Time and Work Formulas

Work
Amount of job assigned or the amount of job actually done.

Relations between work, time and person: -

o Work & Person: Directly proportional i.e. more work, more person
required.
o Time & Person: Inversely proportional i.e. more people, less time
required.
o Work & time: Directly proportional i.e. more work, more time required.

Note: Work done is always considered to be equal to 1.

Rules: -
o If a person can do a piece of work in ‘n’ days/ hours then that person’s
one day’s/ hour’s work = 1/n
o If a person’s one day’s/ hour’s work = 1/n , then he will complete then he
will complete the work in ‘n’ days/ hours.
o If first person is ‘n’ times efficient than second person then work done by
first person : second person = n : 1
o If the ratio of number of men required to complete a work is m : n then the
ratio of time taken by them will be n : m.

Time and Work - Shortcuts and Tricks

Formulas Including Short Tricks:

# 1.
If persons can do W1 work in D1 days working T1 hours in a day and
M2 Persons can do W2 work in D2 days working T2 hours in a day then the
relationship between them is
Example: - 12 persons can make 20 toys in 10 days working 12 hours a day.
Then in how many days can 24 persons make 32 toys working 16 hours a
day?

# 2.
If A can do a piece of work in days and B can do the same work in days then
(A + B)’s one day work-

Time taken by (A + B) to complete the work –

If ‘n’ persons (more than two) are there then their one day’s work =

Where x1,x2, x3 …………… represents the number of days taken by them to

complete the work.

Example: - If A can do a piece of work in days and B can do the same work
in days. If both are working together, how many days will they take to
complete the work?
(A + B)’s one day work =

(A + B) will complete the whole work =

# 3.
If A & B can complete a work in days and A alone can finish that work in days
then number of days required by B to complete the work–

Example: - A & B together can do a piece of work in days and A alone can do
it in 18 days. In how many days can B alone do it?
# 4.
If A & B can do a piece of work in days, B & C can the same work in days and
A & C can do it in days, then working together A,B & C can do that work in–

Example: - A & B can do a piece of work in days, B & C can the same work
in 9 days and A & C can do it in days, then find the time in which A, B & C can
finish the work if they working together?

# 5.
If A can do a work in days and B can do faster than A, then B will complete
the work in -

Example: - Komal can do a work in days and Pooja is more efficient than
Komal to complete the same work, then find the total time taken to complete
the work by Pooja?

# 6.
If A takes days more to complete a work than the time taken by (A + B) to do
the same work and B takes y days more than the time taken by (A + B) to do
the same work then (A + B) do the work in √xy days –
Example: - If A alone does a piece of work, he takes days more than the time
taken by (A + B) to do complete the work, while B alone takes 9 days more
than the time taken by (A + B) to finish the work. What time A & B together will
take to finish the work?

# 7.
If A & B each alone can do a piece of work in days respectively. Both begin
together but –
I. A leaves the work ’n’ days before its completion, then total time taken for
completion of work :

II. B leaves the work ’n’ days before its completion, then total time taken for
completion of work :

Example: - A can do a piece of work in days while B can do it in days. They

begin together but 5 days before the completion of the work, B leaves off. Find
the total number of days for the work to be completed?

# 8.
If A & B do a piece of work in days respectively. Both begin together but after
some days, A leaves off & the remaining work is completed by B in ‘n’ days.

Then the time after which A left, is given by

Example: - A & B do a piece of work in days respectively. Both begin together
but after a certain time, A leaves off. In this case, B finishes the remaining
work in 20 days. After how many days did A leave?

