SOROTI UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF MEDICINE AND BACHELOR OF SURGERY

BMS2105

GENERAL PATHOLOGY 1
 STUDY GUIDE

COURSE INSTRUCTORS
Assoc. Prof. Othieno Emmanuel;
Dr. Emmanuel Morgan Dennis;
Osuwat Lawrence Obado;
Nabusige Jean Brenda Gesa

MODULE DEVELOPERS
Assoc. Prof. Othieno Emmanuel; Soroti University
Dr. Emmanuel Morgan Dennis; Soroti University
Mr. Osuwat Lawrence Obado; Soroti University
Ms. Nabusige Jean Brenda Gesa, Soroti University

September 2021
 Availability of The Course, Copyright and Licenses
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 Quality Assurance Measures in Course Development

Quality was put at the forefront of the planning process for the General Pathology 1 course and particular
attention was paid to quality in development of the course content, instructional design, course structure,
student support, selection of the course implementation/delivery method, the media/resources to be
employed, development of assessment tasks, as well as the evaluation criteria.

The course development team has ensured that the learning outcomes are clearly defined against the
established academic and workplace standards and aligned to Bloom’s taxonomy. It has been ensured that
the content and all integrated learning aids support comprehension of the subject matter, encourage peer
interaction, and the hours allocated to the sessions adhere to the set University standards. The course content
is put together with the current market needs in mind and takes care of students’ individual aspirations and
interests. The course makes use of accurately cited, relevant, credible and up-to-date materials.

We adopted a variety of learning activities (e-tivities) in course design that are constructively aligned to the
identified course objectives and instructional content and learner friendly media that are all intended at
achieving the overall course aim and learning outcomes. Avenues for collaborative working and critical
thinking are taken care of in the course design by the course developers. The course structure is developed
in a flexible manner and adheres to the guidelines by National Council for Higher Education. It integrates
use of Open educational resources, library research databases and URLs to useful websites.

Student support takes a core area in the development of this blended learning course and clear instructions
to be followed by students at every stage are given. Clear explanation to the assessment and grading is
provided and students are informed on who to contact in case of any question or if need of technical and
professional help exists. The course was developed by an adequately trained and qualified team and will be
facilitated by an equally qualified team. Time is provided for online student orientation and socialization in
week zero.

The course is developed with the technology to be used in mind. The course is Moodle friendly and the use
of Moodle learning management system supports easy navigation through the course and completion of
course activities and attainment of learning outcomes. Care is taken to ensure that students can still have
access to resources even amidst limited connectivity. Both internal and external hyperlinks are provided
and always checked to ensure they are functional. The e-learning unit has developed an electronic user
manual and students will be given access to it to answer some of their technological questions with the use
of the LMS.

Clear instructions on the forms of assessment and the grading system are provided to the students early
enough in the course. Systems are put in place to ensure timely access to their achievement records and
feedback by students. A variety of assessment types are provided including formative and summative
assessments which are aimed at mastery of the course and attainment of learning outcomes.
The course developers have ensured that the course adheres to all quality assurance standards and provides
room for students to evaluate the course through mid-term and summative evaluation. Room for regular
review and updating of the course is provided.
WELCOME NOTE

Welcome to the course!

The main objective of this course is to introduce you to General Pathology 1，a course concerned with the
Causes and nature of disease and disease states. You will acquire knowledge in basic pathology, general
principles of diseases processes, causes, development, and clinical features of diseases.

You should pay special attention as this course lays the foundation for understanding General Pathology
1. Proper comprehension of the content of this course will be instrumental as you progress through the
clinical units in later years.

The final grade in the course will be made up of results generated from quizzes, discussions, individual and
group assignments, tests and a final exam at the end of the course. In order to pass this course, you will
need to participate in the discussion topics by posting in the course forums to fulfil the requirements for the
course.

There are discussion activities that provide learners opportunities to learn from the work of their peers and
discuss issues in working with their assignment. There are both group and individual assignments that
generally require learners to examine a range of aspects and acquire in-depth comprehension of the course.

