1.

How much energy is given to each coulomb of charge passing through a 6V

battery? (Page 202)
V=6V
Q=1C
W = VQ
=6*1
=6J
2. Judge the equivalent resistance when the following are connected in parallel
a) 1 Ω and 106 Ω (b) 1 Ω and 103 Ω and, 106 Ω
a) R1 = 1 Ω ; R2 = 106 Ω
Resistors are connected in parallel.
Total resistance Rp,
1 1 1
= +
�� �1 �2
1 1
= + 6
1 10
106 + 1
=
106
106
~ 6
10
1
=1�
��
�� = 1 Ω
b) R1 = 1 Ω ; R2 = 103 Ω ; R3 = 106 Ω
Resistors are connected in parallel.
1 1 1 1
= + +
�� 1 103 106
1000000 + 1000 + 1
=
1000000
1001001
=
1000000
1000000
�� =
1001001
Rp = 0.999 Ω
3. An electric lamp of 100 Ω, a toaster of resistance 50 Ω, and a water filter of
resistance 500 Ω are connected in parallel to a 220 V source. What is the
resistance of an electric iron connected to the same source that takes as
much current as all three appliances, and what is the current through it?
(page 216)
Resistance of electric lamp = R1 = 100 Ω
Resistance of toaster = R2 = 50 Ω
Resistance of water filter = R3 = 500 Ω
Resistors are connected in parallel.
Total resistance Rp,
1 1 1 1
= + +
�� �1 �2 �3
1 1 1
= + +
100 50 500
5+10+1 16
= 500
=
500
500 125
Rp = 16
=
4

Rp = 31.25 Ω
Resistance of electric iron 31.25 Ω
According to Ohm’s law,
�
I=�
125
= 220 ÷ 4
4 4 176
= 220 * 125 = 44 ∗ 25
=
25

= 7.04 A
Current through electric iron = 7.04 A

4. How can three resistors of resistances 2 Ω, 3 Ω and 6 Ω be connected to give

a total resistance of (a) 4 Ω (b) 1Ω.
a) R1 = 2 Ω ; R2 = 3 Ω ; R3 = 6 Ω
 If R2 and R3 are connected in parallel, then total resistance,
1 1 1
= +
�� �2 �3

1 1
=+
3 6
2+1 3
= =
6 6
1
=
2
Rp = 2 Ω
Now, this combination is connected in series with R1.
Total resistance = Rp + R1
=4Ω
b) Since total resistance 1 Ω is less than the lease value of resistance (2 Ω), all
resistors are connected in parallel.
1 1 1 1
= + +
�� 2 3 6
3+2+1
=
6
6
= =1
6
Rp = 1 Ω
5. What is (a) the highest (b) the lowest total resistance that can be secured by
combinations of four coils of resistance 4 Ω, 8 Ω, 12Ω, 24Ω.
R1 = 4 Ω ; R2 = 8 Ω ; R3 = 12 Ω ; R4 = 24 Ω
a) Resistance is highest when resistors are connected in series.
RS = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4
= 4 + 8 + 12 + 24
= 48 Ω
b) Resistance is lowest when resistors are connected in parallel.
 1 1 1 1 1
= + + +
�� �1 �2 �3 �4
1 1 1 1
=
4
+ 8
+ 12
+ 24
6+3+2+1
=
24
12 1
= =
24 2
Rp= 2 Ω
6. Compute the heat generated while transferring 96000 coulomb of charge
in one hour through a potential difference of 50 V.
Charge = Q = 96000 C
t = 1 hr = 3600 s
V = 50 V
�
I=
�
96000
= �
3600
H = VIt
96000
= 50 ∗ ∗ 3600
3600
= 50 * 96000
= 4800000
= 4.8 * 106 J

