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Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

Frederick D. Jones, RDCS

Senior Pediatric Echocardiographer
Kentucky Children’s Hospital
Lexington, Kentucky

Thomas R. Kimball, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
Medical Director, Heart Institute
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital
Cincinnati, Ohio

John P. Kovalchin, MD
Director of Echocardiography
Director of Advanced Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging Fellowship
The Heart Center
Nationwide Children’s Hospital
Professor of Pediatrics
The Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio

Robert Lichtenberg, MD
Heart Care Centers of Illinois
Berwyn, Illinois

Steven E. Lipshultz, MD, FAAP, FAHA

Schotanus Family Endowed Chair of Pediatrics
Professor and Chair, Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics
Professor of Medicine (Cardiology), Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Molecular
Biology and Genetics, Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, and Pharmacology
Wayne State University School of Medicine
President, University Pediatricians
Pediatrician-in-Chief
Children’s Hospital of Michigan
Interim Director
Children’s Research Center of Michigan
Detroit, Michigan

Leo Lopez, MD, FACC, FAAP, FASE

Director of Pediatric Cardiac Noninvasive Imaging
Children’s Hospital at Montefiore
Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
New York, New York

Joseph Mahgerefteh, MD
Pediatric Cardiology Division
The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
New York, New York

Joseph J. Maleszewski, MD
Associate Professor of Pathology and Medicine
College of Medicine
Consultant, Divisions of Anatomic Pathology and Cardiovascular Diseases
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

Colin J. McMahon, MB, BCh, DCH, FRCPI, FAAP

Consultant Pediatric Cardiologist
Our Lady’s Hospital for Sick Children
Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland

Shaji C. Menon, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Adjunct Assistant Professor of Radiology
Department of Pediatric Cardiology
University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah

Luc Mertens, MD, PhD

Professor in Pediatrics
The University of Toronto
Section Head, Echocardiography
The Hospital for Sick Children
Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Erik C. Michelfelder, MD
Director, Fetal Heart Program
Co-Director, Cardiac Imaging
The Heart Institute
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
Professor of Pediatrics
University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
Cincinnati, Ohio
Fletcher A. Miller, Jr., MD, FASE, FACC, FAHA
Professor of Medicine
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Consultant
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

L. LuAnn Minich, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Pediatric Cardiology
University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah

Jae K. Oh, MD
Professor of Medicine
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

Patrick W. O’Leary, MD, FACC, FASE

Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine
Divisions of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiovascular Diseases
College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

Angira Patel, MD, MPH

Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Pediatric Cardiology
Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois

Sabrina Phillips, MD, FACC, FASE

Consultant
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

Ricardo H. Pignatelli, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Texas Children’s Hospital
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas
Joseph T. Poterucha, DO
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Pediatric Cardiology
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Rochester, Minnesota

Muhammad Yasir Qureshi, MBBS

Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Pediatric Cardiology
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Rochester, Minnesota

Bernadette Richards, RDCS

Technical Director
Echocardiography Department
Nationwide Children’s Hospital
Columbus, Ohio

Ritu Sachdeva, MD, MBBS, FACC, FAAP

Associate Professor
Emory University School of Medicine
Director, Cardiovascular Imaging Research Core
Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta
Sibley Heart Center
Atlanta, Georgia

Amy H. Schultz, MD, MS

Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
University of Washington School of Medicine
Attending Physician
Division of Cardiology
Seattle Children’s Hospital
Seattle, Washington

Girish S. Shirali, MBBS, FACC, FASE

Melva and Randall L. O’Donnell, PhD Chair in Pediatric Cardiology
Division Director, Cardiology
Co-Director
The Ward Family Heart Center
The Children’s Mercy Hospital and Clinics
Professor, Department of Pediatrics
University of Missouri, Kansas City
Kansas City, Missouri
John M. Simpson, MD, FRCP, FESC
Professor of Paediatric and Fetal Cardiology
Department of Congenital Heart Disease
Evelina Children’s Hospital
London, United Kingdom

Jeffrey F. Smallhorn, MBBS, FRACP, FRCP(C)

Professor
Department of Pediatrics
University of Alberta
Stollery Children’s Hospital
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Brian D. Soriano, MD, FASE

Associate Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Adjunct Associate Professor
Department of Radiology
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle Children’s Heart Center
Seattle, Washington