Much emphasis is put on your ability to collaborate in groups and collaboration is much easier when
everyone has an online identity. For that matter, for effective participation in these groups, you will be
required to introduce yourself to others and also add a photo of yourself for your group members to see
you. You will also be required to have a personal folder. This is where you will be uploading your individual
hand-ins.

This study guide will be followed throughout the course. It provides you with detailed learning outcomes,
tasks, activities, time plan and learning resources

This course shall be delivered with a blended approach. This will utilize different methods including this
LMS, zoom classes, group sessions, Physical (face to face) lectures, tutorials and reviews as well as
laboratory practical sessions and hospital visits.

Contact the facilitators if you have any questions!

COURSE OVERVIEW
This course is intended to enable students acquire knowledge in basic pathology, general principles of
disease processes, causes, development, and clinical features of diseases.

Aims
The course aims at providing learners with knowledge, and understanding of disease development,
processes and identification of diseased processes.

Learning Outcomes
By the end of this course, you should be able to:
1. Describe disease in broad categories and the role of pathology
2. List the consequences of disease, their processes and mechanisms
3. Discuss the body’s reaction to injury, fate and complications
4. Correlate basic diseases states at cellular and gross anatomical levels with the overt clinical signs
and symptoms seen in the disorders
5. Discuss the basic pathophysiological processes

Grading
Grades in this course will be as follows:
1. Progressive assessment, this will involve continuous tests (online and physical quizzes, practical
and hospital reports, Quality of individual/group materials and presentations and essays) during
which learners will accumulate points through the various activities done individually and/or in
groups, during both online and in-class assignments (Total of 40 marks)
2. Examinations (end of semester), (physical) written and practical examination, employing a
variety/types of questions (Total of 60 marks)
CONSTRUCTIVE ALIGNMENT OF THE COURSE
The following table shows the units of the course in which the activities (both physical and e-tivities are
located), the intended learning outcomes addressed and when assessment is to take place and the type of
assessment;

Unit Topic Week in Learning Assessment

which topic Outcome
will be Addressed
covered
1 Topic 1. Introduction to 1. Quizz, online or
Pathology physical
2 Topic 2. Equipment and tissue 2. Quizz, online or
ILO 1
handling physical
Practical Report

3 Topic 3. Causes of disease and 3. Quizz online or

spread physical
Quality of
Quality of
individual/group
materials
4 Topic 4. Cell injury 4. Quizz online or
physical
ILO 2 Quality of
individual/group
materials
5 Topic 5. Consequences of cell 5. Quizz online or
injury physical
Quality of
individual/group
materials
6 Topic 6. Cell death 6. Quizz online or
physical
Quality of
Quality of
individual/group
materials
7 Topic 7. Inflammation 7. Quizz online or
ILO 3 physical
Quality of
individual/group
materials
Hospital report
8 Topic 8. Outcomes of 8. Quizz online or
inflammation physical,
Hospital report,
Transversal
Assignment
covering
outcomes 1, 2,
and 3
9 Topic 9. Healing 9. Quizz online or
physical
Quality of
individual/group
materials,
Hospital report
10 Topic 10. Complement 10. Quizz online or
ILO 4 physical
Quality of
individual/group
materials
11 Topic 11. Hypersensitivity 11. Quizz online or
reactions physical
Quality of
individual/group
materials
12 Topic 12 (a) Fluid and 12. Quizz online or
hemodynamic disturbance physical
Quality of
ILO 5 individual/group
materials
13 Topic 12 (b) Fluid and 13. Quizz online or
hemodynamic disturbance physical
Quality of
individual/group
materials
14 Topic 13. Immunodeficiency 14. Quizz online or
physical
Quality of
individual/group
materials
16 Revision for Exams 15.
17 End of Semester Examinations 16. Transversal
Assignment
covering
 outcomes 1, 2,
3 ,4 and 5

