Jan 2020 Review

[Q3.7-5]
The figures below show T joints of mild steel made by complete joint penetration welding (Fig.
(a)) and filet welding (Fig. (b)). Obtain the allowable load P for each T joint subjected to a shear
load according to the calculation process below.

Suppose that the yield stresses and tensile strengths of base metal and deposit metal are
respectively 240 N/mm2 and 400 N/mm2, the allowable tensile stress is whichever is smaller
between 1/1.5 of yield stress and ¼ of tensile strength, the allowable shear stress is the
allowable tensile stress multiplied by 0.6, bending stress and stress concentration are out of
consideration, and 1/√2 = 0.7. Obtain the leg length S which makes the allowable loads for
Figs. (a) and (b) the same.

(Answer procedure)
(1) For complete joint penetration weld as shown in Fig. (a):
Since the effective throat area is ( j ) mm2 and the allowable stress is ( k ) N/mm2,
the allowable load for the T joint made by complete joint penetration weld P is ( l )
kN.
(2) For fillet weld as shown in Fig.(b):
Since the leg length (size) is S, the throat thickness is ( m ) x S (mm) and the effective
throat area is ( n ) x S (mm2). Since the allowable stress is ( o ) N/mm2, the allowable
load for the fillet weld is ( p ) x S (N).
(3) From the condition that the allowable load for Fig. (a) equals that for Fig. (b), the leg
length (size) S is ( q ) mm.

Solution:
Complete Joint Penetration (Fig. (a))
Fillet Weld (Fig. (b))

P=?
Yield stress of Base metal = 240 N/mm2
Tensile strength of deposited metal = 400 N/mm2

σ ɑ Allowable tensile stress = 1/1.5 of Yield stress or ¼ of Tensile strength (whichever is lower)

τɑ Allowable shear stress = Allowable tensile stress x 0.6

s = ? for Pa = Pb
1/√2 = 0.7

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?
1/1.5 YS ≥ ¼ TS
1/1.5 x 240 N/mm2 ≥ ¼ x 400 N/mm2
2/3 x 240 N/mm2 ≥ ¼ x 400 N/mm2
160 N/mm2 ≥ 100 N/mm2 therefore use 100 N/mm2

τɑ= 0.6 σ ɑ= 0.6 x 100 N/mm2= 60 N/mm2 •

Using Fig. (a)

τɑ = Pa / Aa

but Aa = effective throat area = 10mm x 200mm = 2,000mm Œ

60 N/mm2 = Pa / 2,000mm

Pa = 120,000 N or 120 kN Ž

Using Fig. (b)

Throat of (b) = 1/√2 x s = 0.7s •

Ab = Effective throat = 0.7s (2) (200mm) = 280s •
τɑ = Pb / Ab

but Pa = Pb (same load) = 60 N/mm2 ‘

60 N/mm2 = Pb /280s

Pb = 16,800s ’

120,000N = 16,800 N/mm x s

S = 7.14mm ≈ 8mm “

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[Q3.7-6]
A steel piece with the dimensions as shown in the figure below was required to be attached to
a base plate of relatively thin steel plate by weld-all-around fillet welding as shown in the figure
below. Calculate the load P (kN) by filling the blanks in the process below supposing that the
bending moment acting to the weld is out of consideration, the yield stress and the tensile
strength of the base metal are respectively 240 N/mm2 and 440 N/mm2, the allowable tensile
stress σɑ is whichever is smaller between two thirds of the yield stress and a half of the tensile
strength, and the allowable shear stress τɑ is 60% of the allowable tensile stress σɑ. Use
1/√2= 0.7 if necessary in calculation.

(Answer procedure)
Design Standard for Steel Structures by Architectural Institute of Japan specifies that that the
size S of fillet weld shall not be larger than the thickness of the thinner base metal L and that
the size of fillet weld shall not be smaller than 1.3√t2 mm as well as 4mm where t2 is the
thickness of the thicker base metal.

Since the thickness of thinner base metal is ( j ) mm and that of the thicker one is ( k )
mm, ( l ) mm ≥ S ≥ ( m ) mm if the numbers of j and m are round to one decimal place.

Since th eminimum value is used as the size of fillet weld, the throat is ( n ) mm if the figures
below the first decimal place are cut off and the effective weld length is ( o ) mm, hence the
effective throat area is ( p ) mm2.

Since the allowable tensile stress is ( q ) N/mm2 and the weld is of fillet, the allowable stress
of the weld is ( r ) N/mm2. Consequently, the load the steel piece can bear is ( s ) kN if
calculation is made to one decimal place.

Solution:

Weld-all-round fillet welding

P=?

