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applied physics

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2 views

applied physics

Uploaded by

muhammadhashmi27
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Capacitor and Supercapacitor

PR ESENTED BY: M USKAN CHAUDHAR Y


Types of capacitors:

1.Electrolytic capacitor
2.Paper capacitor
3.Mica capacitor
4.Fixed capacitor
5.Ceramic capacitor
Electrolytic capacitor:
• It is a type of fixed capacitor

• Conducting material: Metal Foil

• Dielectric: Metal Oxide

• Electrolytic capacitor can store maximum number of charges which means they have large value
of capacitance
Paper
capacitor:
• It is also a type of fixed capacitor

• It is cylindrical in shape

• Conducting material: Aluminium foil

• Dielectric : oil , greased paper or


thin plastic sheet

• Paper capacitor is firmly rolled in the


form of cylinder and then enclosed
in plastic case
Mica capacitor:
• It is a type of fixed capacitor

• It is mostly in oval shape

• Conducting material: Metal plates

• Dielectric : Mica sheet

• It is firmly enclosed in a case of insulator


Film capacitor:
• Generally called film caps and power film capacitors

• Conducting material: metal contact layer

• Dielectric: insulating plastic film


Ceramic capacitor:
• It is constructed of two or more alternating layers of ceramic

• Dielectric: ceramic material

• Metal layer act as electrode


SUPER
CAPACITORS
WORKING:
ELECTROLYTE is a substance absorbed in polar
solvent like water which contains both cation and
anions which form a conduction solution.When
we apply voltage electrolyte splits into cation and
anions.After spliting,negatively charged ions
move towards positively charged current
collector surface and gathered at the interface of
electrode and electrolyte and to balance charge
positive charges are absorbed inside the
electode material.Similarly,on the other
side.Now, depending on the nature of electode
material ions pass through the material and get
absorbed which contributes more capacitance to
the total amount.For good results, electrode
material must be porous and have high electrical
conducivity .
TYPES OF
SUPERCAPACITORS:

• Electric double layer capacitor


(EDLC)

• Electrochemical pseudocapacitor

• Hybrid capacitor
ELECTRIC DOUBLE
LAYER CAPACITOR:

Here we see that two capacitors are


formed in series these are called
Electric double layer capacitors.
So,EDLC stores energy using
seperation of charge in double
layer.This is the first kind of storage
principle.
ELECTROCHEMICAL
PSEUDOCAPACITOR:
It is the 2nd storage principle.It is due
to faradic redox reactions which
involves transfer of charges between
electrode and
electrolyte.Generally,when oxygen and
nitrogen is present inside the material
oxidation and reduction results in extra
value of capacitance which is called
pseudocapacitance.
HYBRID CAPACITOR:
• Another type of supercapacitor is hybrid capacitor.They are typically designed using a positive
electrode made of activated carbon immersed in liquid electrolyte similar to the salt solution
found in Li-ion batteries.
Thankyou

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