COURSE CONTENT – UNIT NUMBER AND NAMES

Course: General Pathology 1, BMS 2105
Unit Number Content
1. Introduction to pathology and related disciplines:
Exposure to tissue and diagnostic processes, and causes of disease
2. Equipment handling and tissue processing:
Tissue procurement, preservation, and diagnostics
3. Causes of disease and spread.
Infections, environment, genetics
4. Cell injury.
Different mechanisms of varied cellular injuries.
5. Accumulations and depositions:
Degenerative processes as a consequence of injury.
6. Cell death:
Necrosis, apoptosis
7. Inflammation
Tissue response to injuries, and outcomes
8. Outcomes of inflammation.
9. Healing
Discuss the different types of tissue repair
10. Complement
Describe mediators of inflammation
11. Hypersensitivity reactions
Discuss different types of hypersensitivity reactions and their role in body defense
12. Fluid and hemodynamic disturbance (a)
1. Discuss composition of body fluids in different disease conditions
2. Demonstrate understanding of consequences of vessel injuries
13. Fluid and hemodynamic disturbance (b)
Explain different hemodynamic disease conditions, and their clinical implications
14. Immunodeficiency
1. Classify immunodeficiency and their role in body defense
2. Discuss different modes of immunodeficiency
LIST OF REFERENCE MATERIALS AND RESOURCES
1. Basic Pathology by Kumar, Cotran and Robbins

2. Muir’s textbook of Pathology

3. Pathology Illustrated, Reid R, 6th Ed 2005

4. General Pathology by Walter and Isreal

5. History of pathology - YouTube

6. What is pathology ? ( Clear Over view ) - YouTube

7. BRANCHES OF PATHOLOGY (ALL) - YouTube

8. Anatomical pathology - YouTube

9. What is Pathology? (Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Testing, Pathology Residency, Fellowship,

Career) - YouTube

10. Basic steps of tissue processing/histology and pathology - YouTube

11. Histology Techniques and Equipment - YouTube

12. FFPE - Tissue Processing/Embedding/Sectioning for Histology, Immunohistochemistry (IHC),

ISH & FISH - YouTube

13. Histological staining: hematoxylin & eosin - YouTube

14. Histological staining: hematoxylin & eosin - YouTube

15. Basic histological staining methods (preview) - Human Histology | Kenhub - YouTube

Causes of Disease - YouTube

16. Tissue Processing For Light Microscopy - YouTube
17. Necrosis vs Apoptosis
18. Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death ,
 MODULE NOTIONAL HOURS AND TIMELINE
The table below sets out the notional hours required for completing the course and the timeline.
Week Topic Notional Hours Start Date
1 Topic 1. Introduction to pathology 4 27th September
2 Topic 2. Equipment and tissue handling 5 5th October
3 Topic 3. Causes of disease and spread 5 12th October

4 Topic 4. Cell injury 4 19th October

5 Topic 5. Consequences of cell injury 4 26th October

6 Topic 6. Cell death 3 2nd November
7 Topic 7. Inflammation 5 9th November
8 Topic 8. Outcomes of inflammation 4 16th November
9 Topic 9. Healing 6 23rd November
10 Topic 10. Complement 6 30th November
11 Topic 11. Hypersensitivity reactions 6 7th December
12 Topic 12 (a). Fluid and hemodynamic disturbance 4 14th December
13 Topic 12 (b). Fluid and hemodynamic disturbance 4 21st December
14 Topic 14. Immunodeficiencies 5
15 Revision for Exams
16 End of Semester Examinations

From the table above, you will see that the module comprises 65 notional study hours. It is expected
that if this is followed, the intended learning outcomes will be achieved.

WEEKLY E-TIVITIES AND THEIR DEADLINES

e-tivity Number Requirements Deadline
1 Role of pathology in clinical care – a summary 05.10.2021
2 Equipment and tissue handling – a summary 12.10. 2021
3 The role of genetics in disease etiology 19.10.2021
4 Cell Injury 26.10.2021
5 Consequences of Cell Injury 02.11.2021
6 Consequences of cell Injury 02.11.2021
7

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