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Summative Test

Grade Level: Grade 12

Subject: Practical Research 2

Topic Coverage:

Topic 1: Writing the Review of Related Literature

Topic 2: Quantitative Research Design and Methodology

Topic 3: Data Collection for Quantitative Research

Topic 4: Statistical Analysis of Quantitative Data

Topic 5: Drawing Conclusions and Recommendations for Quantitative Research

Topic 6: Writing and Presenting Quantitative Research

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Instructions to Students:
Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer for each multiple-
choice item.
--- Multiple Choice Questions (50 Items) ---
1. What is the primary purpose of a review of related literature in research?
A. To summarize the research findings
B. To offer a critique of existing literature
C. To identify gaps and build on existing knowledge
D. To provide a detailed methodology
2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good literature review?
A. Comprehensive
B. Biased
C. Relevant
D. Current
3. In quantitative research, what type of design is used when the effect of a
treatment is being studied?
A. Descriptive
B. Experimental
C. Correlational
D. Qualitative
4. What is a key feature of a correlational research design?
A. It determines cause and effect
B. It explores relationships between variables
C. It involves random assignment
D. It uses qualitative data
5. Which sampling method involves selecting participants based on certain
characteristics?
A. Random sampling
B. Stratified sampling
C. Convenience sampling
 D. Purposive sampling
6. What is the main advantage of using a random sampling method?
A. It is easier to implement
B. It ensures a representative sample
C. It requires fewer resources
D. It allows for convenience
7. In a survey, which type of question is most likely to yield quantitative data?
A. Open-ended questions
B. Multiple-choice questions
C. Interview questions
D. Essay questions
8. Which of the following is an example of a primary data collection method?
A. Literature review
B. Survey
C. Meta-analysis
D. Systematic review
9. Which statistical test is used to compare the means of two groups?
A. Chi-square test
B. T-test
C. ANOVA
D. Regression analysis
10. What is the purpose of using ANOVA in data analysis?
A. To compare means of more than two groups
B. To establish correlation between variables
C. To predict future outcomes
D. To describe data distribution
11. Which of the following statements is true about hypothesis testing?
A. It proves the hypothesis is correct
B. It provides evidence to support or refute the hypothesis
C. It is only used in qualitative research
D. It is not necessary in quantitative research
12. What does a p-value less than 0.05 indicate in hypothesis testing?
A. Strong evidence against the null hypothesis
B. Weak evidence against the null hypothesis
C. No evidence against the null hypothesis
D. Evidence supporting the null hypothesis
13. Which type of variable is manipulated in an experiment?
A. Dependent variable
B. Independent variable
C. Control variable
D. Extraneous variable
14. What is the primary goal of drawing conclusions in research?
A. To summarize the research process
B. To interpret the data findings
C. To provide recommendations
D. To identify limitations
15. In quantitative research, what should conclusions be based on?
A. Personal opinions
B. Data analysis results
C. Literature review
 D. Researcher's intuition
16. Which section of a research paper is used to discuss the implications of findings?
A. Introduction
B. Literature Review
C. Methodology
D. Discussion
17. What is the role of recommendations in a research study?
A. To present new theories
B. To suggest practical applications
C. To critique existing studies
D. To summarize findings
18. When writing a research paper, what is the purpose of the abstract?
A. To provide a detailed analysis
B. To offer a brief summary of the study
C. To discuss the limitations
D. To present the research hypothesis
19. What is a key component of an effective research presentation?
A. Detailed literature review
B. Clear and concise delivery
C. Extensive use of technical jargon
D. Lengthy explanations
20. Which of the following enhances the credibility of a research presentation?
A. Use of animated graphics
B. Inclusion of peer-reviewed sources
C. Excessive use of anecdotes
D. Emphasis on personal opinions
21. Which element is crucial in the methodology section of a research paper?
A. Theoretical framework
B. Research questions
C. Data collection procedures
D. Literature review
22. What is the importance of using a theoretical framework in research?
A. It limits the scope of the study
B. It provides a basis for the research design
C. It ensures data accuracy
D. It is not necessary in quantitative research
23. Which of the following is a characteristic of quantitative research?
A. Subjective interpretation
B. Numerical data analysis
C. Open-ended questions
D. Flexible research design
24. What is the function of a hypothesis in quantitative research?
A. To provide a narrative
B. To predict the relationship between variables
C. To describe a phenomenon
D. To evaluate research findings
25. Which of the following refers to the consistency of a research instrument?
A. Validity
B. Reliability
C. Accuracy
 D. Precision
26. What is the significance of pilot testing a research instrument?
A. To increase sample size
B. To ensure validity
C. To refine data collection methods
D. To finalize the research hypothesis
27. In quantitative research, what does the term "population" refer to?
A. The group of variables being studied
B. The entire group of individuals relevant to the study
C. The sample selected for analysis
D. The geographic location of the study
28. Which of the following is a method of ensuring data validity?
A. Random sampling
B. Consistent data collection
C. Data triangulation
D. Peer review
29. What is the purpose of a conceptual framework in research?
A. To provide a summary of findings
B. To outline the research methodology
C. To visually represent the relationship between variables
D. To critique existing theories
30. How does quantitative research differ from qualitative research?
A. It focuses on open-ended questions
B. It involves numerical data and statistical analysis
C. It is more subjective
D. It does not require a hypothesis
31. What is the main objective of a research hypothesis?
A. To describe the research problem
B. To propose a potential outcome
C. To provide a detailed methodology
D. To summarize the literature review
32. Which statistical measure is used to describe the central tendency of a dataset?
A. Range
B. Standard deviation
C. Mean
D. Variance
33. In research, what is the significance of operational definitions?
A. They limit the scope of the study
B. They provide clarity on how variables are measured
C. They ensure data validity
D. They are only used in qualitative research
34. What is the purpose of using control variables in an experiment?
A. To introduce new factors
B. To eliminate confounding effects
C. To provide qualitative data
D. To enhance variability
35. When is the use of a longitudinal study design most appropriate?
A. When studying changes over time
B. When comparing two groups
C. When conducting a case study
 D. When analyzing cross-sectional data
36. In data analysis, what does the term "outlier" refer to?
A. A data point that falls outside the expected range
B. A common value within the dataset
C. A missing data point
D. A duplicated data entry
37. What is the role of inferential statistics in research?
A. To describe the characteristics of a sample
B. To draw conclusions about a population based on a sample
C. To summarize data visually
D. To collect primary data
38. Which of the following is NOT a type of quantitative research design?
A. Experimental
B. Descriptive
C. Ethnographic
D. Correlational
39. What is a limitation of using a cross-sectional study design?
A. It is time-consuming
B. It cannot establish causality
C. It requires large sample sizes
D. It is expensive
40. How can researchers ensure the ethical conduct of a study?
A. By obtaining informed consent from participants
B. By publishing results in reputable journals
C. By using advanced statistical methods
D. By ensuring anonymity of researchers
41. What is the significance of a research proposal?
A. It outlines the researcher's credentials
B. It provides a plan for conducting the study
C. It summarizes the research findings
D. It critiques existing literature
42. Which of the following is an example of secondary data?
A. A survey conducted by the researcher
B. A focus group discussion
C. Government census data
D. An interview transcript
43. What is the main advantage of using a mixed-methods approach in research?
A. It simplifies data collection
B. It provides a comprehensive understanding
C. It focuses on numerical data
D. It is less time-consuming
44. What is the purpose of data coding in quantitative research?
A. To categorize qualitative data
B. To convert data into numerical form for analysis
C. To interpret research findings
D. To summarize research limitations
45. Which of the following is a common graphical representation of quantitative
data?
A. Flowchart
B. Bar graph
 C. Venn diagram
D. Mind map
46. What is the significance of peer review in the research process?
A. It ensures the research is published quickly
B. It validates the research's credibility and quality
C. It provides financial support for the study
D. It guarantees positive research outcomes
47. In research ethics, what is the principle of beneficence?
A. Ensuring participants are compensated
B. Minimizing harm and maximizing benefits
C. Maintaining participant anonymity
D. Ensuring data accuracy
48. What is a potential drawback of using self-reported data in research?
A. It is time-consuming to collect
B. It may introduce bias and inaccuracies
C. It requires advanced statistical analysis
D. It is difficult to interpret
49. Which of the following is a method to improve the reliability of a research
instrument?
A. Reducing sample size
B. Conducting a pilot study
C. Increasing response options
D. Simplifying questions
50. What is the purpose of a literature matrix in the review of related literature?
A. To critique existing theories
B. To organize and summarize key literature findings
C. To provide a narrative of the research process
D. To determine research hypotheses