Ronald Springer, BS, RDCS

Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

Nathaniel W. Taggart, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Consultant, Division of Pediatric Cardiology
Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

Lloyd Y. Tani, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
Division Chief, Pediatric Cardiology
University of Utah School of Medicine
Co-Director, Heart Center
Primary Children’s Medical Center
Salt Lake City, Utah

Dongngan T. Truong, MD
Pediatric Cardiology Fellow
Department of Pediatrics
University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah

Himesh V. Vyas, MD
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida

Luciana T. Young, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Director, Echocardiography Laboratory
Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois

Robert Young, BA, RDCS

Cardiac Sonographer
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
T he 2nd edition of Echocardiography in Pediatric and Adult Congenital
Heart Disease is dedicated to William D. Edwards, M.D., the congenital
cardiac pathologist at Mayo Clinic for the last 34 years. Bill will be retiring
from Mayo at the end of 2014. Over his career Bill made tremendous
contributions to the field of congenital cardiology. He was the recipient of
numerous teaching awards and he participated in the publication of over 250
peer-reviewed manuscripts. He authored numerous book chapters and co-
edited, in 1987, the original congenital echocardiography textbook when he
teamed with Drs. A. Jamil Tajik, James Seward, and Donald Hagler.
Although Bill made numerous contributions to the literature, those who had
the privilege to work with him at Mayo Clinic know that his greatest
contributions were in education and mentorship. Bill is one of the most
delightful lecturers and has the gift to make any topic interesting. One of his
most recent contributions “A Light-Hearted Look …” had his usual mix of
rigorous anatomic detail and humor (see figures on the next page). He is able
to distill very logical and straightforward messages from complex anatomic
details and nomenclature.
Bill Edwards instilled in many echocardiographers the mantra of
describing what one sees in precise and accurate detail with simple jargon.
He is not a disciple of “tombstone medicine” whereby one loosely utilizes
jargon which many times is an uninterpretable code. Bill spent much of his
career crafting echocardiographers into noninvasive junior pathologists.
Many of the pathology images included in the 1st and 2nd editions of this
textbook are from the extensive image library that Bill created over decades
of devotion to this field. Frequently, our task in the echocardiography
laboratory is to create images which accurately reflect Bill’s pathologic
specimens. This exercise enhanced our imaging skills and our understanding
of the patient’s anatomy and physiology. In this way, Bill impacted the
clinical practice on a daily basis.
We are indebted to Bill for his friendship, professionalism and talent. He
understood 3½ decades ago the importance of transitioning from “bench to
bedside.” Through Bill’s detailed work on anatomic specimens, he improved
the clinical acumen of many cardiologists. Included in this preface are some
images from Bill’s famous talks. Bill is renowned for his analogies: why a
right ventricle is like a strawberry (see figures on the next page), why an
atrioventricular septal defect looks like Batman, why it is an “illustration” or
a “diagram” and not a “cartoon.”
Thank you, Bill. Your decades of devotion to the field of congenital
cardiac imaging are on display in this textbook. It would have been
impossible to produce this text without your tireless efforts.

Ben Eidem, Pat O’Leary, Frank Cetta

Visit https://ebooksecure.com
now to explore a rich
collection of ebook and enjoy
exciting offers!
 To Jori, Katie, Gannon, and Matthew for all of your love and support. —
BWE
Cate, Mike, and Matt Cetta, thanks for the sacrifices you have made for my
career. You guys are stars! —FC
To my mentors, patients, and, most of all, my family. Thank you for the
examples you have provided, the patience you have shown, and the love you
have given. —PWO
The editors would like to sincerely thank Mark Zangs and Jeff Stelley for
their significant efforts in the preparation of many of the figures and videos
throughout this textbook.
Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Principles of Cardiovascular Ultrasound
Robert Young and Patrick W. O’Leary

2 Practical Issues Related to the Examination, Anatomic

Image Orientation, and Segmental Cardiovascular
Analysis
Edmund Gillis, Ronald Springer, and Patrick W. O’Leary

3 Quantitative Methods in Echocardiography—Basic

Techniques
Benjamin W. Eidem and Patrick W. O’Leary

4 Quantitative Methods in Echocardiography—Advanced

Techniques for the Assessment of Ventricular Function
Javier Ganame and Luc Mertens

