MILITARY INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NAVAL ARCHITECTURE AND MARINE ENGINEERING DEPT.

TOPIC: Scantling Calculation of a Ship

Submitted by:
NAME: HASNAIN ANIS
ID: 202124012
LEVEL: 03 TERM: 02
COURSE TITLE: Ship Design Project
Date: 23-08-2023
 Abstract
Scantling is a measurement of prescribed size, dimensions, or cross sectional areas. In
shipbuilding, the scantling refers to the collective dimensions of the framing (apart from the
keel) to which planks or plates are attached to form the hull. The word is most often used in the
plural to describe how much structural strength in the form of girders, I-beams, etc. is in a given
section.

In shipbuilding, the scantling refers to the collective dimensions of the framing (apart from the
keel) to which planks or plates are attached to from a hull. Ship structural scantlings are a
contract design level task. They form the general plan for the material thicknesses and section
profiles on a vessel.

The scantlings are based on rule books calculations. The classification society has a
published set of rules. The naval architect will use those rules to design the vessel structure. The
rule book followed here is “Germanischer Lloyd”.

Scantling Calculation
Principal Particulars
LOA 79
Breadth (m) 12
Depth (m) 5.18
Draft (m) 3.61
Speed (knot) 12
Block coefficient, Cb 0.8
Frame Spacing, a (m) 0.5
Web frame, e (m) 1.5
Material factor K (for normal strength hull 1
structure)
LBP 75
 1. BOTTOM SHELL PLATING:
[Ref: Chapter 01,section 6,Paragraph B.1, Page (6-2)]

The thickness tB of the bottom shell plating is not to be less than determined by the
following formula:

For ships without proven longitudinal strength:

tB= max [ tB1; tB2] within 0.1L forward of the aft end of the length L and
within 0.05L aft of F.P
t B 1=1.9 × nf × a × √ P B ×k + t K [mm]
t B 2=1.21 × a× √ P B ×k + t K [mm]

nf = factor to take the framing system into account (Chapter -1; section -6; Paragraph – A.2;
Page-6-1)
nf =1.00 [for transverse framing]
nf= 0.83 [for longitudinal framing]
f : probability factor for shell plating defined as:
f =1.00 for plate panels of the outer hull (shell plating,
weather decks)
f = 0.75 for secondary stiffening members of the outer
hull (frames, deck beams), but not less than fQ
as defined in Section 5, D.2.3
f = 0.60 for girders and girder systems of the outer hull
(web frames, stringers, grillage systems), but
not less than fQ / 1.25
(Chapter-1; Section-4; Paragraph–A.3; Page-4-3)
Material Factor, K = 1.0
[Ref: Chapter 01, section 2, Paragraph A.2, Page (2-1)]
Distribution factor, 𝐶𝐹= 1.0
[Ref: Chapter 01, section 4, Paragraph A.3(Table 4.1), Page (4-4)]
Service range coefficient,
 a. CRW = 1.0 for unlimited service range
b. CRW = 0.90 for restricted service area RSA (200)
c. CRW = 0.75 for restricted service area RSA (50)
d. CRW= 0.66 for restricted service area RSA (20)
e. CRW = 0.60 for restricted service area RSA (SW)

Wave coefficient,

C 0=
[ L
25 ]
+4.1 ×C RW for L < 90 m

¿
[ 75
25 ]
+ 4.1 ×0.6

¿ 4.26

Length coefficient, CL =
√ L
90
; for L < 90 m

¿
√ 75
90
¿ 0.913

PO =2.1× ( C b+ 0.7 ) . C0 . C L . f

¿ 2.1 × ( 0.8+ 0.7 ) ×4.26 × 0.913 ×1

2
¿ 12.25 KN /mm

PB =10 T + PO . C F

¿ 10 ×3.61+12.25 ×1
2
¿ 48.35 KN /m

'
t K =1.5 mm for t ≤ 10 mm

t B 1=1.9 × nf × a × √ P B × K +t K

¿ 1.9 ×0.83 × 0.5× √ 48.35 ×1+1.5

 ¿ 6.9827 mm

t B 2=1.21 × a× √ P B × K +t K

¿ 1.21 ×0.5 × √ 48.35× 1+ 1.5

¿ 5.7068 mm

Since the value of t B 1 >t B 2 , we take the thickness of Bottom Shell Plating 7 mm.

