Full download Beginning Breadboarding: Physical Computing and the Basic Building Blocks of Computers Jennifer Fox pdf docx
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MAKER
I N N O VAT I O N S
SERIES
Beginning
Breadboarding
Physical Computing and the Basic
Building Blocks of Computers
—
Jennifer Fox
Beginning
Breadboarding
Physical Computing
and the Basic Building
Blocks of Computers
Jennifer Fox
Beginning Breadboarding: Physical Computing and the Basic Building
Blocks of Computers
Jennifer Fox
Seattle, WA, USA
Acknowledgments������������������������������������������������������������������������������xv
iii
Table of Contents
iv
Table of Contents
v
Table of Contents
vi
Table of Contents
Chapter 7: Sensors!��������������������������������������������������������������������������213
Using Our Senses to Detect Sensors����������������������������������������������������������������213
Project 7-1: The Wonderful World of Sensors����������������������������������������������214
A Brief Inventory of Sensors�����������������������������������������������������������������������������215
Analog vs. Digital�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������216
What Kinds of Things Can We Sense with Electricity?��������������������������������217
Electronic Eyes: Photoresistors!������������������������������������������������������������������������219
Grab These Materials�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������219
Project 7-2: Light-Sensitive Light����������������������������������������������������������������220
But Wait, Electronic Eyes?! How Does That Work??������������������������������������224
Photoresistor Schematic Symbol����������������������������������������������������������������225
Electronic Touch: Force-Sensing Resistors�������������������������������������������������������225
Grab These Materials�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������225
Project 7-3: Touch-Sensitive Light���������������������������������������������������������������226
vii
Table of Contents
viii
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Table of Contents
ix
Table of Contents
Index�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������485
x
About the Author
Jennifer Fox is an engineer, educator,
and maker. After dabbling in dark matter
(Occidental College, B.A. Physics), Fox
studied engineering (UCLA, M.S. Mechanical
Engineering) where she blended electronics,
art, and education to tackle problems related
to environmental and social justice. Fox
founded her company, FoxBot Industries, in
2015 to provide an arts-based approach to
STEM education and currently leads a team at
Microsoft doing maker-related work.
xi
About the Technical Reviewer
Massimo Nardone has more than 22 years
of experience in security, web/mobile
development, cloud, and IT architecture. His
true IT passions are security and Android.
He has been programming and teaching
how to program with Android, Perl, PHP, Java,
VB, Python, C/C++, and MySQL for more than
20 years.
He holds a Master of Science degree in
Computing Science from the University of
Salerno, Italy.
He has worked as a project manager, software engineer, research
engineer, chief security architect, information security manager, PCI/
SCADA auditor, and senior lead IT security/cloud/SCADA architect for
many years.
xiii
Acknowledgments
This is my first book and I want to acknowledge that I am proud of myself
for chugging away on it, slowly but surely. Next, A HUGE THANK YOU to
my wonderful friend and part of my chosen family, Joshua Vasquez, for
helping me “LEGO-tize” the transistor logic gates (and for the bomb cover
photo!).
Another massive boat of thanks to my parents for instilling in me the
importance of education and for their support and encouragement in the
wild adventures of my life, many of which involve me “eating an elephant.”
Thank you to the Adafruit folks, Phil and Limor, for the kit and for your
long-term support. I appreciate and admire y’all.
And, of course, thank you to everyone who is part of my chosen family
and my community. I deeply appreciate your questions about my book,
your excitement, and your celebrations of my wins. I am truly grateful to be
a part of a loving and supportive community. ☺
xv
CHAPTER 1
Introduction,
Supplies, and Circuit
Diagrams
An average day for most of us involves walking around with a computer in our
pocket, listening to music transmitted invisibly through the air, and flipping
switches to generate artificial light when the sun sets (or if you’re in a city
like Seattle, sometimes during the day). Each of these technologies is truly
miraculous, a feat of human ingenuity and persistence, scientific exploration
collaborating with the meticulousness of engineering and creative design.
And yet, these technologies typically feel mundane. We (myself
included) get annoyed when our maps app takes more than two seconds to
load, frustrated when our music or videos glitch, and disgruntled when we
run a vacuum cleaner and a hairdryer and inevitably have to reset a circuit
breaker. When one of our precious (but replaceable) technologies breaks,
it’s easier and faster for most of us to toss the old and buy the new.
My goals with this book are threefold:
2
Chapter 1 Introduction, Supplies, and Circuit Diagrams
3
Chapter 1 Introduction, Supplies, and Circuit Diagrams
The rest of this chapter introduces safety rules when working with
electricity, gives you an overview of the kinds of parts we’ll be working with,
and ends with an overview on how to read circuit diagrams. Our exploration
of circuits begins in Chapter 2, where we’ll learn common words and concepts
that show up throughout this book and beyond in electronics, and we’ll build
some simple circuits with the basic parts. We’ll start building circuits on
breadboards in Chapter 3, translating our learnings from Chapter 2 onto the
breadboard and further exploring the wonderful world of circuits!
It is highly recommended to build the companion projects in each
of the chapters because the best way to learn is to do! This is especially
true with electronics, where theory is often abstract and may be confusing
until you see it in action. Besides, electricity can be delightful, magical, and
empowering as we wield the power of invisible particles to build useful,
whimsical, and beautiful creations.
If you are new to circuits, it is recommended to go through the book
in order. If you have some prior experience with circuits, you may skip
around and work through the chapters that are of interest or that fill in any
knowledge gaps.
This book also includes optional bonus projects that give you the
opportunity to dig deeper into specific areas of electronics. These projects
are designed for hands-on application – I’d highly recommend doing
these projects if you are interested in learning electronics so that you can
1
A soldering iron is a tool that melts metal to connect parts electrically. It can hold
them together physically, too, but it is not a very strong physical, or mechanical,
bond. It is recommended to avoid bending or otherwise stressing soldered parts
because they are likely to break. This is why power cables for our computers and
smartphones are coated in plastic and have bendy plugs!
4
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Chapter 1 Introduction, Supplies, and Circuit Diagrams
go forth and build with electricity. If instead you are interested in learning
about electronics, learning about circuit theory, or dipping your toes
before deciding whether to go deeper, you may skip these bonus projects.
Of course, you can always come back to them later!
Alright, with the house (book?) tour out of the way, let’s dig into safety!
Safety Rules
Yay, safety! While the projects in this book don’t involve dangerous
parts (we are working with small, low-energy coin cell batteries for most
projects), it’s important to know electrical safety rules to avoid breaking or
burning up components. And, hopefully, this book gets you excited about
more advanced electronic projects! If/when you tackle advanced projects,
it’s helpful to have a solid understanding of safety.
As we go over the safety rules, it’s okay if you don’t understand some
of the terms we are using just yet. You’ll learn these new words as you go
through the book. If applicable, projects will have notes on what to look
out for. You can always return to this section if you’re unsure about any
projects in this book or beyond.
5
Chapter 1 Introduction, Supplies, and Circuit Diagrams
When building circuits, check that the electricity does not have an
easier path to flow than where you want it to flow. We’ll explore this in
more detail in Chapter 2.
6
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