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Lesson-3-Carbon-0-its-Compounds

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Lesson-3-Carbon-0-its-Compounds

Uploaded by

Jeoferson Jose Valdez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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General

Chemistry for Engineers


Carbon & its
Compounds
LEARNING CONTENTS

Organic
Compounds:
Hydrocarbons Organic
Compounds:
Functional
Groups
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Differentiate the three


types of Hydrocarbons

Familiarize the Identify uses of the


different functional different organic
groups compounds
What do you know about
carbon?

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01
Organic Compounds:
Hydrocarbons
Observe and analyze the structural
formula of the following compounds
What are your observations on
their compositions and their
respective structures?
A hydrocarbon is a compound composed of
only carbon and hydrogen atoms and is
considered as one of the major groups of
organic compounds.
HYDROCARBONS
Types depending on the bond it posses

Alkane Alkene Alkyne


These types of hydrocarbons differ from one another
depending on the types of bond that they possess.

Alkane Alkene Alkyne


01
General Classes of
Hydrocarbons
Alkanes (CnH2n+2) - are aliphatic, saturated
hydrocarbons and has only single carbon-
carbon bonds in the molecule. (simplest
hydrocarbons)
Prefix represents the number of carbons present in a compound
IUPAC (International Union of Pure
and Applied Chemistry)

Naming hydrocarbons depends on the


number of carbons and type of bonds
present on the given compound.
We use the combination of prefix and
suffix.
Alkenes (CnH2n) also called as olefins. These
are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at
least one carbon-carbon double bond.
Figure 3. Short chain alkenes
3-decane
Alkynes (CnH2n-2) - contain at least one carbon-
carbon triple bond, hence unsaturated.
3-Hexyne
Figure 4. Short chain alkynes
TYPES OF
HYDROCARBONS
ALKANE ALKENE ALKYNE
Type of bond Single bond Double bond Triple bond
General CnH2n+2 CnH2n CnH2n-2
Formula
For us to determine the chemical formula of a
certain Hydrocarbon compounds, we will simply
based it on the number of carbons given on the
situation
Example:
We want to determine the chemical formula of a
certain compound in its Alkane, Alkene and Alkyne
form but the only given on this situation is the
number of carbons.
Take note!

The number of carbons in a given situation


is always denoted/represented with small
letter ‘n’.
Basic steps in writing/ identifying
chemical formula of a hydrocarbon
compound:

1. We need to determine the number of carbons


(n) given on the situation.
2. We will use the general formula for the type of
hydrocarbon ( alkane, alkene and alkyne) which
is being asked.
What are the general formula of the three
types of Hydrocarbons?

ALKANE ALKENE ALKYNE


General CnH2n+2 CnH2n CnH2n-2
Formula
Write the chemical formula in alkane, alkene,
alkyne form of a compound containing 6
carbons.
1. Find the chemical formula in alkane form of 6
carbon compound.
General formula: CnH2n+2
C6H2(6)+2
C6H14
Write the chemical formula in alkane, alkene,
alkyne form of a compound containing 6
carbons.
2. Find the chemical formula in alkene form of 6 carbon
compound.
General formula: CnH2n
C6H2(6)
C6H12
Write the chemical formula in alkane, alkene,
alkyne form of a compound containing 6
carbons.
3. Find the chemical formula in alkyne form of 6 carbon
compound.
General formula: CnH2n-2
C6H2(6)-2
C6H10
Write the chemical formula in alkane, alkene,
alkyne form of a compound containing 6
carbons.
3. Find the chemical formula in alkyne form of 6 carbon
compound.
General formula: CnH2n-2
C6H2(6)-2
C6H10
Naming straight chain
Always remember that suffix represents the
type of bonds present in compound.

ALKANE Single bond “ane”


ALKENE Double bond “ene”
ALKYNE Triple bond “yne”
Prefix represents the number of carbons present in a compound
IUPAC (International Union of Pure
and Applied Chemistry)

Naming hydrocarbons depends on the


number of carbons and type of bonds
present on the given compound.
We use the combination of prefix and
suffix.
Give the name of a 8 carbon
compound in alkane, alkene, alkyne
Give the name of a 10 carbon
compound in alkane, alkene, alkyne
Give the name of a 9 carbon
compound in alkane, alkene, alkyne
Hydrocarbons are the most
widely-used organic compound.
They are generally used a fuel for
combustion. The combustion of
hydrocarbons generates large
quantities of heat to be used to
generate electricity in our houses.
Hydrocarbons also serve as raw
materials for the production of a wide
range of organic chemicals, which
in turn are used for products such as
plastics, pharmaceuticals, and
explosives. These are some uses of
hydrocarbons in our society.
MR. MIKE CHRISTIAN A. CORTEZ, LPT

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