WA2 12:45 -

MODEL OF T H E L E C T R O D E P O S I T I O N C O N T R O L L E R SYSTEM
OF A N E L E C T R I C A R C F U R N A C E : A N A P P L I C A T I O N

M a i t eU r i ad eC a s t i l l o

D e p t o .d eP r o c e s o s y S i s t e m a s . U n i v e r s i d a d Simo'n B o l i v a r
A p a r t a d o8 0 6 5 9 - C a r a c a s 1 0 8 1 - AV. enezuela

Section in s e n t e dA b s t r a c t TV.
A simplyfied modelof t h ee l e c t r o d ep o s i t i o n con- 1I.ELECTRODE POSITION SYSTEM MODEL
t r o l s y s t e ma p p l i e dt ot h ee l e c t r i ca r cf u r n a c e so f 1 5 0
TMlyear i s introduced. A 7th order non-linear model The p h y s i c a l system i n v e s t i g a t e d i s r e p r e s e n t eidn
was obtained.Validation modelwasdone withoperationFig 1. A s i n g l ep h a s ee l e c t r o d ep o s i t i o nc o n t r o l l e rh a s
data. A comparison with anidentificated model i s been modelled.
In o r d e r t o do t h i st,h sey s t e m has
done.Recursive Maxim- L i k e l i h o o dI d e n t i f i c a t i o n me- beendividedinfourparts:a)Powersystem.b)Furnacere-
thod i s employed usingdataoperation. The model s e -g u l a t o r (HM). c)Electrodeholders.d)Art impedance d i s -
l e c t e d was t h ei d e n t i f i c a t e d onewhich corresponds to
charge.
a system order n = 7 and input order

I . INTRODUCTION
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InVenezuela we foundone of t h e l a r g e s t s t e e l - m a &

i n g p l a n t s . SiderGrgicadelOrinoco(SID0R)issituated
in a r e gwi ohtl h n
aedereg
erpeo s i t s of oni al ,t
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t -
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I

j-
I

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u r a l gas and h i g h - q u a l i t yi r o n ore f o rt h ep r o d u c t i o n
9
........ 4

a s t e e l .A d d i t i o n a l y ,t h er e g i o nh a s a greathidroe-
l e c t r i cp o t e n t i a l ,t h a tp r o v i d e st h ee n e r g y needed f o r
theoperationat a very low c o s t . The productioncapa-
b i l i t y of t h i ss t e e l - m a k i n gp l a n t is 1.2 m i l l i o n s t o n s
peryear.Because of theimportance of t h e s ep l a n t s , Fig.l.Electrodepositionsystem
specialattentionhas beenpayed t o t h e improvement of 1.Currenttransformer
t h ee l e c t r o d ep o s i t i o nc o n t r o ls y s t e m of t h e e l e c t r i c 2.TAP s e l e c t o r
a r cf u r n a c ea sw e l la st ot h ee f f i c i e n c y of t h ee l e c - 3.Furnace transformer
t r i c power supply. 4.Measuring circuit
The s t e e l p r o d u c t i o n c i c l e canbedivided inthree S.Motor C . C .
phases:1)Theselection of t h e raw m a t e r i a lt ob e 6.Polo valve
melted.2)Theadecuatedistribution of t h i s e l e c t r i c 7,Distribution valve
power. 3)Themeltingprocess. 8.Mastil-electrodestructure
9 . F l e x i b l e sc a b 1 e s : a ) c u r r e n ts i g n a l . b ) v o l t a g e
The work p r e s e n t e d i n t h i s p a p e r i s focused a t h e signal.c)errorsignal.
s e c o n dp h a s e ,i . e . , t h ea d e c u a t ed i s t r i b u t i o n of t h e
h i g h e r power s u p p l yI.on r d etro p t i m i ztehue s e of The r e g u l a t oor p e r a t e s on an arc-impedance error
t h e power energysupplytotheseequipments,the con- s i g n a lw h i c h , i n g e n e r a l ,r e s u l t s in n o n - i n t e r a c t i n g
t r o l of t h i ss e r v i c e is done under two regimenes:longcontrol of t h et h r e ee l e c t r o d ep o s i t i o nc o n t r o l l e r s . T h e
and s h o r t e r m . The manualadjustment of t h ei n p u t po servomechanism f o rp o s i t i o n i n gt h ee l e c t r o d e sC o n s i s t s
wer i nt h es e c o n d a r yc u r r e n tt r a n s f o r m e r ,f o rt h em e l tb a s i c a l l yo f a h y d r a u l i ca c t u a t o r which i t i s commercia
i n gc i c l e isn its differentstages, i s r e f e r r e dt ol y denominated HRR.
longterm. On t h eo t h e r hand s h o r t e r mc o n t r o l co- The e l e c t r o d e h o l d e r s i s r e p r e s e n t e d as a second 05
r r e s p o n d s ,t ot h ea r c impedance controlwhich i s done der damped system.
through the dynamic r e g u l a t i o n of t h e e l e c t r o d e p o s i -
tionduringthemeltingprocess. The o b j e c t i v e o f this The arc-impedance discharg hasbeen modeled as
sug-
c o n t r o l is to mantain a t a c o n s t a n t datum t haergc e s t e d by M o r r i s 4 .
l e n g t h so that theconsumptionofthe power enzrgy SUE A 7 t ho r d e rn o n - l i n e a r model was o b t a i n e d . A block
p l y t ot h ee l e c t r o d e s i s minimum. d i a g r a mr e p r e s e n t i n gt h i s model i s shown i n F i g . 2 .
The purposes of t h i s p a p e r a r e :
-To i n t r o d u c e a s i m p l i f i e d modelofan electrodeposi-
t i o na p p l i e dt ot h ee l e c t r i ca r cf u r n a c e so f 150 M t of
c a p a c i t y of SIDOR's p l a n t .
-To o b t a i n a model r e p r e s e n t a t i o n t h r o u g h i d e n t i f i c a -
tionwithoperationdata,applyingRecursive Maximum
Likelihood method.
-To compare bothmodels.
Section I1 o ft h ep a p e r , i l . l u s t r a t e st h ep r o p o s e d
mathematicalrepresentation of t h ep h y s i c a l model of
t h ee l e c t r o d ep o s i t i o nc o n t r o l l e r . It is presentedtoo
i t s timeresponseinpresence of o p e r a t i o n d a t a . I n s e 2
t i o n 111, a comparisonoftheoperationtimeresponse
w i t thhied e n t i f i e d model i s made. Conclusions arepreFig.2.Block Diagram