2. INNER BOTTOM SHELL PLATING:

[Ref: Chapter 01, section 8, Paragraph C.4.1, Page (8-6)]

The thickness t of the inner bottom plating is not to be less than determined by the following
formula:

t=1.1 ×a × √ P × K +t K

P = Design Pressure [ KN/m2¿

P=9.81× ℎ

ℎ=Deptℎ − Z+1

h = distance [ m ] from the load centre of the structure to a point 1m above the collision
bulkhead deck at the ship’s side, for the collision bulkhead to a point 1m above the upper edge
of the collision bulkhead at the ship’s side.
ℎ=5.18 −2.49+1
¿ 3.69
P=9.81× 3.69
P=36.1989 KN/m2

t=1.1 ×a × √ P × K +t K

¿ 1.1 ×0.5 × √ 36.1989 ×1+1.5

t=4.80 mm
Therefore, we take the thickness of Inner Bottom Shell Plating 5 mm
 3. FLAT KEEL PLATING: [Ref: Chapter 01, section 6, Paragraph B.4.1, Page
(6-4)]
The width b of the flat plate keel is not to be less than determined by the following formula:
b=800+5 L [ mm ]
¿ 800+5 ×75
¿ 1175mm
Taking width 1200 mm
The thickness tFK of the flat plate keel is not to be less than be determined by the following
formula:
t FK =t B 1+ 2mm

¿ 6.9827+2
¿ 8.9827 mm
Therefore, we take the thickness of Flat Keel plating 9 mm.

4. BILGE PLATING:
The thickness of the bilge strake is to be determined as required for the bottom plating according
to bottom shell plating.
Therefore, we take the thickness of Bilge plating 9 mm.

5. SIDE SHELL PLATING: [Ref: Chapter 01, section 6, Paragraph C, Page (6-4)]
The thickness ts of the side shell plating is not to be less than determined by the following
formula:
For ships without proven longitudinal strength:
t s 1=1.9 ×n f ×a × √ P s × K +t K mm

t s 2=1.21 ×a × √ P × K + t K mm
Z = 2.49 m

20
PS =PO ×C F × KN/m2 : [Ref: Chapter 01, section 4, Paragraph B.2, Page (4-5)]
10+ Z − T
20
¿ 12.25 ×1 ×
10+2.49 −3.61
2
¿ 27.59 KN /m
t s 1=1.9 ×n f ×a × √ P s × K +t K mm

¿ 1.9 ×1 ×0.5 × √ 27.59 ×1+1.5

¿ 6.49 mm

t s 2=1.21 ×a × √ P × K + t K mm

¿ 1.21 ×0.5 × √ 27.59 ×1+1.5

¿ 4.68 mm
Therefore, we take the thickness of Side Shell plating ts = 6.5 mm.

6. INNER SHELL PLATE THICKNESS: (Ref: Chapter 01, Section 11, Paragraph
B.1, Page 11-2)
The inner shell can be considered as a bulkhead. So, the thickness t of the bulkhead (Inner Shell) plating
is not to be less than determined by the following formula:

cp = 0.9 × √ f Here, cp = Coefficient of plating

= 0.9 × √ 1 f = material factor
= 0.9

p = 9.81 × h p = design pressure (KN/𝑚2)

= 9.81 × 3.69
= 36.1989 KN/𝑚2
t=C p × a × √ P+t K [ mm ]

¿ 0.9 ×0.5 × √ 36.1989+ 1.5

¿ 4.207 mm
Therefore, we take the thickness of Inner Side Shell plating t = 4.5 mm.
 7. MAIN DECK THICKNESS: (Ref: Chapter 01, Section 7, Paragraph B.4.3.1.1,
Page 7-6)
The thickness t of the main deck within 0.4L amidships outside line of hatchways is not
to
be less than determined by the following formula:
t min =( 4.5+ 0.05 L200 ) × √ k