5 Anomalies of the Pulmonary and Systemic Venous

Connections
Frank Cetta and Naser M. Ammash

6 Abnormalities of Atria and Atrial Septation

Allison K. Cabalka

7 Atrioventricular Septal Defects

Joseph T. Poterucha, Joseph J. Maleszewski, Patrick W. O’Leary, and Frank
Cetta

8 Ebstein’s Malformation and Tricuspid Valve Diseases

Patrick W. O’Leary
 9 Echocardiographic Assessment of Mitral Valve
Abnormalities
Timothy Colen and Jeffrey F. Smallhorn

10 Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great

Arteries
Michael G. Earing, Nancy A. Ayres, and Frank Cetta

11 Ventricular Septal Defects

Sarah Gelehrter and Gregory Ensing

12 Univentricular Atrioventricular Connections

Shaji C. Menon and Allison K. Cabalka

13 Abnormalities of Right Ventricular Outflow

Erik C. Michelfelder and William L. Border

14 Abnormalities of Left Ventricular Outflow

Leo Lopez and Joseph Mahgerefteh

15 Tetralogy of Fallot
Himesh Vyas, Jennifer Johnson and Benjamin W. Eidem

16 d-Transposition of the Great Arteries

Amy H. Schultz and Brian D. Soriano

17 Double-Outlet Right and Left Ventricles

Donald J. Hagler

18 Truncus Arteriosus
Bernadette Richards, Frederick D. Jones, and John P. Kovalchin

19 Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Aortopulmonary Window

Ritu Sachdeva

20 Abnormalities of the Aortic Arch

Angira Patel and Luciana T. Young

21 Marfan Syndrome: Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection

Crystal R. Bonnichsen and Heidi M. Connolly

22 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Patrick W. O’Leary
23 Additional Cardiomyopathies
Colin J. McMahon and Ricardo H. Pignatelli

24 Pericardial Disorders
Martha Grogan and Jae K. Oh

25 Systemic Diseases
Muhammad Yasir Qureshi and Steven E. Lipshultz

26 Vascular Abnormalities
Michele A. Frommelt and Peter C. Frommelt

27 Cardiac Tumors
Joseph J. Maleszewski and Frank Cetta

28 Evaluation of the Transplanted Heart

Jonathan N. Johnson

29 Pulmonary Hypertension
Peter Bartz and Stuart Berger

30 Echocardiography in the Diagnosis and Management of

Endocarditis
Dongngan T. Truong, L. LuAnn Minich and Lloyd Y. Tani

31 Evaluation of Prosthetic Valves

Sabrina Phillips, Fletcher Miller and Frank Cetta

32 Fetal Echocardiography
John M. Simpson and Lindsey E. Hunter

33 Three-Dimensional Echocardiography in Congenital

Heart Diseases
Girish S. Shirali

34 Stress Echocardiography
Thomas R. Kimball

35 Intracardiac and Intraoperative Transesophageal

Echocardiography
Donald J. Hagler
36 Interventional Echocardiography in Congenital Heart
Disease
Nathaniel W. Taggart

37 Echocardiographic Assessment of Mechanical

Circulatory Support
Jonathan N. Johnson and Meryl S. Cohen

38 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and Computed

Tomographic Imaging in Congenital Heart Disease
Muhammad Yasir Qureshi, Crystal R. Bonnichsen, and Nandan S. Anavekar

39 Evaluation of the Adult with Transposition after

Atrial or Arterial Switch Operations
Frank Cetta, David J. Driscoll and Benjamin W. Eidem

40 Tetralogy of Fallot with Pulmonary Regurgitation

Naser M. Ammash

41 Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Functionally

Univentricular Heart after Fontan “Operation”
Sabrina D. Phillips and Patrick W. O’Leary

42 Eisenmenger Syndrome
Robert C. Lichtenberg and Frank Cetta
 chocardiography has revolutionized the diagnostic approach to patients
E with congenital heart disease. A comprehensive cardiovascular ultrasound
imaging and hemodynamic evaluation is the initial diagnostic test used in the
assessment of any congenital cardiac malformation. Since echocardiography
became a part of clinical practice in the 1970s, the technology used for
cardiac imaging has been in a nearly constant state of change. New
techniques have been introduced at an increasingly rapid pace, especially
since the 1990s. In this chapter, we will review the basic physical properties
of ultrasound and the primary modalities used in clinical imaging. These
discussions will provide an important foundation that will allow us to
understand the more advanced methods of imaging and functional
assessment, which will be covered in more detail later.