Yield stress = 240 N/mm2

Tensile strength = 440 N/mm2

σ ɑ Allowable tensile stress = 2/3 Yield stress or ½ of Tensile strength (whichever is lower)

τɑ Allowable shear stress = 60% of Allowable tensile stress = 0.6 σ ɑ

1/√2= 0.7

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L ≥ s ≥1.3√t2 or s ≥ 4mm (Note: refer to p.3-50)

Where L = thickness of thinner base metal = 7.0mm Œ and Ž
t2 = thickness of thicker base metal = 25mm •

1.3 √t2 = 1.3 √25 = 6.5mm •

Between 7.0mm and 6.5mm, use the lower value, 6.5mm for s

Throat, a = s x 1/√2 = 6.5 x 0.7 = 4.55mm ≈ 4.5 mm •

Effective throat, A = a x ∑L
Where ∑L = 25mm + 50mm + 25mm +50mm = 150mm ‘
A = 4.5mm x 150mm = 675mm ’
?
2/3 YS ≥ 1/2TS
?
2/3 x 240 N/mm2 ≥ 1/2 x 440 N/mm2
160 N/mm2 ≤ 220 N/mm2 therefore use lower value, 160 N/mm2

σ ɑllow = 160 N/mm2 “

τɑllow = 0.6 σ ɑllow = ”
0.6 x 160 N/mm2= 96 N/mm2
τɑllow =P/A

96 N/mm2 = P / 675 mm2

P = 64,800N or 64.8kN •

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 Jan 2020 Review

Q 12 / Oct. 2015, Indonesia 2017

Calculate the maximum allowable load P shown in the following lifting piece.
Allowable shear stress is 120Mpa (N/mm2)
Fillet weld size(s) is 10mm
1/Ҁ2 = 0.7 is used

τ = P/A
τ = P/Σ L * a
but : a = s/√2 = 0.7s
τ = P/Σ L * 0.7s
2
120 N/mm = P /(60+20+60+20)mm (0.7) (10mm)
2
P = (120 N/mm ) (60+20+60+20) mm (0.7) (10mm)
P = 134,000 N

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 Jan 2020 Review

Q3.6-3
The specified standard efficiencies (example) of welded joints are listed in the Table.
Supposing that a tensile load of 103 ton is applied on both side butt welded joint with plate
width = 500mm, calculate the joint (plate) thickness required:
When radiographic inspection is made.
When radiographic inspection is not made.
The allowable stress of the base metal shall be 10.5 kgf/mm2.

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 Jan 2020 Review

Q3.6-2
In fillet welds loaded in shear shown in the figure below, calculate and determine the effective
weld length L (mm) for the side fillet joint.
Materials both of plate and pipe are high tensile steels (YS: 360MPa class). The thickness of
plate is 9mm and the outer diameter and thickness of inserted pipe is 101.6mm and 5mm,
respectively.
The conditions for calculation are maximum tensile load = 100kN (10 tons), the size of the fillet
weld is 4mm, the specified allowable shear stress = 110N/mm2 (or 11 kg/mm2), and the
influence of bending and stress concentration may be neglected.
Show the calculating formulas as well. (Note: In the calculation, 1/Ҁ2 =0.7 may be used.

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 Jan 2020 Review

[Q3.6-5]
When 1.6MPa steam pressure (p) is applied inside a cylindrical boiler drum with a diameter of
1200mm (D), determine the minimum required plate thickness (t), provided the allowable stress
of the material is 80 MPa (σa) and the joint efficiency (η) is 0.9 (90%).
The circumferential stress of a thin wall cylinder can be computed by the formula
s q = pD / 2t
and the longitudinal stress can be computed by the formula
s t = pD / 4t
where,
p: pressure, D: diameter, t: thickness.

t=?

σθ = pD/2t (use this since circumferential stress is higher than longitudinal stress)

but σθ / σɑ = η
σθ = η/ σɑ = 0.9 (80 x 103 N/mm2)
0.9 (80 x 103 N/mm2) = pD/2t
0.9 (80 x 103 N/mm2) = [(1.6 x 103 N/mm2) (1,200mm)] / 2t
t = [(1.6 x 103 N/mm2) (1,200mm)] / [0.9 (80 x 103 N/mm2) (2)]
t = 13.33mm or 14mm

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 Jan 2020 Review

[Extra]
What is the maximum load allowed to a component made by the side fillet welding subjected to a
shearing force P (kN) as shown in the figure below? Suppose that the material is a mild steel,
the tensile strengths of both base metal and weld metal are 420N/mm2 and the allowable shear
stress τa is 0.15 times as much as the tensile strength. It is not necessary to take bending and
stress concentration into consideration. A formula should also be shown. Here, 1/ 2 =0.707 is
used.

τa = 0.15 σɑ = 0.15 (420 N/mm2) = 63 N/mm2

σɑ = P/A = P/(a)(∑L)
but a = s/√2 = 0.707s=0.707(8)
∑L = 200mm + 200mm = 400mm

63 N/mm2 = P/[(400mm)(0.707)(8)mm]

P = 63 N/mm2 [(400mm)(0.707)(8)mm] = 142,531 N or 142kN (rounded off to the safe side)

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 Jan 2020 Review

[Extra]
Design the plate thickness of the butt joint shown in (b) in order to assure the same joint strength
with the fillet weld joint shown in (a). Suppose the same steel in both joints

For Fig.(a)

σa = P/A = P/(∑L) (1/√2) (s) = P/(∑L) (0.707) (s) = P/(100mm+100mm) (0.707) (8mm)
For Fig. (b)

σb = P/A = P/(100mm) (t)

But σa = σb

P/(100mm+100mm) (0.707) (8mm) = P/(100mm) (t)

t = (200mm) (0.707) (8mm) / 100mm

t = 11.3mm ≈ 12mm

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