GENERAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR

SIMPLE TENSES
Present simple

Actions verbs : sleep / eat / dance / start / play / read / run / drink / learn/
watch / speak / wash / cook …………….
Frequency adverbs
Always - usually - often - sometimes – never - hardly ever/ seldom/
occasionally – constanlty/ frequently / rarely

Time expressions used in the present simple

Every day – weekly – monthly – bimonthly – quarterly – semesterly – annually
Two days a week - for days a week - once a week - twice a week - three times a
month

Sentence
Affirmative form of the present simple
Examples
Subject - frequency adverb - verb - complement
Subject - verb – complement - time expressions.

Belen and Grecia usually study English

Belen and Grecia study English four days a week
Belen and Grecia study English from Monday to Thursday.

Belen usually studies English

Belen studies English four days a week
He / She / it

Verbs that end in – e

She / He/ it ---------Makes takes
Verbs that end in – o
Goes does

Verbs that end in sh - ch - x - ce – ge

Washes watches fixes dances changes - manages

Verbs that end in Y

Plays

Studies flies

Verbs that end in any other consonant

Learns - drinks - cooks - works – eats - combs – needs - laughs

I never read newspapers

You ¨ ¨¨ ¨ ¨ ¨
They ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨
We ¨ ¨¨ ¨ ¨ ¨

He never reads newspapers - Marlon never reads newspaper

She ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨¨ - Mary never reads newspaper
Piura has beautiful beaches

EXAMPLES
-She / Rachel never reads books every day.

- He plays soccer five days a week .

- They play soccer three days a week.

- He eats three times a day

You eat three times a day.

Negative form of the present simple - does not ( doesn´t) / do not ( don´t)
Doesn´t ---------- He/ She/ it
Don´t ------------- I/ They / You / We

He doesn´t play soccer five days a week.

Rose never reads newspaper ---------- Rose doesn´t read newspaper.

Belen and Grecia study English four days a week
They don´t study English four days a week.
Examples
She doesn´t read the newspaper.
He doesn´t eat three times a day.
We don´t play in the park.
He doesn´t hang out with friends much.
I don´t dance much.
Mary doen´t cook on Saturdays.

INTERROGATIVE FORM
SHORT QUESTIONS / INFORMATION QUESTION
SHORT QUESTION IN PRESENT SIMPLE
DO / DOES
DOES ---------- He/ She/ it
Do --------------I / they / You/ we
Do/ Does Subject verb complement?

Betty reads the newspaper every day

Do You read the newspaper every day? Yes, I do / No, I don´t
Yes, We do / No, We don´t

Do We read newspapers every day? Yes, We do/ No , We don´t

Yes , You do/ No, You don´t
INFORMATION QUESTIONS

We use the Question words to find information

What? - Who …? - Where …? Which …..? When …….? How….? How much /
How many…….? - Why….?

Michael and his friends play soccer in the park every day.

Who play soccer in the park every day? Answer: Michael and his friends
What do Michael and his friends do in the park every day? They play soccer.
Where do Michael and his friends play soccer every day? They play in the park.
How often do Michael and his friends play soccer in the park? They play every day

Brenda and Tania usually watch horror movies.

-Who usually watch horror movies? Answer: Brenda and Tania
-How often do Brenda and Tania watch horror movies? They usually watch horror
movies
-What do Brenda and Tania usually do? They watch horror movies

Joselyn sometimes eats chicken burgers.

Who often eats chicken burguers? Answer: Joselyn
How often does Joselyn eat chicken burguers? Answer: She sometimes eats chicken
burgers
What does Joselyn sometimes do? She eats chicken burguers

Difference between What / which

What is your name? My name is ……..

Which name is yours Mary or Rachel? ………

What colour do you prefer? I prefer orange

Which colour do you prefer: black , green or pink? I prefer green.

What is your favorite food?

Which jacket do you prefer to shop : the brown or the black one?

What do You like to drink?

Which do you like to drink: lemonade or orange juice?

How

Usain Bolt runs very fast ------- How does Usain Bolt run? He runs very fast
Daniela Dancurt sings excellent--------- How does Daniela Dancurt sing? She sings
excellent
Paolo Guerrero plays football great ------ How does Paolo Guerrero play? He plays
great
Peruvian electors should vote with responsability this Sunday.

How do Peruvian electors should vote this Sunday? They should vote with
responsability.