WHAT IS ULTRASOUND?
Diagnostic ultrasound generates images of internal organs by reflecting sound
energy off the anatomic structures being studied. An ultrasound imaging
system is designed to project sound waves into a patient and detect the
reflected energy, then converting that energy into an image on a video screen.
The types of sound waves used are given the name “ultrasound” because the
frequencies involved are greater than the frequencies of sound that can be
detected by the human ear. The average human ear can respond to
frequencies between 20 and 20,000 Hz. Therefore, it stands to reason that
ultrasound waves have frequencies greater than 20,000 Hz. In clinical
practice, most imaging applications actually require frequencies in excess of
1 MHz. Current cardiac imaging systems have the ability to produce
ultrasound beams varying between 2 and 12 MHz. A typical diagnostic
ultrasound system consists of a central processing unit (CPU), the video
image display screen, a hard drive for storage of the digital images, and a
selection of transducers. The transducers both transmit and receive ultrasound
energy.

Some Definitions

■ Sound wave: Series of cyclical compressions and rarefactions of the

medium through which the wave travels (Fig. 1.1).
■ Cycle: One alternation from peak compression through rarefaction and
back to peak compression in a sound wave.
■ Wavelength (λ): Distance from one peak (or trough) of the wave to the
next (one complete cycle of sound).
■ Velocity (v): Speed with which sound travels through a medium. The
ultrasound propagation velocity in human tissue is 1540 m/s.
■ Period (p): Time duration required to complete one cycle of sound.
■ Amplitude (A): Magnitude of the sound wave, representing the maximum
change from baseline to the peak of compression or a rarefaction in a
cycle.
■ Frequency (f): Number of sound cycles occurring in 1 second.
■ Power: Rate at which energy is transferred from the sound wave to the
medium. This is related to the square of the wave amplitude.
■ Fundamental or carrier frequency (f0): Frequency of the transmitted sound
wave.
■ Harmonic frequency (fx): Sound waves that are exact multiples of the
carrier frequency. The first harmonic frequency is twice the frequency of
the carrier wave.
■ Bandwidth: Range of frequencies that a piezoelectric crystal can produce
and/or respond to.

Figure 1.1. Graphic depiction of a sound wave. The portions of the wave above the
dashed baseline represent compression of the medium by the energy in the wave.
Conversely, the portions of the wave shown below the baseline represent rarefaction. The
portion of the wave that lies between one peak and the next, or one valley and the next, is
referred to as the period. Wavelength is the distance covered by one period. Amplitude (A)
refers to the maximum change from baseline caused by the wave (by either compression or
rarefaction).

IMAGE GENERATION
Diagnostic ultrasound imaging relies on the ability of high-frequency sound
waves to propagate (travel) through the body and be partially reflected back
toward the sound source by target tissues within the patient (Fig. 1.2). The
imaging system generates the imaging beam by electrically exciting a number
of piezoelectric crystals contained within a transducer. The imaging beam is
then focused and projected into the patient. As the ultrasound beam travels
through the patient, some of the energy will be scattered into the surrounding
tissue (attenuation), and some will be reflected back toward the source by the
structures in the beam’s path. These reflected waves will provide the
information used to create images of the internal organs. This is the same
imaging strategy used in sonar technology to detect objects below the water’s
surface. The intensity (amplitude) of the reflected energy wave is
proportional to the density of the reflecting tissue (see later). The reflected
ultrasound energy induces vibrations in the transducer crystals and an electric
current is created. This current is sensed by the CPU and converted into a
video image.
The ultrasound image generation is based primarily on the amount of
energy contained in the reflected wave and the time between transmission of
the ultrasound pulse and detection of the reflected waves by the transducer
crystals. The interval between transmission and detection of the reflected
waves is referred to as “time of flight.” The depth at which the ultrasound
image is displayed is determined by this time interval. Reflections from
structures in the far field take longer to return to the transducer than do
reflections from objects close to the sound source. This time interval is
sensed by the CPU and directly converted into distance from the sound
source based on the speed of ultrasound propagation within tissue.
The energy contained within the reflected waves is related to the
amplitude of those waves. The amplitude of the reflected waves can be
measured based on the amount of electric current produced by the receiving
crystals. The brightness of the image created by the ultrasound system is
determined by the amplitude of the reflected waves. Bodily fluids, such as
blood, effusions, and ascites, will transmit nearly all of the energy contained
within the imaging beam. Because there is little reflected energy, these areas
are displayed as black (or nearly black) on the imaging screen. Air is not
dense enough to allow transmission of sound frequencies in the ultrasound
range. Therefore, all of the imaging energy present in the beam will be
reflected at an air–tissue interface, such as at the edge of a pneumothorax or
of the normal lung. This nearly 100% reflection is translated into a very
bright (usually white) representation on the imaging screen. Other very dense
tissues, like bone, will also reflect virtually all of the energy and be displayed
as very bright echo returns. Structures beyond these very bright “echoes”
cannot be displayed, because no ultrasound energy reaches them. These areas
are often referred to as acoustic shadows. Fat, muscle, and other tissues will
transmit some of the imaging beam and reflect a fraction of the sound wave.
The amount reflected is related to the density of the tissue, and the amount of
returning energy sensed by the crystals in the transducer will determine how
brightly an image will be displayed on the video screen.

