Scribd
Upload
2 views

Week-1-2_LM-2_The-Scientific-Method-1

Uploaded by

cyrusleecarillo30
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

Week-1-2_LM-2_The-Scientific-Method-1

Uploaded by

cyrusleecarillo30
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

The Scientific Method: Application to Research

STS 1st Semester, SY 2024-2025


CONTENTS

1 Objectives
4 Steps to Scientific Method

2 Concepts
5 Research process

3 Characteristics of Scientific Method


6 Limitations of Scientific Method
To know the
limitations
To articulate on the of the
impacts of Scientific Scientific
Method to the Method
growth and To understand
development of the concept,
Science and characteristics
Technology; and processes
of the Scientific
Method;

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
SCIENTIFIC METHOD

❑ mathematical and experimental techniques employed in


the sciences.
❑ More specifically, it is the technique used in the construction
and testing of a scientific hypothesis. (Britannica.com)
❑ defined as controlled, systematic investigations that are
rooted in objective reality and that aim to develop general
knowledge about natural phenomena
RESEARCH

❑ Is an inquiry process that has clearly defined parameters


and has as its aims the discovery or creation of
knowledge, or theory building; testing, confirmation,
revision, refutation of knowledge and theory; and/ or
investigation of a problem for local decision-making
(McClure and Hersson, 1991).
Scientist attempt
to control
They are Their findings are
external factors
orderly & based on the
that are not under
systematic empirical
direct
processes. evidences.
investigation.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENTIFIC METHODS


Scientific methods
Findings of scientific
are based on They are basically
methods can be
assumptions or conducted to
generalized, which
means that they can hypothesis. develop or test

be used in situations hypothesis.


other than the one
under study.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENTIFIC METHODS


STEPS IN THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1 Step 1: State the Problem
2 Step 2: Formulate a Hypothesis
3 Step 3: Test the Hypothesis

• Design a procedure
that tests your
hypothesis to see if
your prediction is
correct.

• Record all of your


data and
observations and
put them into a
table that is neat
and organized.
4 Step 4: Gather Data

❑ Measurement process is an integral part of social or physical


science research.

❑ Measurement is not confined to numerical or quantitative


specification; it can be qualitative as well.

Qualitative- have labels or names assigned to their


respective categories;
Quantitative- any attribute that measures in numbers.
5 Step 5: Analyze and Interpret the Data

• Is your data reliable? Does it


make sense?

• Put your data into a chart or


graph and look for any trends.

• Requires tabulation or coding of


raw data and analyzing the
relationships among variable.
6 Step 6: Draw Conclusions

• Do your data and observations support your hypothesis?

• If you cannot make a definite conclusion, you may need to try


the experiment again.

• This means you may either need to rewrite your procedure if it


was not specific enough; you may need to change your
hypothesis.
7 Step 7: Communicate Results

• Report the results of your experiment to let


others know what you have learned.

• This will be represented as either a lab


report, oral presentation, or Science Fair
display board.
The Research Process
When conducting
Widely adopted research, scientists use
For their daily by business all the scientific method to
collect
work, but not over the
measurable, empirical
necessarily country, It
evidence in an experiment
that each teaches related to
employees and a hypothesis (often in the
individual
management to form of an if/then
steps are statement), the results
diagnose a
used. aiming to support or
problem.
contradict a theory.

Why Scientists use this process?


The scientific
method and
research cycle
It doesn’t! only leads to a
progressively
better
understanding of
a topic, but never
a perfect
understanding.

Where does the process end?


Limitations of Scientific Methods:

MORAL OR ETHICAL PROBLEM

HUMAN COMPLEXITY

MEASUREMENT PROBLEMS

EXTERNAL VARIABLE CONTROL PROBLEMS


MORAL OR ETHICAL PROBLEM

Most medical
… thus,
studies would
reliable
require
scientific
humans as the
data cannot
subject of their
always be
research….
collected.

The constraint of involving humans, which is essential for


observing human behavior for experimentation, is one such
ethical problem.
HUMAN COMPLEXITY

Human When human


behavior is studied
behavior is & analyzed by other
complicated, human beings, the
personal biases
subtle & come into the
varied… picture & distort the
analytical facts.

It is difficult to categorize
human behavior.
Different aspects of
human behavior are All the people
psychological in do not behave
nature, which in the same way
cannot be in similar
accurately circumstances.
measured.

Human Therefore,
behavior is not with humans
uniform, as subjects,
certain, or measuremen
predictable. ts become a
challenges

MEASUREMENT PROBLEMS
EXTERNAL VARIABLE CONTROL PROBLEMS

Scientific studies conducted on


humans may have a limitation of
weak or no control over external
variables in scientific activity.
References

❑ https://www.livescience.com/20896-science-scientific-
method.html#:~:text=When%20conducting%20research%2C%20scienti
sts%20use,support%20or%20contradict%20a%20theory.

❑ https://www.slideshare.net/mrmularella/scientific-method-95777

❑ https://www.slideshare.net/DrAkterCMC/scientific-method-kids
THANK YOU!
STS_LM 2-The Scientific Method

You might also like