Halogen Lamps: Security lighting, vehicle lights, short duration
use e.g. T.H. are sometimes used alongside discharge lamps that require a long warm up
time. The T.H. lamps only operate whilst the discharge lamps warm up. These lamps are
particularly sensitive to a change in supply voltage which affects their operating
temperature.
Manufacturing companies : Rhenium Alloys, The David Round Co., Larson Electronics,
Bulbrite, International Light Technologies, Allied Electronics, PIAA Corporation, Ledvance,
Philips, Heraeus Holding GmbH, etc.

3. LOW PRESSURE DISCHARGE LAMPS

Discharge lamps produce light by stimulating gases or metal vapours rather than heating a
filament like incandescent lamps do. This is accomplished by applying voltage between two
electrodes inside a discharge tube that is filled with metal vapour or inert gases. Current is
generated between the two electrodes through the voltage. When the electrons are moving
at a fast enough speed, they hit with gas atoms as they pass through the discharge tube,
which excites the gas molecules to emit light. There is a specific wave-length combination
for each type of gas; radiation, or light, is generated from one or more of these narrow
frequency ranges.
TYPES OF DISCHARGE LAMPS :
• FLUORESCENT LAMPS
The fluorescent light source uses mercury vapour in a low-pressure discharge configuration. It has an electrode at
each end of an extended discharge tube. Inert gas, which ignites readily and regulates the discharge, and a small
quantity of mercury, whose vapour emits UV radiation when excited, make up the gas used to fill the tube. A
fluorescent material deposited on the inner side of the discharge tube uses fluorescence to convert the
ultraviolet light emitted by the lamp into visible light.

SPECIFICATIONS

Efficacy: 40-105 lumens/watt

Luminous flux : 2500lm

Lamp Life: 6,000-12,000 hrs. Assuming a switching frequency of 8 per 24 hrs.

Colour Rendering: Depends on lamp colour.

Colour Temperature: Depends on lamp colour.

CRI : 72

Wattage : 36W

Control: The output of HF lamps is dimmable to about 1% light output though the eye may perceive this as
greater. No shift of colour occurs.

Advantages: High efficacy, good colour rendering and long life

Disadvantages: Efficacy is affected by ambient temp. Max efficacy occurs at 40οC but enclosed luminaires will
operate at a higher temperature.

Applications: Commercial and industrial premises.

Manufacturing companies : Acuity Brands, AFX, Alera Lighting, Amerlux, Barron Lighting Group, Brodwax
Lighting, Columbia Lighting, Delray Lighting, Dreamscape, Eureka, Focal Point, Holophane, JESCO, Kenall
Manufacturing, Nora Lighting, etc.

• HIGH VOLTAGE FLUOROSCENT TUBES

The low-pressure gas discharge mechanism behind high-voltage fluorescent tubes can be
applied to either rare or inert gases, or to a combination of inert gases and mercury
vapour. These lamps require a high voltage to be ignited and operate since their
electrodes are not heated like those in fluorescent lamps. High-voltage tubular lamps are
often operated at voltages lower than 1000 V due to specific requirements pertaining to
installations operating at voltages greater than 1000 V. Nonetheless, highvoltage
discharge lights that operate at more than 1000 V are available.

SPECIFICATIONS

Luminous flux : 2500 lm

Luminous efficacy : 16 lm/W
CT : 6200 K
CRI : 72
Wattage : 36 W
Lifespan : 13000 Hrs
Manufacturing companies : Greenray, R K Lighting India, Shenzhen Forlinkon Technology
Co. Ltd., Triveni Solar Enterprises, etc

4. HIGH PRESSURE DISCHARGE LAMPS

produce light by means of an electric arc between tungsten electrodes housed inside a
translucent or transparent fused quartz or fused alumina (ceramic) arc tube filled with
special gases.

Arc tube can be filled by various types of gases and metal salts.
■ HID lamps are used in industrial high bay applications, gymnasiums, outdoor lighting,
parking decks, street lights.
■ Efficient (up to 150 lumens/watt).
■ Long Life (up to 25,000 hours).
■ Drawback – take up to 15 minutes to come up to full light after power outage.
Types of High Pressure Discharge Lamps:
 • Mercury Vapor (obsolete)
• Sodium Vapor
• Metal Halide
Arc tube contains argon, mercury, and metal halides.
Gives better color temperature and CRI.

5. HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM (SON) LAMPS

As with mercury lamps, increasing the pressure will also increase the spectrum generated by
sodium lamps. A substantially continuous spectrum with improved colour rendering
qualities is obtained when the pressure is high enough. The light generated is yellowish to
warm white with medium to good colour rendering, as opposed to the monochrome yellow
light from low-pressure sodium lamps, which has incredibly poor colour rendering
capabilities. But luminous efficacy suffers as a result of the improved colour rendering.

SPECIFICATIONS

This lamp has a much better colour rendering performance than the low pressure version.
Emphasis is on the red and yellow regions providing a warm “golden yellow” output.
Efficacy: 50-120 Lumens/Watt
Luminous flux : 54800 lm
Lamp Life: 14000 hrs.
Colour Rendering: 1B
CRI : 25
Wattage : 400 W
Colour Temperature: 2000-3000oK
Control: 5 min run up. Can be dimmed to about 40% output.
Advantages: High efficacy with reasonable colour rendering, pleasant warm colour
appearance.
Disadvantages: There is a noticable "colour shift" experienced between an area illuminated
by SON lamps and one using metal halide or fluorescent lamps. Deluxe SON lamps have
improved colour rendering but at the expense of reduced efficacy. “White” Son lamps have
a reduced lamp life (10,000 hrs approx.)
Applications: industrial lighting, Gymnasia, Street Lighting. The plug in Son lamps have the
ignitor built into the lamp. This allows easy upgrading of mercury lamps where there would
be no space for additional components. These lamps would provide a higher illuminance
compared with other discharge lamps for a similar wattage because of their higher efficacy.
Manufacturing companies : McWong International Inc., Shat-R-Shield, Inc., GE CURRENT,
Lapmaster International, LLC, L. A. Woolley Electric, Inc., Philiips, Tonhi Lighting, Taizhou
Qianshun Tech Co, Ltd., Intertech Lighting Industry Enterprises Ltd., Sylvania, JR Lighting,
Ushio Germany GmbH, etc.

6. METAL HALIDE LAMPS

Since metal halide lamps represent an advancement over mercury lamps, they are
functionally and structurally comparable to these lights. They contain a combination of
metal halides in addition to mercury. Halogen compounds have the benefit of melting at a
far lower temperature than pure metals. This implies that metals can also be utilised that
don't release metal vapour when the lamp is on. Excellent luminosity efficiency, superior
colour rendering, and a long nominal bulb life characterise metal halide lamps. These are
incredibly small light sources with easily controllable illumination. However, there is a range
in the colour rendering and temperature of metal halide lamps, and these variations rely on
the age of the lamp as well as the surrounding environment. This is especially apparent in
relation to the warm white lighting.
SPECIFICATIONS

Luminous flux : 42000 lm

Efficacy: 70-90 Lumens/Watt
Lamp Life: 6000 Hours
Colour Rendering: 1A-2
Colour Temperature: 3000-6000 K
CRI : 62
Wattage : 400 W
Control: 2 min run up (5-15 min restarting). Dimming to 40% possible but a shift to blue
occurs.
Advantages: High efficacy combined with good colour rendering.
Disadvantages: Warm up time makes it unsuitable for occupancy on/off control.
Applications: Stadia, factories, commercial interiors, offices - mainly in uplighters.
Manufacturing companies : Topaz A Southwire Company, Kahoku Lighting Solutions
Corporation, ams OSRAM AG, Kanlux, USHIO LIGHTING,INC., Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd., Ushio
America, Inc., etc.

7. LED LAMPS
LED lamps are electric lights that generate light through LEDs & these are extensively more
energy-efficient as compared to incandescent lamps & fluorescent lamps. The commercially
available & most efficient LED lamps have 200 lumens for each watt.

As compared to incandescent lamps, the lifespan of LED lamps is more. These lamps work
through a LED driver circuit to function from power lines. This LED driver circuit needs some
special characteristics to be compatible with lamp dimmers used on incandescent lamps.
Latest Lighting Technology.
■ Invented in 1962.
■ In the past, used as indicator lights, automotive lights, and traffic lights; now being
introduced for indoor and outdoor lighting.
■ LED is a semiconductor technology.
■ Electroluminescence. Electrons recombine with holes in the semiconductor, releasing
photons.
■ Lower energy consumption.
■ Longer lifetime (50,000 to 100,000 hrs).

SPECIFICATIONS :