Figure 1.2. Ultrasound transducer transmitting a plane of ultrasound through a

heart in a parasternal, sagittal, or long-axis plane (left). The myocardial and valvar
structures reflect the ultrasound energy back to the transducer. The crystals within the
transducer detect the returning energy, and the processors within the ultrasound system
quantitate the intensity of the reflected waves and the time required for the ultrasound
energy to travel from the transducer to the reflector and back. The intensity of the returning
signal determines the brightness of the display (right), and the time defines the depth at
which the signal is displayed. The central processing unit filters and then converts this
Other documents randomly have
different content
The Project Gutenberg eBook of Fifty
Christmas poems for children
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.

Title: Fifty Christmas poems for children

An anthology selected by Florence B. Hyett

Compiler: Florence B. Hyett

Release date: January 5, 2024 [eBook #72625]

Language: English

Original publication: New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1923

Credits: Bob Taylor, Charlene Taylor and the Online Distributed

Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file
was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FIFTY

CHRISTMAS POEMS FOR CHILDREN ***
FIFTY CHRISTMAS POEMS
FOR CHILDREN
 FIFTY CHRISTMAS
POEMS FOR
CHILDREN

AN ANTHOLOGY SELECTED BY
FLORENCE B. HYETT

Why do the bells of Christmas ring?

Why do little children sing?
Eugene Field

D. APPLETON AND COMPANY

NEW YORK MCMXXIII
 COPYRIGHT, 1923, BY
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The Compiler expresses her thanks to Authors and Publishers for

the use of poems in this volume and acknowledges her
indebtedness.
The woodcut on the Cover of this book is reproduced by kind
permission of the artist, Mr. C. T. Nightingale.
INDEX OF AUTHORS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
PAGE
Anonymous
Old Carol 11
Shepherd’s Song 19
The Cherry-Tree Carol 20
The Holly and the Ivy 41
I Saw Three Ships 60
When Christ Was Born 47
Yule-Tide Fires 51
Bain, C.
In the Night 30
Belloc, Hilaire
The Birds 23
Noël 62
Blake, William
A Cradle Song 22
The Lamb 15
Canton, William
Carol 18
Chesterton, G. K.
A Christmas Carol 37
Cole, Charlotte Druitt
Christmas Eve 24
Crashaw, Richard
Verses from The Shepherd’s Hymn 65
De La Mare, Walter
Before Dawn 43
Field, Eugene From The Complete Poems of
Eugene Field (Copyright, 1910, by Julia S.
Field. Published by Charles Scribner’s
Sons)
Song 16
Star of the East 49
Farjeon, Eleanor
Six Green Singers 52
Gales, R. L.
Three Christmas Songs 26
I. The Guests
II. Cockadoodledoo
III. A Childermas Rhyme
Waiting for the Kings 34
In Præsepio 46
Hardy, Thomas
The Oxen 59
Herrick, Robert
A Christmas Carol 58
An Ode of the Birth of Our Saviour 57
To His Saviour, A Child; A Present from a
56
Child
King, Edith
The Holly 17
Luther, Martin
Cradle Hymn 28
Macdonald, George
A Christmas Prayer 25
Christmas Day and Every Day 13
The Christmas Child 14
That Holy King 54
Meynell, Alice
Unto Us a Son Is Given 64
Middleton, Richard
The Carol of the Poor Children 48
Milton, John
From the “Hymn on the Morning of Christ’s 66
Nativity”
Nightingale, M.
Mary Had a Little Lamb 32
The Waits 44
Rossetti, Christina
A Christmas Carol 50
Southwell, Robert
Behold a Silly Tender Babe 36
Tabb, John Banister
The Lamb-Child 12
Tennyson, Alfred From In Memoriam
The Bells 68
Thompson, Francis
Ex Ore Infantium 38
Tynan, Katharine
A Song of Christmas 40
Bethlehem 33
Watts, Isaac
A Cradle Hymn 42
Young, E. Hilton
Christmas 55
OLD CAROL

