Paper 6

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Pass X123X
2
Note that X is capital letter
1 A student investigated the effect of the concentration of sugar solutions on osmosis in potato cells.

Step 1 The student labelled four test-tubes A, B, C and D.

Step 2 The volumes of 1 mol per dm3 sugar solution and distilled water shown in Table 1.1 were
used to make solutions containing different concentrations of sugar in each test-tube.

(a) (i) Complete Table 1.1 by writing in the concentration of the sugar solution in test-tube C.

Table 1.1

volume of 1 mol per dm3 sugar volume of distilled water concentration of sugar
test-tube
solution / cm3 / cm3 solution / mol per dm3

A 20 0 1.0

B 12 8 0.6

C 8 12 0.4

D 0 20 0.0

[1]

Step 3 The student was given four potato cylinders which had all been cut from one potato.
The diameters of the potato cylinders were all the same but the lengths of the potato
cylinders varied.

Step 4 The student cut all four potato cylinders to exactly 40 mm in length.

Step 5 One potato cylinder was put into each labelled test-tube. The potato cylinders were left in
the sugar solutions for 20 minutes.

Step 6 After 20 minutes the potato cylinders were removed from the test-tubes.

Fig. 1.1 is a diagram showing the actual size of the potato cylinders from test-tubes A, B, C and D
at the end of step 6.

A B C D

Fig. 1.1

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(ii) Prepare a table to record the results in the space provided.

Measure the length of each of the potato cylinders in Fig. 1.1 and record these measurements
in your table.

[3]

(iii) Explain why it was important that the potato cylinders were all cut to the same length in
step 4.

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(iv) Identify the variable that the student changed in this investigation (independent variable).

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(v) Suggest two improvements that you could make to the method used in this investigation.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

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2 ........................................................................................................................................

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[2]

(vi) Describe one safety precaution that should be taken while preparing the potato cylinders
in step 4.

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(b) Plan an investigation to find out the effect of temperature on osmosis in plant tissue.

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(c) Potato cells contain starch grains.

(i) State the solution that would be used to test for the presence of starch and give the
result of a positive test.

solution ..............................................................................................................................

positive test result .............................................................................................................

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[2]

Fig. 1.2 is a photomicrograph of some plant cells that contain starch grains.

starch grain

cell X

A B

magnification ×800

Fig. 1.2

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(ii) Draw a large diagram of cell X in Fig. 1.2.

Label one starch grain on your drawing.

[5]

(iii) Line AB represents the diameter of the starch grain. Measure the length of line AB on
Fig. 1.2.

length of line AB ................................................ mm

Calculate the actual diameter of the starch grain using your measurement for line AB,
the information in Fig. 1.2 and the formula:
length of line AB on Fig. 1.2
magnification =
actual diameter of the starch grain
Give your answer to two significant figures.

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[3]

[Total: 25]

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2 (a) A student monitored their pulse rate after exercise. The student’s pulse rate before exercise
was 62 beats per minute.

The results are shown in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1

time after exercise pulse rate

/ minutes / beats per minute
0 156
1 108
2 78
3 66
4 62
5 62

(i) Plot a line graph on the grid of the data in Table 2.1. Include a line of best fit.

[4]

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(ii) Describe the relationship shown in your graph, between pulse rate and time after
exercise.

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(iii) Calculate the percentage change in pulse rate from 0 minutes to 5 minutes using the
data in Table 2.1.

Give your answer to two decimal places.

Space for working.

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[3]

(iv) State the variable that was measured (dependent variable) in this investigation.

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(b) The student monitored their pulse rate after exercise on three separate days and calculated
their average pulse rate from the data they collected.

The results are shown in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2

pulse rate average

time after
/ beats per minute pulse rate
exercise
/ beats per
/ minutes day 1 day 2 day 3 minute
0 156 154 158 156
1 108 107 106 107
2 78 80 76 78
3 66 67 65 66
4 62 120 64 63
5 62 60 61 61

Explain why the student correctly calculated the average pulse rate at 4 minutes after exercise
as 63 beats per minute rather than 82 beats per minute.

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(c) Fig. 2.1 shows a cross-section of an artery and a vein as seen using a light microscope.

vein

artery

Fig. 2.1

State one visible similarity and two visible differences between the artery and the vein shown
in Fig. 2.1.

similarity ....................................................................................................................................

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difference 1 ...............................................................................................................................

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difference 2 ...............................................................................................................................

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[3]

[Total: 15]

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