How do you speak English? I speak very fluent.

How does your mother cook? My mother cooks delicious.
How do you communite with your friends? I communite with them by whatsapp.

How much / How many

How much sugar do you put in your coffee? I put a little sugar.
How much milk is there in the bottle? There is half a litter.

How many students are there in this virtual classroom now?

There are 24 students in this virtual classroom.

How many women are there in this classroom?

There are 12 women.

How many toys do you have?

I have so many toys

How much water do you drink? I drink 4 water bottles a day/ I drink 8 litters of
water a day.

WHY
Mikaela goes to the Gym because She likes to be fit.
Why does Mikaela go to the gym?
Because(Coz) She likes to be fit

Chistopher eats vegetable salads because He is in a diet.

Why does Christopher eat vegetable salads?
Beacause(coz) He is in a diet.

Past simple

Subject verb( past ---- Regular verb in past/ irregular verbs) complement time
expressions used in the past simple

Regular verbs ----- ED

Strong consonants
M / b - v - d( with the tongue) Z d(common) n / l Ge(LL) r / sh Gui/ Gue h
ng W/ Y

Weak consonants
P / f s( spanish) S(common) t ch k

Vebs that have one syllable

Stop ------- Stopped

Beg ------- begged

Verbs with two sylables

Listen ------- listened

Prefer ------- preferred

Verbs that end in Y

Play ------played
Study------ studied

Verbs that end in d / t

Need ------needed
Start ------- started

Verbs that end in any other consonant

Cook ------ Cooked( cukt)
Learn-------learned( lernd)
Clean ------ cleaned( clind)
Dance ------ danced( danzd)
Manage ---- managed( manashd)

IRREGULAR VERBS
Buy bought
Drink drank
Take took
Teach taught
Eat ate
Break broke
Do did
Choose chose
Read read
Run ran
Bring brought
Come came
Subject verb ( regular(ed)/ irregular) complement time expressions used in the
past

time expressions used in the past

-Yesterday - The day before yesterday

- The other day
- last year / last week / last month
- a week ago
- a year ago
- Three years ago
- three days ago
- a long time ago/ a short time ago.
- the last saturday
- the last summer
- in 2020 / 2018

Examples
Affirmative sentences – Past simple
-My father bought a car last year.
-I watched a movie two weeks ago.
- You worked very hard last week.
- I painted my house last weekend.
- I travelled to Lima last year.

Negative sentences

Do did not---- didn´t

My father didn´t buy a car last year.

I didn´t watch a movie two weeks ago.
You didn´t work very hard last week.
I didn´t paint my house last weekend
I didn´t travel to Lima last year.

Interrogative sentences – Past simple

Short questions ---- DidMy father bought a car last year

Did my father buy a car last year? Yes, He did / No, He didn´t
You worked very hard last week.

Did you work very hard last week? Yes, I did / No, I didn´t
Grecia travelled to Lima last year.
Did Grecia travel to Lima last year? Yes, She did/ No, she didn´t
What? Which? When? Where? Who? How? how many? how much? Why?

INFORMATION QUESTION
Grecia travelled to Lima last year.
Who travelled to Lima Last year? A: Grecia
What did Grecia do last year? A: She travelled to Lima
Where did Grecia travel last year? A: To Lima / She travelled to Lima
When did Grecia travel to Lima? A: Last year / She travelled last year

Gissel and rachel watched a movie in Cinema star two weeks ago.
Who watched a movie in the Cinema star two weeks ago? A: Gissel and rachel.
What did Gissel and Rachel do two weeks ago? A: They watched a movie

Where Did Gissel and Rachel watch a movie two weeks ago? A: In the cinema star

When did Gissel and Rachel watch a movie? A: Two weeks ago

Why

People around the world stayed in their houses because of the coronavirus disease
last year .
Why did people around the world stay in their houses last year?
because of the coronavirus disease

Question word did subject verb( base form) complement?

What? Which? When? Where? Who? How? how many? how much? Why?

Where did You go yesterday? I went to the park

What did You eat the day before yesterday? I ate chicken hamburguers

Why did You not eat yesterday?

Why didn´t You eat yesterday? Because(coz) it was fish and I don´t like it

Future simple ------ Will

I ´ll
You´ll
He´ll
She´ll
It´ll
They´ll
We´ll
Zara will

Time expressions used in the future

 - next week / next year / next Friday / next month
- In 2022
- Tomorrow / The day after tomorrow
- Tonight / Today
- This Saturday / On Saturday / On Sunday
- In 3 days / in three months / in three years.