E came all so still

Where His mother was,
As dew in April
That falleth on the grass.

He came all so still

To His mother’s bower,
As dew in April
That falleth on the flower.

He came all so still

Where His mother lay,
As dew in April
That falleth on the spray.

Mother and maiden

Was never none but she;
Well may such a lady
God’s mother be.

Anonymous
THE LAMB CHILD

HEN Christ the Babe was born,

Full many a little lamb
Upon the wintry hills forlorn
Was nestled near its dam:

And, waking or asleep,

Upon His Mother’s breast,
For love of her, each mother-sheep
And baby-lamb He blessed.

John Banister Tabb

CHRISTMAS DAY AND EVERY DAY

TAR high
Baby low:
’Twixt the two
Wise men go;
Find the baby,
Grasp the star—
Heirs of all things
Near and far!

George Macdonald
THE CHRISTMAS CHILD

ITTLE one, who straight hast come

Down the heavenly stair,
Tell us all about your home,
And the father there.”

“He is such a one as I

Like as like can be.
Do his will, and, by and by,
Home and him you’ll see.”

George Macdonald
THE LAMB

ITTLE lamb, who made thee?

Dost thou know who made thee,
Gave thee life, and bade thee feed
By the stream and o’er the mead;
Gave thee clothing of delight,
Softest clothing, woolly, bright;
Gave thee such a tender voice,
Making all the vales rejoice?
Little lamb, who made thee?
Dost thou know who made thee?

Little lamb, I’ll tell thee;

Little lamb, I’ll tell thee;
He is callèd by thy name,
For He calls Himself a lamb;
He is meek and He is mild,
He became a little child.
I a child and thou a lamb,
We are callèd by His name.
Little lamb, God bless thee!
Little lamb, God bless thee!

William Blake
SONG

HY do the bells of Christmas ring?

Why do little children sing?

Once a lovely shining star,

Seen by shepherds from afar,
Gently moved until its light
Made a manger’s cradle bright.

There a darling baby lay,

Pillowed soft upon the hay;
And its mother sung and smiled:
“This is Christ, the holy Child!”

Therefore bells for Christmas ring,

Therefore little children sing.

Eugene Field
THE HOLLY

OW happy the holly-tree looks, and how strong,

Where he stands like a sentinel all the year long.

Neither dry summer heat nor cold winter hail

Can make that gay warrior tremble or quail.

He has beamed all the year, but bright scarlet he’ll glow
When the ground glitters white with the fresh fallen snow.

Edith King
CAROL

HEN the herds were watching

In the midnight chill,
Came a spotless lambkin
From the heavenly hill.

Snow was on the mountains,

And the wind was cold,
When from God’s own garden
Dropped a rose of gold.

When ’twas bitter winter,

Houseless and forlorn
In a star-lit stable
Christ the Babe was born.

Welcome, heavenly lambkin,

Welcome, golden rose;
Alleluia, Baby
In the swaddling clothes!

William Canton
SHEPHERD’S SONG

S I rode out this enderes’ night,

Of three jolly shepherds I saw a sight
And all about their fold a star shone bright;
They sang, Terli, terlow;
So merrily the shepherds their pipes can blow.

Down from heaven, from heaven so high,

Of angels there came a great company.
With mirth, and joy, and great solemnity
They sang, Terli, terlow;
So merrily the shepherds their pipes can blow.

Old Song