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Adsorption

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2 views

Adsorption

Uploaded by

Merry Demissie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Merry Demissie ETS0840/13 Section B

1) Define adsorption and list at least five commercial adsorbents types


with their application.

 Adsorption is transfer of mass from either a gas or a liquid to the surface


of a solid.

 Silica gel: Drying of gases, refrigerants, organic solvents, transformer


oils.

 Activated alumina: Drying of gases, organic solvents, transformer oils;


removal of HCl from hydrogen.

 Activated Carbon: Nitrogen from air; hydrogen from syn-gas and


hydrogenation processes.

 Zeolites: Oxygen from air; drying of gases; removing water from


azeotropes; sweetening sour gases and liquids,etc.

 Polymers and resins: Water purification, including removal of phenol,


chlorophenols, ketones, alcohols, aromatics, aniline, indene, polynuclear
aromatics, nitro- and chlor-aromatics,etc.

2) What is the concept of ion exchange and its commercial application?

 Ion exchange operations are essentially metathetical chemical reactions


between an electrolyte in solution and an insoluble electrolyte with
which the solution is contacted.

 Applications have been made in the treatment of ore slurries ("resinin-


pulp") for collection of metal values.
 In addition to the water-softening applications, the complete deionization
of water can be accomplished by percolation first through a cation
exchanger and then through an anion exchanger.
3) Write down four possible properties/features of an adsorbent to be
attractive on the commercial market.
 High adsorption capacity: An effective adsorbent should have a high
adsorption capacity, which means it can adsorb a large amount of the
target substance.

 Selectivity: Selectivity refers to the ability of an adsorbent to selectively


adsorb a specific substance from a mixture.

 Regenerability: A good adsorbent should be able to be regenerated


multiple times without significant loss of its adsorption capacity.

 Stability: The adsorbent should be stable under the operating conditions.


4) List the different types of ion exchange equipment and discuss their
specific application.

 Column Ion Exchangers: These are the most commonly used ion
exchange equipment and are used for large-scale applications. The resin
is packed in a column, and the solution is passed through it. The resin
bed is regenerated periodically by using a regenerating solution.
 Batch Ion Exchangers: These are used for small-scale applications,
such as laboratory experiments. In batch ion exchangers, the resin and
solution are mixed together in a container, and the resin is separated
from the solution after the exchange is complete.
 Continuous Ion Exchangers: These are used for continuous flow
applications, where a constant flow of the solution is required. The resin
is packed in a continuous loop, and the solution is passed through it
continuously.
 The specific application of each type of ion exchange equipment
depends on factors such as the scale of the operation, the type of ion
exchange process required, and the properties of the solution being
processed. For example, column ion exchangers are suitable for large-
scale applications where a high capacity is required, while batch ion
exchangers are suitable for small-scale experiments. Continuous ion
exchangers are suitable for continuous flow applications, and so on.
5) Varieties of isotherms were applied in adsorption systems. Out of
those isotherms try to differentiate Langmuir model and Freundlich
model with their specific application.
 Langmuir model: assumes that adsorption occurs on a homogeneous
surface with a fixed number of identical adsorption site.
 The Langmuir model is often used for monolayer adsorption, where the
adsorbate molecules form a single layer on the surface of the adsorbent.
This model is useful for systems where the adsorbent has a finite number
of identical adsorption sites, and the adsorbate molecules do not interact
with each other.
 The Freundlich model: assumes that adsorption occurs on a
heterogeneous surface with varying affinities for the adsorbate.
 the Freundlich model is often used for multilayer adsorption, where the
adsorbate molecules form multiple layers on the surface of the adsorbent.
This model is useful for systems where the adsorbent has a
heterogeneous surface and the adsorbate molecules interact with each
other.

REFERENCE:
J.M. Coulson and J.F. Richardson: Chemical Engineering Vol. 2
Seader J.D.& Henley E.J.,Separation Process Principles
Adsorption and Ion exchange_LeVan.pdf (iitd.ac.in)

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