7. An electric iron of resistance 20 Ω takes a current of 5 A. Calculate the heat

developed in 30 s. (Page 218)
R = 20 Ω
I=5A
T = 30 s
H = I2Rt
= 5 * 5 * 20 * 30 = 15000 J
= 15 KJ or 1.5 *104 J
8. An electric motor takes 5 A from a 220 V line. Determine the power of the
motor and the energy consumed in 2 h. (Page 220).
 I=5A
V = 220 V
T=2h
P = VI
= 220 * 5
= 1100 W
= 1.1 kW
Energy consumed = P * t
= 1.1 * 2
= 2.2 kWh
9. A piece of wire of resistance R is cut into five parts. These parts are then
connected in parallel. If the equivalent resistance of this combination is R’,
then the ratio R/R’ is-
(a) 1/25 (b) 1/5 (c) 5 (d) 25 (Page 221)
�
Resistance of each part =
5
They are connected in parallel. Total resistance Rp,
1 1 1 1 1 1
= + + + +
�' � � � � �
5 5 5 5 5
5 5 5 5 5 25
= + + + + =
� � � � � �
�
R’ = 25
� � 25
=� ÷ =�∗
�' 25 �
�
= 25
�'
10. An electric bulb is rated 220 V and 100 W. When it is operated on 110 V, the
power consumed will be, (a) 100 W (b) 75 W (c)50 W (d) 25 W (page 221)
�2
R=
�
220∗220
= 100
= 484 Ω
Now, V = 110 V
�2
P=
�
 110∗110
= 484
P = 25 W
11. Two conducting wires of the same material and of equal lengths and equal
diameters are first connected in series and then parallel in a circuit across the
same potential difference. The ratio of heat produced in series and parallel
combinations would be-
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2: 1 (c) 1 : 4 (d) 4 : 1
Series combination:
Rs = R+ R = 2R
Parallel combination:
1 1 1 2
= + =
�� � � �
�
Rp = 2
�2 �
Heat, H = �
The ratio of heat produced in series and parallel,
�� �2 � �2 �
��
= ��
÷ ��
�2 � �
= ∗
2� 2 ∗ �2 �
1
=4
=1:4
12. A copper wire has diameter 0.5 mm and resistivity of 1.6 * 10-8Ω. What will
be the length of this wire to make its resistance 10 Ω? How much does the
resistance change if the diameter is doubled? (Page 221)
d= 0.5 mm
r = 0.25 * 10-3 m
Resistivity, � = 1.6 * 10-8Ω
Resistance, R = 10 Ω
A = �r2
�∗�
l= �
10∗3.14∗0.25∗ 10−3 ∗0.25∗10−3
= 1.6∗10−8
= 1.2266 *102
l = 122.66 m

R 1
∝
�2
If diameter is doubled, resistance will be one-fourth of its original value.
 New resistance = 2.5 Ω
13. When a 12 V battery is connected across an unknown resister, there is a
current of 2.5 mA in the circuit. Find the value of the resistance of the
resistor. (Page 221)
V = 12 V
I = 2.5 mA = 2.5*10-3 A
By Ohm’s law,
�
Resistance, R = �
12
= 2.5∗10−3
120∗ 1000
=
25
= 120 * 40
= 4800 = 4.8 *103 Ω
14. A battery 9 V is connected in series with resistors 0.2 Ω, 0.3 Ω, 0.4 Ω, 0.5 Ω
and 12 Ω respectively. How much current would flow through the 12 Ω
resistor? (Page 221)
V= 9 V
Series connection.
So, Total resistance, Rs = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 + R5
= 0.2+ 0.3 + 0.4 + 0.5 + 12
= 13.4 Ω
In series combination of resistors, the current is same in every part of the circuit.
By Ohm’s law,
�
I=�
9 90 45
= 13.4 = 134
=
67

I = 0.67 A
Current that flow through the 12 Ω resistor = 0.67 A
15. How many 176 Ω resistors (in parallel) are required to carry 5 A on a
220V line?
I=5A
R = 176 Ω
V = 220 V
�
Total resistance, Rp = �
220
= = 44 �
5
Resistor are connected in parallel.
1 1 1 1
��
=�+ �
+ …. +
�
�
=�
�
Rp =
�
� 176
n=� = 44
�

n=4
There are 4 resistors.
16. Show how you would connect three resistors, each of resistance 6 Ω, so that
the combination has a resistance of (i) 9 Ω (ii) 4 Ω
(i) We have to connect two 6 Ω resistors in parallel.
1 1 1
= +
�� �1 �2
1 1 2
= + =
6 6 6
1
=
3
Rp= 3 Ω
This combination is connected with 6 Ω resistor in series.
Rs = 3 +6
=9Ω
Net resistance = 9 Ω

(ii) We have to connect two 6 Ω resistors in series.