Time, Speed and Distance Formulas and

Tricks
Published on Tuesday, November 28, 2017
Speed: - The rate at which an object travels to cover a certain distance. [Unit -
km/hr, m/sec]
Time: - The duration spent to cover a certain distance. [Unit - hr, min, sec]
Distance: - The length of the path travelled by an object between two places.
[Unit – km, m]

Relationship between Speed, Time & Distance

Speed= Distance/Time

Note: -
1) Unit of speed, time and distance should be in the same metric system.
2) 1 km/hr = 5m/18s

Formulas Including Short Tricks:

Trick 1.
Calculation of Speed when units are not belong to same metric system –
Speed= Distance/Time
Example: - A car covers 10 miles in 4 hrs. Find the speed of the car?
5 miles= 8 km
So, 10 miles= 16km
speed= 16/4 - 4 km/hr

Trick 2.
Calculation of distance if speed is constant –
D1
/T1 = D2/T2
Example: -A person covers km in 4 4/7 hrs. What distance will he cover in 7
hrs?
Trick 3.
Calculation of average speed if certain distance is covered at speed A &
same distance is covered at distance B –
Avg. Speed= 2AB/A+B

Example: - Ruchi covers a distance from her home to school by car at 25

km/hr and she returns back by scooter with a speed of 20 km/hr. Find the
average speed for the whole journey?

Trick 4.
Calculation of distance if two persons travels from point P to Q ( having
distance D) with given different speeds and second person reaches
point Q first, returns immediately and meet first person at R –

Example: - If Raju and Ravi travels from P to Q having the distance of 35 km

at 8 km/hr and 6 km/hr respectively. Raju reaches Q first and returns
immediately & meet Ravi at R. Find the distance travelled by Raju and Ravi?
Distance travelled by Raju = 2 ✕35 ✕ 8/14 = 40 km
Distance travelled by Ravi = 2✕35✕ 6/14= 30km

Trick 5.
Calculation of speed if two persons start running at the same time in opposite
direction (P & Q) between two points and after passing each other (R), they
complete their journey in x and y hr respectively –

Example: - Richa went out to cycle from P to Q and at the same time Pooja
starts to cycle from Q to P. After passing each other, they complete their
 journey in 16 hrs and 9 hrs respectively. If speed of the Richa is 27 km/hr then
what will be the speed of Pooja?

Trick 6.
Calculation of time if a person changes his speed (in fraction such has times)
of his original speed and reaches either late or early by t minutes –

Example: - Paresh increases his speed by times of his original speed and
reaches his office at 20 minutes before the fixed time. Find the usual time
taken by him?

Shortcut Tricks to Solve Boats and

Streams Questions
INTRODUCTION:
Downstream: If the boat is moving in the direction of the stream.
Upstream: If the boat is moving in the direction opposite to the direction of the
stream.
Assume the speed of the boat in still water as: ‘b’ kilometres per hour (kmph).
Take the speed of the stream as: ‘s’ kmph.
Hence Aggregate Downstream Speed = b + s kmph. (Boat is moving with
the steam of water).
Upstream Net Speed = b - s km/hr. (Boat is moving against the direction of
the stream).

: ½ (Downward Speed + Upward Speed)

Proof of Basic Formula
½ (Downstream Speed + Upstream Speed) = ½ [b + s + (b-s)] = ½ (2b) =
b
(Proved as per the assumption)

Speed of Stream: ½ (Downward Speed – Upward Speed)

Proof of Basic Formula
½ (Downward Speed – Upward Speed) = ½ [b + s – (b-s)] = ½ [b + s - b +
s] = ½ (2 s} = s
(Proved as per the assumption).

ALWAYS REMEMBER:
o Speed of boat is always greater than the speed of the stream.
o Downstream speed is always greater than the upward speed.

EXAMPLES:
Example 1.
A man can row a boat @ 9 kmph in still water. He takes double the time
to move upstream than to move the downstream – the same distance.
Find the speed of the stream.
Solution:
ATQ (According to Question) and formula given above:
→Let the downward time = 1 hour and so the upward time = 2 hours.
→1/9+s = 2/9-s (Since distance is the same)
→18 + 2 s = 9 – s (By cross multiplication)
→18 – 9 = s + 2 s
→9 = 3 s
Hence s or Speed of stream = 9/3 = 3 kmph Answer.
OR
Simply
→b + s = 2(b –s)
→i.e. b + s = 2b – 2s
→i.e. s + 2s = 2b –b
Or
→b = 3s or 9 = 3s (b = 9 is given) = 3 kmph Answer

Example 2.
A boat runs at 20 kmph along the stream and 10 kmph against the
stream. Find the ratio of speed of the boat in still water to that of the
speed of the stream.
Solution:
→ ATQ (According to Question) and formula given above:
→ Speed of Boat = ½ (20 + 10) = 15 kmph.
→ Speed of Stream = ½ (20 – 10) = 5 kmph.
→ Ratio: 15:5 = 3:1 Answer.