**Answer Key**:
1. C
2. B
3. B
4. B
5. D
6. B
7. B
8. B
9. B
10. A
11. B
12. A
13. B
14. B
15. B
16. D
17. B
18. B
19. B
20. B
 21. C
22. B
23. B
24. B
25. B
26. C
27. B
28. C
29. C
30. B
31. B
32. C
33. B
34. B
35. A
36. A
37. B
38. C
39. B
40. A
41. B
42. C
43. B
44. B
45. B
46. B
47. B
48. B
49. B
50. B

**Table of Specifications (TOS)**:

AVERAGE DIFFICULT
EASY (70%)
No.of %of (20%) (10%)
Objective/s [Remembering & Item Placement
Items Items [Applying & [Evaluating
Understanding]
Analyzing] & Creating]

Writing the Review of Related

9 18% 5 3 1 1, 2, 18, 21, 22, 29, 46, 48, 50
Literature

Quantitative Research
9 18% 5 3 1 3, 4, 5, 6, 23, 24, 30, 38, 39
Design and Methodology

Data Collection for

8 16% 5 2 1 7, 8, 25, 26, 27, 40, 42, 49
Quantitative Research

Statistical Analysis of
8 16% 4 3 1 9, 10, 11, 12, 28, 32, 36, 44
Quantitative Data
Drawing Conclusions and
Recommendations for 8 16% 5 2 1 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 33, 41, 43
Quantitative Research

Writing and Presenting

8 16% 6 1 1 19, 20, 31, 34, 35, 37, 45, 47
Quantitative Research