Micro Project On

“Climate Change”

Submitted by
38. Shwetali Charwad

Under Guidance of
Mrs. S. C. Lad

Diploma Course in Information Technology

(As per directives of I Scheme, MSBTE)

Sinhgad Institutes
Sinhgad Technical Education Society’s
SOU. VENUTAI CHAVAN POLYTECHNIC, PUNE - 411041
ACADEMIC YEAR 2024– 2025
 Maharashtra State Board of technical
Education Certificate

This is to certify that Ms. Shwetali Charwad with Roll No. 38 of

Third Semester of Diploma in Information Technology of
Institute Sou. Venutai Chavan Polytechnic (Code:0040) has
successfully completed the Micro-Project in Environmental
Studies (22447) for the academic year 2024-2025.

Place: SVCP, Pune Enrollment No: 2200400188

Date: Exam Seat No:

Mrs. S. C. Lad Mr. U. S. Shirshetti Dr. M. S. Jadhav

Course Teacher Head of Department Principal

 Annexure – I
Part A-Micro project proposal

A. BRIEF INTRODUCTION:

Climate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time, with far-reaching
consequences for our planet and its inhabitants. The scientific consensus is clear: human
activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, are releasing massive
amounts of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, into the atmosphere,
leading to a global average temperature increase of over 1°C since the late 19th century. This
warming is melting polar ice caps, raising sea levels, and altering weather patterns, resulting
in more frequent and severe heatwaves, droughts, and storms.

B. AIM OF THE PROJECT:

The project is entitled “Climate Change” is aimed that It has the potential to Create a world
where all people have access to sustainable energy, water, food, and livelihoods, and where
the natural environment is protected and preserved for future generations.

C. INTENTED COURSE OUTCOME:

a) Develop public awareness about environment.

b) Select alternative energy resources for engineering practice.
c) Converse ecosystem and biodiversity.
d) Apply techniques to reduce Environmental Pollution.
e) Manage social issues and environmental ethics as lifelong learning.

D. RESOURCES REQUIRED:

Name of Resource
Sr. No. Specification
Required
1. Laptop Dell - i7 ,16 GB RAM
2. Operating system Windows 11
3. Software Google chrome
ACTION PLAN:

SR.NO. DETAIL OF ACTIVITY WEEK

1 Discussion and finalization of topic
2 Preparation and submission of
Abstract
3 Literature Review
4 Collection of Data
5 Discussion and outline of Content
6 Editing and proof Reading of Content
7 Compilation of Report and
Presentation
8 Final submission of Micro Project

GROUP MEMBERS:

Roll. No. Name of group members

38 Shwetali Charwad
 Annexure II
Part B- Micro-Project
1. Rationale

The world today is facing the biggest challenge of survival. Degradation of ecosystem,
depletion of natural resources, increasing levels of pollution pose major threat to the area of
environmental aspects, which shall provide an insight into various environmental related
issues. Environmental studies are an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physical,
chemical and biological sciences, with the study of the environment. It provides an integrated,
quantitative, and interdisciplinary approach to the study of environmental system & gives an
insight into solution of environmental problems.

2. Course Outcome Addressed

a) Develop public awareness about environment.
b) Select alternative energy resources for engineering practice.
c)Converse ecosystem and biodiversity.
d)Apply techniques to reduce Environmental Pollution.

3. Actual Method Followed

The process for this micro project is to make a "Climate Change"

We collect information and organize by following points:

1. Collect the information on Notepad.

2. Show the information to faculty.
3. Learn about layers of atmospheres.
4. First make a raw report and then correct it.
5. After all the corrections make a proposal.
6. Prepare a project on “Climate Change”
7. Make pdf of report and print it.
 ANNEXURE III
Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project

Academic Year: 2024-2025 Name of the Faculty: Mrs. S. C. Lad

Course: Environmentals Studies (22447) Semester: Fifth

Title of the project: " Ozone Layer."

COs addressed by Micro Project:

S. No Course Outcomes
a) Develop public awareness about environment.
b) Select alternative energy resources for engineering practice.
c) Converse ecosystem and biodiversity.
d) Apply techniques to reduce Environmental Pollution.

Major learning outcomes achieved by students by doing the project

(A)Unit outcomes in Cognitive domain:

1a. Need of public awareness about environment.

1b. Environmental issues:- Green house effects, climate change, global

warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents.