Example 3.
Find the time taken by the boatman to row 4 kilometres downstream and
return to his starting point, if the speed or rate of stream is 2 kilometres
per hour and the speed of the boat is 6 kilometres per hour.
Solution:
ATQ (According to Question) and formula given above:
→ Time = Distance/Speed
→ Time taken = 4/6+2 + 4/6-2 = 4/8 + 4/4 = 0.5 + 1 = 1.5 Hour.

Example 4.
If the speed of the stream is 2 km per hour, and the speed of the boat in
still waters is 10 km per hour then find the time taken to cover 60 kms
downstream.
Solution:
→ ATQ (According to Question) and formula given above:
→ 60/10+2 = 60/12 = 5 hours Answer.
Example 5.
Find the speed of the stream when a boat takes 5 hours to travel 60 kms
downstream at a rate of 10 kms per hour in still water.
Solution:
ATQ (According to Question) and formula given above:
→ Speed b + s = 60/5 = 12 kmph
→ Speed b = 10 kmph
→ So, speed s = 12-10 = 2 kmph Answer.

Example 6.
A boat covers a certain distance in one hour downstream with the speed
of 10 kmph in still water and the speed of current is 4 kmph. Then find
out the distance travelled.
Solution:
ATQ (According to Question) and formula given above:
→ Distance = Speed x Time = 1 x (10+4) = 14 kms. Answer

Example 7.
A boat takes 6 hours to cover 36 km downstream and 8 hours to cover
32 km upstream. Then the speed of the boat in still water is?
Solution:
ATQ (According to Question) and formula given above:
→ Speed of Boat = ½ (36/6 + 32/8) = ½ (6+4) = ½(10) = 5 kmph Answer.

Example 8.
A boat takes 6 hours to cover 36 km downstream and 8 hours to cover
32 km upstream. Then the speed of the stream is?
Solution:
ATQ (According to Question) and formula given above:
→ Speed of Stream ½ (36/6 – 32/8) = ½ (6-4) = ½ (2) = 1 kmph Answer.

Example 9.
If a man rows 6 km downstream in 3 hours and 2 km upstream in 2 hours
then how long will he take to cover 9 kms in stationary (still) water?
Solution:
ATQ (According to Question) and formula given above:
→ Speed of Boat in still waters = ½ (6/3 + 2/2) = ½ (2 + 1) = 1.5 kmph
→ Time taken for 9 kms = 9/1.5 = 6 hours Answer

Problems Based on Trains Made Easy.

A train is said to have crossed an object (stationary or moving) only when the
last coach (end) of the train crosses the said object completely. It implies that
the total length of the train has crossed the total length of the object.

In case of Train, The Distance covered by the Train = Length of Train +

Length of Object

You have to keep in mind some Formulae which are given below:

Conversion of km/hr into meter/sec

Following formula is used in this case

Conversion of meter/sec into km/h

The formula is:

We can find the basic formula for the time required for a train to cross different
type of objects.
Different types of Objects
On the basis of various types of objects that a train has to cross, we find the
following different cases:

Question
A train 110 meter long travels at 60 km/h. How long does it take to cross,
a) a telegraph post
b) a man running at 6 km/h in the same direction
c) a man running at 6 km/h in the opposite direction
d) a platform 240 meter long
e) another train 170 meter long standing on another parallel track
f) another train 170 meter long, running at 54 km/h in same direction
g) another train 170 meter long, running at 80 km/h in opposite direction