¿ ( 4.5+ 0.05 ×75 ) × √ 1

¿ 8.25 mm
Therefore, we take the thickness of the Main Deck tmin = 8.5 mm

8. SHEER STRAKE: [Ref: Chapter 01, section 6, Paragraph C.3.1, Page (6-5)]

The width b of the sheerstrake is not to be less than determined by the following
formula:
b=800+5 L [ mm ]
¿ 800+5 ×75
¿ 1175mm
Therefore, we take the width of Sheer Strake B = 1200 mm.
The thickness ‘ t ’ of the sheer strake is not to be less than determined by the following formula:
t=0.5 × ( t D +t S ) mm witℎ t≥ t S

¿ 0.5 × ( 8.25+ 6.48 )

¿ 7.365 mm
t D =¿ required thickness of strength Deck= 8.25 mm

t S=required thickness of side shell=6.48 mm

Therefore, we take the thickness of Sheer Strake t = 7.5 mm.

9. DECK STRINGER: (Ref: Chapter 01, Section 7, Paragraph B.4.2.2, Page 7-6)
If the thickness of the strength deck plating is less than that of the side shell plating, a stringer
plate is to be fitted having the width of the sheer strake and the thickness of the side shell plating.
Therefore, we take the thickness of Deck Stringer t = 6.5 mm.

10. HATCH COAMING:

L300
t min =6+ +t
100 k
75
¿ 6+ +1.5
100
¿ 8.25 mm
Therefore, we take the thickness of Hatch Coaming t min = 8.5 mm.

11. SECTION MODULUS FOR MAIN FRAME: (Ref: Chapter 01, Section 9,
Paragraph B.2.1, Page9-2)

The section modulus WR and shear area AR of the main frames including and
attachments are not to be less than determined by following formula:

W R=n .m K 3 . ( 1− ma2) . mc .l 2 . P . K c m3

Where,
n= 0.9- (0.0035×75) = 0.6375
Lku Lko
mk3 = 1- ( + ×0.4)
l l
0.5
=1– ¿+ × 0.4)
2
= 0.8 m

[ ( )]
2
a a
ma = 0.204× × 4 −
l l

[ ( )]
2
0.5 0.5
= 0.204× × 4−
2 3.5

= 0.11597 m

W R=n .m K 3 . ( 1− ma2) . mc .l 2 . P . K

¿ 0.6375 × 0.8× {1 −¿
 3
¿ 63.78 c m
Therefore, we take the dimension of Main Frame L-80×80×8 mm.

12. SECTION MODULUS FOR WEB FRAME:

(Ref: Chapter 01, Section 9, Paragraph B.5.3.1, Page - 9-5)
Where web frames and supporting stringers are fitted instead of tiers of beams, their section
modulus W and web shear area at the supports A W are to be determined by the following
formulae:
2
W =0.55 ×e ×l × P × nc × K
2 3
¿ 0.55 ×1.65 ×3.5 × 27.59× 1× 1=306.715 c m
Therefore, we take the dimension of Web Frame T- 250×100×7 mm.

13. DECK BEAM: (Ref: Chapter 01, Section 10, Paragraph B.1.1, Page 10-2)

The section modulus Wd and shear area Ad of transverse deck beams and of deck longitudinals
not contributing to the longitudinal strength are to be not less than determined by the following
formulae:

W d=c × ( mKI 2 − ma2 ) × a ×l 2 × P× K cm3

1
lKI = hs + 0.3hb +
c1
= 0.2 + 0.3× 0.25 + 0
= 0.275
lKJ = hs + lb
= 0.2 + 1.2
= 1.4
0.275 −1.4
mk1 = 1- 3
10 ×3.5
=1

W d=c × ( mKI 2 − ma2 ) × a ×l 2 × P× K

¿ 0.75 × ( 1 − 0.115972 ) × 0.5× 3.52 × 36.1989

 3
¿ 164.052 cm
Therefore, we take the dimension of Deck Beam T-120×120×10 mm.