Be going to ---- am going to / is going to/ are going to ---- Be gonna

SPEAKING
I´m gonna
You´re gonna
He´s gonna
She´s gonna
It´s gonna
They´re gonna
We´re gonna

Predictions / possibilities
It will rain today ------It´ll rain Today
It is going to rain Today -----It´s gonna rain today

Arragements

-Jhon is going to meet with some executives of a company in the Marriot Hotel at
3:00 pm

-Kimberly Gonzales is going to go to the Olympic games in Tokyo.

-I´m going to meet with my friends tonight at the discoteck.

-We´re going to wash the plates tonight.

Be going to ----- be plus verb ( ing)

Kimberly Gonazales is going to the Olympic Games in Tokyo

We are washing the plates tonight

Dishes / plates

Future - Negative form

Will not ------ Won´t
It´ll rain Today ------- It won´t rain today.
It is going to rain Today ----- It isn´t going to rain today

What will You do tonight?

What are You going to do Tonight?

Xiomara: I don´t know, maybe, I´ll go out with my friends.

Enrique: Well, I´m going to go out with my friends at the pub at 10:00 pm

Xiomara will go out with her friends tonight

Xiomara won´t go out with her friends tonight.

You´re going to go out with your friends at the pub at 10:00 pm.
You´re not going to go out with your friends at the pub at 10:00 pm.
You aren´t going to

Interrogative --- Future

It´ll rain Today

Will it rain Today? Yes, it will / No, It won´t

Xiomara will go out with her friends tonight

Will Xiomara go out with her friends tonight? Yes, She will/ No, She won´t

Enrique is going to go out with his friends at the pub at 10:00 pm

Is Enrique going to go out with his friends at the pub at 10 pm?

Yes, He is going to
No, He isn´t going to

Kimberly Gonzales is going to the Olympic Games in Tokyo.

SHORT QUESTIONS
Is Kimberly Gonzales going to the Olympic Games in Tokio?
Yes, She´s going to
No, She isn´t going to

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
IS/ AM/ ARE

Paul is responsible in the company

Laura is conscious about the climate change.
Robert is a English teacher
Alejandra is a student
Paolo Guerrero and Jefferson Farfán are soccer players
I´m an architect.
Camila cabello is a singer and She is so beautiful.
Joselyn is 18 years old.
I´m from Canada.

Examples
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
- These flowers are beautiful.
- My mother is a nice person
- Lima is the capital of Peru.

Negative form of the verb to be

- Those flowers aren´t beautiful.
- My mother isn´t a nice person.
- Lima isn´t the capital of Peru.

INTERROGATIVE FORM
SHORT QUESTIONS
Are these flowers beautiful? Yes, They are / No , they aren´t
Is my mother a nice person? Yes, She is / No, She isn´t
Is Lima the capital of Peru? Yes, It is / No, It isn´t.

INFORMATION QUESTION
Lima is the capital of Peru
What is the capital of Peru? Answer: Lima

Sophia is a nice person

Who is a nice person? ANSWER: Sophia

Christopher is from Sullana

Where is Christopher from? He´s from Sullana

Paul is working in a company

Laura is protecting the Peruvian Amazon

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Subject is/ are/ am verb( ing) complement time expressions

Verbs that have one syllable

Stop ----stopping
Run ----- running
Verbs that have two syllables
Listen ------- listening
Begin ------- beginning

Verbs that end in Y

Play ------- playing
Study------ studying
Another verbs
Dance ------- dancing
Go ----------- Going
Talk --------Talking

Verbs that end in ie

Die ------- dying( daing)
Tie ------ tying (taing)

Time expressions
Right now / just now / at the moment

Examples
-I´m writing a poem now.
-We´re listening the English class right now.

- She´s leaving tomorrow morning.

- Students of General studies are taking 6 subjects this semester 2021 in

Senati.

- We are also facing the coronavirus pandemic this year 2021.

- We are taking our subjects by internet this semester.

EXAMPLES
I´m watching Tv right now.
I´m watching a movie with my friends at the Cinema next week.
I´m watching movies these months because I have netflix.
They´re telling Mary What happened yesterday.