Comments/suggestions about team work /leadership/inter-personal

communication (if any)

…………………………………………………………………………
Marks out of 6 Marks out of 4
Roll for performance for performance
No Name of the Student in group activity in oral/ Total Marks
(D5 Col.8) presentation out of 10
(D5 Col.9)
38 Shwetali Charwad

(Name & Signature)

Introduction

Climate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time, with far-reaching consequences
for the environment, human health, and the economy. This report provides an overview of the
current state of climate change, its causes and impacts, and the efforts being made to mitigate
and adapt to its effects.
 Causes of Climate Change :-

Climate change is primarily caused by human activities that release greenhouse gases, such as
carbon dioxide and methane, into the atmosphere. These gases trap heat and lead to global
warming.

The main causes of climate change are:

1. Burning of fossil fuels: The burning of coal, oil, and gas for energy releases large
amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
2. Deforestation: The clearing of forests for agriculture, urbanization, and other purposes
releases carbon dioxide and reduces the ability of forests to act as carbon sinks.
3. Land use changes: Changes in land use, such as the conversion of natural habitats to
agricultural land or urban areas, can lead to the release of stored carbon into the
atmosphere.
4. Agriculture: The production of meat, especially beef, and other animal products leads
to the release of methane and nitrous oxide.

 Impacts of Climate Change:

Climate change has a wide range of impacts on the environment, human health, and the
economy.

Some of the most significant impacts include:

1. Rising sea levels: The melting of glaciers and ice sheets, and the expansion of seawater
as it warms, are causing sea levels to rise.
2. Extreme weather events: Climate change is leading to an increase in extreme weather
events, such as heatwaves, droughts, and heavy rainfall.
3. Water scarcity: Changes in precipitation patterns and increased evaporation due to
warmer temperatures are leading to water scarcity in many regions.
4. Loss of biodiversity: Climate change is altering ecosystems and leading to the loss of
biodiversity, as plants and animals are unable to adapt to changing conditions.
 5. Negative impacts on human health: Climate change is increasing the spread of
disease, heat stress, and other health problems.

 Efforts to Mitigate and Adapt to Climate Change

There are many efforts underway to mitigate and adapt to climate change.

Some of the most significant efforts include:

1. Transition to renewable energy: The transition to renewable energy sources, such as

solar and wind power, is reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate
change.
2. Energy efficiency: Improving energy efficiency in buildings and industry is reducing
energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.
3. Electrification of transportation: The transition to electric vehicles is reducing
greenhouse gas emissions from transportation.
4. Carbon capture and storage: The development of carbon capture and storage
technologies is reducing greenhouse gas emissions from industrial sources.
5. Climate-resilient infrastructure: The development of climate-resilient infrastructure,
such as sea walls and levees, is protecting communities from the impacts of climate
change
What is Climate Change?

Climate change refers to the long-term warming of the planet, which is primarily caused by the
increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere. These gases, such as carbon
dioxide and methane, trap heat from the sun and prevent Climate change refers to the long-term
warming of the planet, which is primarily caused by the increasing levels of greenhouse gases
in the Earth's atmosphere. These gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, trap heat from the
sun and prevent it from being released back into space, leading to a rise in global temperatures.
it from being released back into space, leading to a rise in global temperatures
Causes of Climate Change:-
1. Global warming
2. Greenhouse gases
3. Atmospheric changes
4. Sea-level rise
5. Impacts on ecosystems

1. Global Warming:
Global warming refers to the long-term rise in the average surface temperature of the Earth

due to the increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These gases, such as

carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor, trap heat from the sun and prevent it from being

released back into space, leading to a warming effect on the planet.

 Causes of Global Warming:

1. Burning of fossil fuels: The burning of coal, oil, and gas for energy releases large
amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, leading to a significant increase in
greenhouse gases.
2. Deforestation: The clearance of forests for agriculture, urbanization, and other
purposes releases carbon stored in trees and reduces the ability of forests to absorb
carbon dioxide.
3. Land-use changes: Changes in land use, such as the conversion of natural habitats to
agricultural land or urban areas, lead to the release of stored carbon and reduce the
ability of ecosystems to sequester carbon.
4. Agriculture: The production of meat, especially beef, and other animal products leads
to the release of methane and nitrous oxide, two potent greenhouse gases.
5. Industrial processes: The production of cement, steel, and other industrial processes
also release large amounts of greenhouse gases
2. Greenhouse Gases:
Greenhouse gases are gases in the Earth's atmosphere that absorb and emit radiation, trapping
heat and contributing to the Greenhouse Effect. The main greenhouse gases are:
1. Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Released through human activities such as burning fossil
fuels, deforestation, and land-use changes.
2. Methane (CH4): Released through human activities such as agriculture, natural gas
production and transport, and landfills.
3. Nitrous Oxide (N2O): Released through human activities such as agriculture,
industrial processes, and the burning of fossil fuels.
4. Water Vapor (H2O): The most abundant greenhouse gas, but its concentration is
largely controlled by temperature.
5. Ozone (O3): Created in the stratosphere through the interaction of ultraviolet radiation
and oxygen molecules
3. Atmospheric Changes
Atmospheric changes refer to the variations in the composition and properties of the Earth's
atmosphere over time. These changes can be caused by natural and human-induced factors, and
can have significant impacts on the environment, climate, and human health.
Types of Atmospheric Changes:
 Temperature Changes: Changes in the average temperature of the atmosphere,
including global warming and cooling.
 Composition Changes: Changes in the concentration of gases in the atmosphere, such
as the increase in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
 Humidity Changes: Changes in the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which
can affect precipitation patterns and climate.
 Cloud Changes: Changes in the type, amount, and distribution of clouds, which can
affect climate and weather patterns.
 Aerosol Changes: Changes in the amount and type of aerosols in the atmosphere,
which can affect climate and air quality.