CH2344-0/8S/0000-0066 $1.00 @ 1986 IEEE 66

 Variables: posedcouldhetreated as a n i n v a r i a n t s i n g l e i n p u t /
Inputs: o u t p u t l i n e a r dynamic system,aroundtheoperation
Disturbances :P ,P p o i n t ,i ns p i t e of t h en o n - l i n e a r i t i e s .S p e c i a la t t e n -
Reference(positi0n) :H:efX t i o n waspayed totheinestabilityoftheestimated
Output measures : coefficients.
Voltage :V&
I d e n t i f i c a t i o n r e s u l t s : I t was compared t h e e s t i -
Current :Ik
mated model w i tohu t p uotp e r a t i odna t a Y ionr -
Outputcontrolled:
d e rt o do t h i g yd i f f e r e n to r d e r sf o rt h e OP model
P o s i t i o rne s p e ctto H :H
ref as w e l l a s f o r t h e n o i s e w e r e t e s t e d by minimizing a
r e c u r s i v ef u n c t i o ne r r o r . The b e s ta d j u s t m e n t was ob-
Forthe model v a l i d a t i o n , o p e r a t i o nd a t aw e r e ta-
t a i n e df o r :o r d e r model n = 7 ,i n p u to r d e r n =1 and
ken.Fig.4-5 show t h eo u t p u td a t ao p e r a t i o n andmodel b
n o i s e o r d e r n = 2 , F i g . 6 , show t h i s r e s u l t .
time response when t h e s y s t e m h a s b e e n e x c i t e d w i t h in .LC
p u td a t ao p e r a t i o n shows i n Fig.3. I t canbeobserved
t h a tb o t hc u r v e s( F i g s . 4-5) p r e s e n tt h e same c u a l i t a -
t i v e db e h a v i o r . The d i f f e r e n c e s c a n b e d u e t o : a ) t h e o -
r e t i c a l model o r d e r less thanthephysicalmodel.b)a
f i n i t e number o f n o n - l i n e a r i t i e s c o n s i d e r e d i n t h e mo-
d e l .c ) t h en u m e r i c a lv a l u e s of t h eo p e r a t i o nd a t aa r e
t h e r e s u l t s of t h e d a t a a c q u i s i t i o n p r o c e s s , whichin-
v o l v e sf i l t e r i n g ,q u a n t i z a t i o n andnumericalproces-
singwhich may introduceround-offerrors.

A
Fig.6.Y f o r n = 7 , n =1, n = 2
OP a b c

I V . CONCLUSIONS
-A 7thordernon-linearmathematical model was ob-
tained.
-As expected i t was o b s e r v e dt h a tt h er e f e r e n c e
e l e c t r o d ep o s i t i o n when t h ef u r n a c e i s working i s 30%
l e s st h a nt h et h e o r e t i c a lr e f e r e n c e .
-T'p.e model s e l e c t e d f r o m t h e r e s u l t s of t h e i d e n t i -
f i c a t i o nc o r r e s p o n d st o a systemorderna=7inputorder
n =1. Thesevaluesareinharmoniwiththemathemati-
b
Fig.3.Input Data Operation c a l model proposed.
L brrJ
-Inthecomparisonofthe two models,the mathemat&
c a l one and t h ei d e n t i f i e do n e ,t h e l a s t onegave the
b e s tr e s u l t s .

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Fig.5.Model T i m e Response
III.IDENTIFICATION
Anotherobjectiveofthis work i s t o i d e n t i f y t h e
electrodepositioncontrolsystemusingdataoperation.
S e v e r a l i d e n t i f i c a t i o n methodswereinvestigated1'4.Re-
c u r s i v e Maximum Likelihood method was chosen because it
produces good estimates even i n p r e s e n c e o f h i g h l e v e l
n o i s e s and i s widely employed f o r i n d u s t r i a l a p p l i c a -
tion2.
The o r d e r model determinationproblems was a l s o
considered3. I t was assumed t h a tt h es y s t e m model pro-
67