Solution
a) We have to convert the speed of train from km per hour to meter per
second by applying following formula:
Speed of Train = 60 km/h × 5/18 m/sec
The telegraph post is a stationary object with negligible length so following
formula will be applied:
t = Length of Train/Speed of Train
Crossing Time =

b) The man is running in the same direction that means object is moving but
of negligible length. Hence, formula will be:
Time = Length of Train / Speed of Train - Speed of Man
Crossing Time =

c) The man is running in the opposite direction so following formula will be

applied:
Crossing Time = Length of Train / Speed of Train + Speed of Man
Crossing Time =

d) The platform is stationary but of some length so, following formula will be
applied:
Crossing Time = Length of Train + Length of Platform / Speed of Train
e) Another Train is standing (stationary), so following formula will be applied:
Crossing Time = Length of First Train + Length of Second (Stationary) Train /
Speed of Train

f) Another train is running in the same direction, then following formula will be
applied:
Crossing Time = (Length of First Train + Length of Second Train) / (Speed of
First Train - Speed of Second Train)

Crossing Time =
168 Seconds = 2 minutes 48 seconds

g) Another train is running in opposite direction so following formula will be

applied
Crossing Time = Length of First Train + Length of Second Train / Speed of

Pipes and Cisterns - Concepts and

Tricks
Published on Friday, June 10, 2016

Pipes and cisterns problems are almost the same as those of

Time and work problems. Thus, if a pipe fills a tank in 6 hrs,
then the pipe fills 1/6th of the tank in 1 hr. the only
difference with Pipes and Cisterns problems is that there are
outlets as well as inlets. Thus, there are agents (the outlets)
which perform negative work too. The rest of the process is almost
simi

INLET: An inlet pipe is connected with a tank and it fills tank.

OUTLET: A outlet pipe is connected with a tank and it empties tank.

Formulae
(i) If a pipe can fill a tank in m hrs, then the part filled in 1 hr =1/m.

(ii) If a pipe can empty a tank in n hrs, then the part of the full tank emptied in
1 hr = 1/n .

(iii) If a pipe can fill a tank in m hrs and the another pipe can empty the full
tank in n hrs, then the net part filled in 1 hr, when both the pipes are opened
=[1/m- 1/n]

∴ Time taken to fill the tank, when both the pipes are opened = mn/( n-m)

(iv) If a pipe can fill a tank in m hrs and another can fill the same tank in n hrs,
then the net part filled in 1 hr, when both the pipes are opened = [1/n- 1/m]

∴ Time taken to fill the tank = mn/(n-m)

(v) If a pipe fills a tank in m hrs and another fills the same tank in n hrs, but a
third one empties the full tank in p hrs, and all of them are opened together,

∴ Time taken to fill the tank =mnp/(np+mp-mn) hrs.

the net part filled in 1 hr = [1/m+ 1/n-1/p]

(vi) A pipe can fill a tank in m hrs. Due to a leak in the bottom it is filled in n
hrs. if the tank is full, the time taken by the leak to empty the tank = mn/(n-m)
hrs.

Question 1.

Two pipes P and Q can fill a tank in 30 hours and 45 hours respectively. If both the pipes
are opened together, how much time will be taken to fill the tank?
 Question 2
A pipe can fill a tank in 25 hrs. Due to a leakage in the bottom, it is filled in 50 hrs. If the
tank is full, how much time will the leak take to empty it?

Question 3.
Pipe P can fill a tank in 40 hours while Pipe Q alone can fill it in 50 hours and Pipe R can
empty the full tank in 60 hours. If all the pipes are opened together, how much time will
be needed to make the tank full?
 Question 4.
Two pipes A and B can fill a cistern in 1.5 hour and 100 minutes respectively.There is
also an outlet C. If all the three pipes are opened together, the tank is full in 60 minutes.
How much time will be taken by C to empty the full tank?

Question 5.
Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 16 minutes and 24 minutes respectively. If both the
pipes are opened simultaneously, after how much time should B be closed so that that
the tank is full in 12 minutes?
 Question 6.
If two pipes function simultaneously, the reservoir is filled in 12 hrs. One pipe fills the
reservoir 10 hrs faster than the other. How many hrs does the faster pipe take to fill the
reservoir?

But x can’t be –ve, hence the faster pipe will fill the reservoir in 20 hrs.
 Question 7.
A tank has a leak which would empty it in 12 hrs. A tap is turned on which admits 6
litres a minutes into the tank, and it is now emptied in 16 hrs. How many litres does the
tank hold?