My sister is going to the park with her friends right now.

We´re playing soccer in the afternoon.
Christopher and Brayan are studying English at University.

NEGATIVE
I´m watching Tv right now.
I´m not watching Tv right now.

They´re telling Mary What happened yesterday.

 They aren´t telling Mary What happened yesterday.
They´re not telling……………………………………….
My sister is going to the park with her friends right now.
My sister isn´t going to the park with her friends right now.
My sister is not going to ……………………………………

INTERROGATIVE FORM
They´re telling Mary What happened yesterday.
Are They telling Mary what happened yesterday? Yes, They are/ No, They
aren´t
My sister is going to the park with her friends right now.
Is My sister going to the park with her friends right now? Yes, She is/ No She isn´t.
INFORMATION QUESTION

My sister is going to the park with her friends right now.

Where is my sister going to with her friends? A: to the park.

PAST CONTINUOUS

Subject is/are/am verb(ing) complement time expressions

WAS/ WERE
WAS ------ He/ She/ It / I
WERE ------ you / we / they
My sister is going to the park with her friends right now.

My sister was going to the park with her friends that day.

Christopher and Brayan are studying English at University.

They were studying English at University.

Enrique is going to go out with his friends at the pub at 10:00 pm

He was going to go out with his friends at the pub at 10:00 pm.

I´m going to meet with my friends tonight at the discoteck.

I was going to meet with my friends Tonight at the discoteck.

NEGATIVE FORM - PAST CONTINUOUS

Was not ( wasn´t) were not( weren´t ( wornt)
My sister wasn´t going to the park with her friends that day.

-They weren´t studying English at University.

- I wasn´t going to meet with my friends Tonight at the discoteck.

INTERROGATIVE FORM
SHORT QUESTIONS
My sister was going to the park with her friends that day.
Was My sister going to the park with her friends that day? Yes, She was/ No She
wan´t.

They were studying English at University.

Were They studying English at University? Yes, They were/ No, They weren´t.

Michael was going to meet with my friends Tonight at the discoteck.

Was He going to meet with his friends Tonight at the discoteck? Yes, He was going
to / No, He wan´t going to .

Michael and Richard were studying English at University.

INFORMATION QUESTIONS

Who were studying English at University? A: Michael and Richard

What were Michael and Richard doing at University? They were studying
English.

Where were They studying English? A: At university.

Jenny was going to the park with her friends that day.

Where was Jenny going to with her friends that day? A: To the park.
Who was going to the park with her friends that day? A: Jenny.

- These flowers are beautiful. ----

- My mother is a nice person
- Lima is the capital of Peru.

These flowers are beautiful. These flowers were beautiful - These flowers weren
´t beautiful - Were these flowers beautiful? Yes, They were, No, They worn´t

Lucia and Mary were beautiful

Who were beautiful?

FUTURE CONTINUOUS

Will be plus verb ( ing)

Be going to be verb ( ing)

Xiomara will go out with her friends tonight

Xiomara will be going out with her friends tonight.
Enrique is going to go out with his friends at the pub at 10:00 pm
Be going to be verb ( ing)
Enrique is going to be going out with his friends at the pub.

NEGATIVE FORM - FUTURE CONTINUOUS

Xiomara won´t be going out with her friends tonight.

Enrique isn´t going to be going out with his friends at the pub.

INTERROGATIVE FORM

Xiomara will be going out with her friends tonight.

Will xiomara be going out with her friends Tonight? Yes, She will be / No, She won
´t be.

Xiomara will be going out with her friends tonight.

When will Xiomara be going out with her friends? A: Tonight

Enrique is going to be going out with his friends at the pub.

Where is Emrique going to be going out with his friends? A: at the pub.

PERFECT TENSES

PRESENT PERFECT ---- HAVE/ HAS

HAS ---------- He / She / it

HAVE -------I / you / we/ They

We have started the English subject since 3:30 pm.

Belen has studied English since February.

Brayan has cleaned the kitchen

SUBJECT HAVE/HAS PAST PARTICIPLE COMPLEMENT TIME EXPRESSION

I have ----- I´ve( aiv / aiev)

You have --- You´ve ( yuv / yuev)
He has ------- He´s ------------ He´s worked in a company
She has --------- She´s
It has ------------It´s
They have -----They´ve( deiv/ deiev)
We have----- We´ve ( wiv/ wiev)