14. DECK GIRDER: (Ref: Chapter 01, Section 10, Paragraph B.2.2.1, Page 10-
3)
The section modulus W not to be less than determined by the following formula:
c = 0.75 for beams, girders and transverses which are simply supported at one or both ends
2
W =c × e × l × P × K
2
¿ 0.75 ×1.65 ×3.5 × 36.1989× 1
3
¿ 548.75 cm
Therefore, we take the dimension of Deck Girder T-250×8 +200×8 mm

15. DECK LONGITUDINAL: [Ref: Chapter 01, section 09, Paragraph C.3.2,
Page (9-8)]
Section modulus Wl and shear area Al of longitudinals and longitudinal beams of the strength
deck are not to be less than determined by the following formulae:

𝑊𝐿= σ × (𝑚2𝑘𝐼-𝑚2𝑎) × a × 𝑙2× P [cm3]

83

𝜎𝑝𝑟= Permissible local stress [ KN/𝑚2]

pr

=𝜎𝑝𝑒𝑟m - |𝜎𝐿|
𝜎𝐿=35= Longitudinal bending stress

𝜎𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚 = (0.8+
L 230
)×
450 K
75 230
= (0.8 + )×
450 1
= 222.33
𝜎𝑝𝑟=𝜎𝑝𝑒𝑟m – |𝜎𝐿|
= 222.33 – 35
= 187.33
𝑊𝐿= σ × (𝑚2𝑘𝐼-𝑚2𝑎) × a × 𝑙2× P [cm3]
83
pr

83
= × (12 - 0.115972 ) × 0.5 × 3.52 × 36.1989
187.33
= 96.915 cm3
Therefore, we take the dimension of Deck Longitudinal L-100×100×8 mm

16. BOTTOM LONGITUDINAL:

The section modulus of bottom longitudinal should not be less than

𝑊𝐵𝐿 = σ × (𝑚2𝑘𝐼-𝑚2𝑎) × a × 𝑙2× 𝑃𝐵 [cm3]

83
pr

=
83
× (12- 0.115972 ) × 0.5 × 3.52 × 48.35
187.33
= 129.45 cm3
Therefore, we take the dimension of Bottom Longitudinal L-100×100×12 mm

17. SIDE LONGITUDINAL:

[Ref: Chapter 01, section 09, Paragraph C.3.3, Page (9-8)]

The section modulus of side longitudinal should not be less than

𝑊S𝐿 = σ × (𝑚2𝑘𝐼-𝑚2𝑎) × a × 𝑙2× 𝑃S [cm3]

83
pr

83
= × (12 - 0.115972 ) × 0.5 × 3.52 × 27.59
187.33
= 73.86 cm3
Therefore, we take the dimension of Side Longitudinal L - 80×80×9 mm
18. CENTER GIRDER:
The web thickness within 0.7L amid-ship are not be less than determined by the following
formula:
𝑡𝑤= 0.07L + 5.5 mm
= 0.07×75 + 5.5
= 10.75 mm
𝐴𝑓 = 0.07L + 12 𝑐𝑚2
= 0.07×75 + 12
= 17.25 𝑐𝑚2
Therefore, we take the dimension of Centre Girder I - 1000×11 mm

Summary Table of Midship Scantling

Stiffening Members Dimensions [mm]

Center Keelson I – 1000X11

Side Keelson I – 1000X8

Bottom Longitudinal L – 100X100X12

Side shell Longitudinal L – 80X80X9

Deck Longitudinals L – 100X100X8

Web frame T – 250X100X7

Mainframe L – 80X80X8

Deck Beam L – 120X120X10

FB Stiffener 75X8
 Plate Width [mm] Thickness [mm]

Keel Plate 1200 9

Bottom Plate 2000 7

Bilge Plate 1200 9

Side Shell Plating 2000 6.5

Shear Strake Plating 1200 7.5

Deck Stringer 1200 7.5

Inner Shell Plating 2000 4.5

Inner Bottom Plating 2000 5

Hatch Coaming 1000 8.5