Profit and loss Formulas

Published on Tuesday, November 07, 2017

Profit and loss problems involve various terms like Cost price, Selling
price, Marked price and Discount etc. Basically, it is a difference
between selling price and cost price.

Cost price is the price paid to purchase an article or a product or we can say
it is a cost incurred in manufacturing an article.

Selling price is the price at which a product is sold.

6 Commonly used Profit and loss Formulas :

1) Calculation of Profit:
Profit or gain = Selling price(S.P) - Cost price(C.P)

⇒ Selling Price = Cost Price + Profit

in other ,
2) Calculation of Loss

Loss = Cost price - Selling price

Data Sufficiency Questions, Tips and

Method
Published on Saturday, August 24, 2013

Data sufficiency is an important part of quantitative aptitude section

of every competitive exam including IBPS, LIC, Civil
services, CAT and GMAT. In almost every exam there are several
questions from data sufficiency.

Most of the candidates try to solve data sufficiency questions by

guess work. As every question carries same marks, questions in this
part also deserve some time. Instead of guess work use a simple
strategy as give below and avoid guessing the answer.

Steps in solving Data Sufficiency questions

1) Read the given problem. Don't assume anything except universal
facts.
2) Take the first statement and combine it with main statement. Try
to find the answer.
3) If you are unable to find the answer using 2nd step then combine
second statement and combine it with main statement and try to
find answer.
4) If you are unable to find an answer using second statement then
add both statements with main statement and try to find answer
5) If even now you can't find answer, simply tick both statements
are insufficient.

Directions :-
Marks A as answer if statement I alone is sufficient to answer the
question
Marks B as answer if statement II alone is sufficient to answer the
question
Marks C as answer if statement I and II together are sufficient to
answer the question but neither statement aloneis sufficient to
answer the question

Data Sufficiency questions and answers

Question 1. How many people are there in the plain ?

Statement I : 25% passengers are women and 35% are children.
Statement II : There are 24 men in the plain
Answer
From Statement I we can conclude that there are 40% men in the
plain but we can't find the exact number of passengers
From Statement two : Number of men passengers = 24
By combining both the statements we get, total number of
passengers = 24 * 100/40 = ( you don’t need to calculate the
answer )
Hence answer is C
Question 2. What is the difference between monthly income of
Ram and Chaaru
Statement I : Ram earns Rs 6000 less than Shaam
Statement II : Chaaru earns Rs 6000 more than Shaam.
Answer : In this question we don't need to in depth. Simply there is
difference of Rs 12000

Question 3. Is x divisible by 28 ?
Statement I : x is divisible by 20
Statement II : x is divisible by 84
Answer. Using statement I - x is divisible by 4 and 5
Using statement II - x is divisible by 3,4, and 7.
By using both statements we can conclude that x is divisible by 28
( 4*7), hence answer is C.

Question 4. P,Q,R,S and T are five friends. Their mean age is 18.
What is the age of R ?
Statement I : P's age is 18
Statement II : Q's age is 2 years less than T and T's age is 6 years
less than S.
Statement III : R's age is 6 years more than B's age and 4 years
more than T's age.
Answer : P+Q+R+S+T = 90
From Statement I : Q+R+S+T = 72
From Statement II : Q = T - 2 and T=S - 6
So S = T + 6
Statement III : R = Q+6 and R = T + 4
Age of every friend can be defined in terms of T's age by using all
three statements. So we can reach the answer using all three
statements. Hence answer is C.

Tips to solve Data Sufficiency questions

o Never try to reach final answer as it is not asked. You need to
find whether the information provided is enough to solve the
given problem or not.
o Never make any assumption. Use only universal rules { eg. a +
b = a + b - (a U b) }
o Try to solve questions by using above strategies
o Solve question step by step. First try to find answer using first
statement then second and finally with both. Then mark the
answer
o Even if you find answer with only one statement, then try to find
answer with remaining statement as sometimes there is an
option that answer can be find with both statements separately.
o Move on quickly and mark answer can't be found in case you are
unable to reach any conclusion with information provided.