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Section 2 Changes of States ppt to PDF

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10 views40 pages

Section 2 Changes of States ppt to PDF

Uploaded by

batoul rida
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Changes in State

• How is temperature related to particle


motion?
• How are temperature and thermal
energy different?
• What happens to thermal energy
when matter changes from one state
to another?
Changes in State

• kinetic energy • evaporation


• temperature • condensation
• thermal energy • sublimation
• vaporization • deposition
Kinetic and Potential Energy
• Particles that make up matter have
kinetic energy, the energy an object has
due its motion.
Kinetic and Potential Energy
• The faster particles move, the more
kinetic energy they have.
Kinetic and Potential Energy (cont.)
• Temperature is a measure of the average
kinetic energy of all the particles in an object.
Kinetic and Potential Energy (cont.)
• Temperature is a measure of the average
kinetic energy of all the particles in an object.
• Within a given substance, If a temperature
increases it means that the particles….?
• on average, are moving at greater speeds.
Kinetic and Potential Energy (cont.)

How is temperature related


to particle motion?
Kinetic and Potential Energy (cont.)
• Potential energy is the energy stored in an object
due to its position above earth’s surface.
• Potential energy of particles typically increases as
the particle get farther apart.
Kinetic and Potential Energy (cont.)
• The farther an object is from Earth’s surface,
the greater the gravitational potential energy.
Thermal Energy
• Thermal energy is the total potential
and kinetic energy of an object.
Thermal Energy
• Thermal energy is the total potential
and kinetic energy of an object.
• You can change an object’s state of
matter by adding or removing thermal
energy.
• If enough thermal energy is added or
removed from an object, a change of
state can occur.
Thermal Energy (cont.)

How do thermal energy and


temperature differ?
Solid to Liquid or Liquid to Solid
• To change matter from a solid to a liquid,
thermal energy must be added.
Solid to Liquid or Liquid to Solid
• Once a solid reaches the melting point, additional
thermal energy is used by the particles to
overcome their attractive forces, the particles
move farther apart and potential energy increases.
Adding thermal energy to matter causes
the particles that make up the matter to
increase in kinetic energy, potential
energy, or both.
Solid to Liquid or Liquid to Solid (cont.)
• Freezing is a process that is the opposite of
melting.
• The temperature at which matter changes from the
liquid state to the solid state is its freezing point.
Liquid to Gas or Gas to Liquid
• The change in state of a liquid into a gas
is vaporization.
Liquid to Gas or Gas to Liquid
• Vaporization that occurs within a liquid is called
boiling and the temperature at which boiling
occurs in a liquid is called its boiling point.
At the boiling point, the potential energy of
particles begins increasing.
Liquid to Gas or Gas to Liquid (cont.)
Evaporation is vaporization that occurs
only at the surface of a liquid.
Liquid to Gas or Gas to Liquid (cont.)
• When a gas loses enough thermal energy, the gas
changes to a liquid, or condenses.
• The change of state from a gas to a liquid is called
condensation.
Solid to Gas or Gas to Solid
• Sublimation is the change of state from
a solid to a gas without going through the
liquid state.
Solid to Gas or Gas to Solid
• Deposition is the change of state of a gas to a
solid without going through the liquid state.
Solid to Gas or Gas to Solid (cont.)

deposition
Science Use the change of state of
a gas to a solid without going
through the liquid state
Common Use giving a legal
testimony under oath
States of Water
• Water is the only substance that exists
naturally as a solid, a liquid, and a gas
on Earth.
• At 0°C, water molecules vibrate so
rapidly that they begin to move out of
their places, the particles overcome their
attractive forces, and melting occurs.
States of Water (cont.)
• When water reaches 100°C, the boiling
point, liquid water begins to change to water
vapor.
States of Water (cont.)
• Cooling water vapor changes the gas to a
liquid, and cooling the water further changes
it to ice.
States of Water (cont.)
States of Water (cont.)

Describe the changes in


thermal energy as water
goes from a solid to a liquid.
Conservation of Mass and Energy
When matter changes state, matter and
energy are always conserved.
• All matter has thermal energy, and
thermal energy is the sum of
potential and kinetic energy.
• When thermal energy is added to a
liquid, vaporization can occur.
• When enough thermal energy is
removed from matter, a change of
state can occur.
Which term refers to the average
kinetic energy of all the particles
in an object?
A. thermal energy
B. temperature
C. sublimation
D. evaporation
Which substance exists naturally
on Earth as a solid, liquid and gas?

A. carbon
B. carbon dioxide
C. salt
D. water
Which term refers to the change
of state of a gas to a solid without
going through the liquid state?
A. sublimation
B. evaporation
C. deposition
D. condensation
Do you agree or disagree?

3. Particles of matter have both potential


energy and kinetic energy.
4. When a solid melts, thermal energy is
removed from the solid.

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