Rs = 6 + 6
 = 12 Ω
This combination is connected with 6Ω resistor in parallel.
1 1 1
= +
�� 12 6
1+2 3
= =
12 12
1 1
=
�� 4
Rp = 4 Ω
The net resistance = 4 Ω

17. Several electric bulbs designed to be used on a 220 V electric supply line, are
rated 10 W. How many lamps can be connected in parallel with each other
across the two wires of 220 V line if the maximum allowable current is 5 A?
V = 220 V
Power of each bulb, P = 10 W
�2
Resistance of each bulb, R1 = �
220∗220
= 10
= 4840 Ω
‘n’ bulbs are connected in parallel.
Total resistance is R.
1 1 1 1
= + +…+
� 4840 4840 4840
�
=
4840
4840
R= Ω
�
By Ohm’s law,
V = IR
4840
220 = 5 *
�
5∗4840
�= = 5 ∗ 22
220
� = 110
110 bulbs are connected in parallel.
18. A hot plate of an electric oven connected to a 220 V line has two resistance
coils A and B, each of 24 Ω resistance, which may be used separately, in
series, or in parallel. What are the currents in the three cases?
Case 1: coils are used separately
V = 220 V
R = 24 Ω
By Ohm’s law,
�
�=
�
220 55
= =
24 6
I = 9.17 A
Case 2: Coils are connected in series.
V = 220 V
R1 = 24 Ω ; R2 = 24Ω
Net resistance, Rs = R1 + R2
= 24 + 24
Rs = 48 Ω
� 220 55
Is = = =
�� 48 12

Is = 4.58 A
Case 3: Coils are connected in parallel.
V = 220 V
Total resistance is Rp.
1 1 1
= +
�� �1 �2
1 1 2 1
= + = =
24 24 24 12

Rp = 12 Ω
 � 220 55
��= = =
�� 12 3
Ip = 18.33 A
19. Compare the power used in the 2 Ω resistor in each of the following circuits:
(i) a 6 V battery in series with 1 Ω and 2 Ω resistors, and (ii) a 4 V battery in
parallel with 12 Ω and 2 Ω resistors.
(i) V=6V
1 Ω and 2 Ω resistors are connected in series and so same current passes
through the resistors.
R = R1 + R2
=1+2=3Ω
By Ohm’s law,
� 6
�= =
� 3
�=2�
Power, P = I2*R
=2*2*2
=8W
(ii) V=4V
12 Ω and 2 Ω resistors are connected in parallel. The potential difference
across each resistor remains the same.
R=2Ω
The power used in the 2 Ω resistor is given by,
�2 4∗4
P= �
= 2
P=8W
20. Two lamps, one rated 100 Watt at 220 V, and other 60 W at 220 V, are
connected in parallel to electric mains supply. What current is drawn
from the line if the supply voltage is 220 V?
In parallel combination, current gets divided among the resistors and potential
difference is constant.
But, Net current, I = I1 + I2
Lamp 1:
Power, P1 = 100 W
V = 220 V
 �1
I1 = �
100 5
= 220 = 11
A
Lamp2:
P2 = 60 W
V = 220 V
�2 60
I2= �
=
220
3
= 11 �
Net current, I = I1 + I2
5 3 8
=11 + 11
=
11
I = 0.73 A

21. Which uses more energy, a 250 W TV set in 1 hour, or a 1200 W toaster
in 10 minutes?
Energy = Power * time
TV set:
Time, T1 = 1 hour = 3600 s
Power, P1 = 250 W
Energy, E1 =P1*T1
= 250 * 3600
= 900000
= 9 *105 J
Toaster:
P2 = 1200 W
T2 = 10 minutes = 600 s
E2 =P2 * T2
= 1200 *600
= 720000
= 7.2 * 105 J
Energy consumed by TV is more.
22. An electric heater of resistance 8 Ω draws 15 A from the service mains 2
hours. Calculate the rate at which heat is developed in the heater?
R=8Ω
Current, I = 15 A
Time, t = 2 hours = 7200 s
Heat, H = I2Rt
����
Rate of heat developed = ����
�2 ��
=
�
=I R
2

= 15 * 15 * 8
= 1800 W