Causes of Atmospheric Changes:

1. Human Activities: Burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and land-use changes, which
release greenhouse gases and aerosols into the atmosphere.
2. Natural Factors: Volcanic eruptions, changes in Earth's orbit, and solar variability,
which can affect the amount of solar energy the planet receives.
4. Sea-Level Rise
Sea-level rise is the increase in the average height of the ocean's surface over time, primarily
caused by the melting of glaciers and ice sheets, and the thermal expansion of seawater as it
warms. This phenomenon has significant implications for coastal ecosystems, human
settlements, and global economies.

Causes of Sea-Level Rise:

1. Thermal Expansion: As the ocean warms due to climate change, the water expands,
causing sea levels to rise.
2. Melting of Glaciers and Ice Sheets: Glaciers and ice sheets, such as those in Greenland
and Antarctica, are losing mass at an increasing rate, contributing to sea-level rise.
3. Ice Sheet Collapse: The collapse of ice sheets, such as the West Antarctic Ice Sheet,
can lead to rapid sea-level rise.
5. Impacts on ecosystems
▪ Climate change is having a profound impact on ecosystems around the world, affecting
their structure, function, and biodiversity. Rising temperatures, changing precipitation
patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events are altering the delicate
balance of ecosystems, leading to:

1. Changes in Species Distribution & Migration :- Many species are shifting their ranges
poleward or to higher elevations in response to changing temperatures.
2. Disruptions to Food Webs and Nutrient Cycles:-Altered nutrient cycles can impact
ecosystem productivity and stability.
3. Increased Risk of Wildfires and Pest Outbreaks :- Rising temperatures and changing
precipitation patterns create conditions conducive to wildfires.
4. Ocean Acidification and Coral Bleaching :- Rising sea temperatures are causing coral
bleaching, leading to the loss of these critical ecosystems
5. Loss of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services :- Climate change is accelerating the loss of
biodiversity, compromising ecosystem resilience and function

Solutions to prevent Climate Change:-

1. Transition to Renewable Energy

2. Energy Efficiency & Conservation
3. Individual Actions
1. Transition to Renewable Energy:

• Solar Energy: Invest in solar power, incentivize rooftop installations, and develop
large-scale solar farms.
• Wind Energy: Increase wind power capacity, improve turbine efficiency, and develop
offshore wind farms.
• Hydro Energy: Harness hydroelectric power, improve dam efficiency, and develop
new hydroelectric projects.
• Geothermal Energy: Invest in geothermal power, enhance exploration and drilling
technologies, and develop new geothermal projects.
2. Energy Efficiency & Conservation
▪ Building Insulation and Retrofits: Improve building insulation, windows, and doors
to reduce energy consumption.
• Energy-Efficient Appliances: Promote the use of energy-efficient appliances, lighting,
and HVAC systems.
• Smart Grids and Energy Storage: Develop smart grids, energy storage systems, and
advanced weather forecasting to optimize energy distribution and consumption.

3. Individual Actions:-
While climate change is a global problem, individual and collective action can make a
significant difference. We can:
• Reduce our carbon footprint through lifestyle changes, such as using public transport,
eating plant-based diets, and reducing energy consumption.
• Support renewable energy projects, sustainable agriculture, and eco-friendly
businesses.
Conclusion
Climate change is a pressing issue that requires immediate attention and action. The causes of
climate change are well understood, and the impacts are far-reaching and devastating.
However, there are many efforts underway to mitigate and adapt to climate change, and there
is still time to take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and avoid the worst impacts of
climate change.
Reference :-

 https://www.blackbox.ai/
 https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change
 https://climate.ec.europa.eu/climate-change/causes-climate-change_en