Solution

CHAPTERWISE SAMPLE PAPER: DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER

Class 12 - Physics
Section A
1.
(b) Momentum
Explanation:
h
λ = , when wavelength λ is same momentum p is also the same.
p

2. (a) 10-10 s
Explanation:
There is a time lag of about 10-10 s between the incidence of photon and photoelectron emission.
3. (a) photoelectricity and electron microscopy
Explanation:
The photoelectric effect can be explained only by assuming that light consists of photons while an electron microscope works
on the principle of electron wave diffraction.
4.
o

(d) 3000 A
Explanation:
hc
Work function = 4.14 eV = λ0
−34 8

∴ λ0 = 6.6× 10 ×3× 10

−19
4.14×1.6×10
o

= 2.989 × 10-7 ≈ 3000 A

5.
(c) 4 V
Explanation:
eV0 = Kmax
eV0 = 4eV
So, V0 = 4V

6.
(d) energy
Explanation:
An electric volt is a unit of energy.

7.
(c) 375 nm
Explanation:
The cut-off wavelength (λ 0) for photoemission can be calculated using the formula λ
0 =
hc

ϕ
. With a work function of 3.315
eV , the cut-off wavelength is approximately 375 nm . Therefore, the correct answer is 375 nm .

8.
(b) electrons can be emitted with any energy, with a maximum of E0.
Explanation:
When a beam of electrons of energy E0 of each electron incident on a metal surface kept in a vacuum, then due to elastic
collisions with electrons on surface, the energy of incident electrons will be transferred to the emitted electrons. To emit the

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 electrons below the surface a part of E0 of incident electrons is consumed against work function so the energy of emitted
electrons becomes less than E0. So, the maximum energy of emitted electrons can be E0 and with any energy less than E0,
when part of the incident energy of the electron is used in liberating the electrons from the surface of the metal.

9.
(b) decrease by 2 times
Explanation:
1
λ ∝
√V
−−
−−
−
λ2 V1 λ1
∴ = √
V2
= √
25

100
=
1

2
or λ 2
=
2
λ1

10.
(b) ultraviolet region
Explanation:
ultraviolet region

11.
(d) 2.6 ×10 −19
J
Explanation:
−34 15 −19 −19 −19
Kmax = hν − ϕo = (6.63 × 10 × 10 ) − 2.5 × 1.6 × 10 J = (6.63 − 4) × 10 J = 2.63 × 10 J

12. (a) 4λ
Explanation:
In terms of stopping potential V0 and threshold wavelength λ , Einstein's photoelectric equation can be written as
0

hc hc
eV0 = −
λ λ0

In first case: e × 3V 0
=
hc
−
hc
...(i)
λ λ0

hc hc
In second case: eV 0 =
2λ
−
λ0
...(ii)
Multiplying equation (ii) by (3), then subtracting from (i), we get
hc 3hc hc 3hc
0 = − − +
λ 2λ λ0 λ0

1 hc 2hc
=
2 λ λ0

⇒ λ0 = 4λ

13.
(b) h

√3mkT

Explanation:
1 2 3
mv = kT
2 2

∴ m2v2 = 3mkT
⇒ p2 = 3mkT
h h
λ = =
p √3mkT

14. (a)

Explanation:

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15.
(c) 40 volts
Explanation:
1 2
eVo = mvmax
2
2
mvmax
Vo =
2e

Putting vmax = 3.75 × 106 m/s, m = 9.1 × 10-31 kg and e = 1.6 × 10-19C
we get, Vo = 40 V

16.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation:
A photocell works on the principle of photoelectric emission. It is also called an electric eye.

17. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
−
−
vrms ∝ √T
h 1
λ = ⇒ λ ∝
mv v

18.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation:
One photon can eject one electron only. Hence, the assertion is false.
Einstein's equation related to photoelectric effect is, Energy of photon = Maximum kinetic energy of photo electron - work
function. Hence, the reason is true.

19.
(b) photocurrent increases linearly with intensity
Explanation:
With increase in intensity, no. of photons incident increases. So more electrons emitted from metal and photo current increases
with increase in intensity.

20. (a) h
Explanation:
Ek = hν - W0
y = mx + c
The graph of Ek versus ν is a straight line with slope,
m = Planck's constant (h).
Section B
21. The graphs showing a variation of stopping potential with a frequency of incident radiations for two photosensitive materials A
and B having threshold frequencies ν A > ν B is shown below:

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 i. The stopping potential has a linear relation with the frequency of incident radiation. It increases linearly with the increase in
the frequency of incident radiation. Therefore, the stopping potential of metal A is more than that of metal B as ν A > ν B.
ii. No, the slope of the graph does not depend on the nature of the material used. Since the slope of the graph tells us the value of
h/e which is constant for both the materials.
22. Temperature, T = 300 K
Mass of nitrogen molecule, m = 2 × 14.0076u
−27
= 2 × 14.0076 × 1.6606 × 10 kg
−27
= 46.52 × 10 kg

de-Broglie wavelength, λ = h

mv
=
h

h
⇒ λ =
√2mEk

h h 3
= = (∵ Ek = kB T )
√3m kB T 2
√2m(3/2kB T )

(where kB is Boltzmann constant)

−34
6.63×10
⇒ λ =
√3×46.52× 10−27 ×1.38× 10−23 ×300

=
6.63

240.37
× 10
−9
m = 0.0276 nm
o
= 0.276A
23. The graph showing the variation of stopping potential with the frequency is shown as below:

where, ϕ = work function of photosensitive material, e = electronic charge

From Einstein's photoelectric equation,
(KE)max = hν - hν 0 = h(ν - ν 0)
where ν = frequency of incident radiation, ν 0 = threshold frequency.
From the equation, if ν < ν 0, then (KE)max is negative, which is not possible. For a given material, there exists a certain minimum
frequency of the incident radiation below which no emission of photoelectrons takes place, this is called threshold frequency, i.e.
photoelectric effect will take place only when ν > ν 0 .
24. The total relativistic energy of a particle is
−−−−−−−−−−
2 4 2 2
E = √m c + p c
0

As wavelength λ is same for both electron and proton,

∴ Momentum, p = h

λ
is same for both particles and hence p2c2 is same for both.
But rest mass wig of a proton is greater than that of an electron, therefore, the energy of a proton is more than that of an electron
of same wavelength.
25. Properties of Photon:
i. For a radiation of frequency v, each photon has an energy, E = hν , associated with it
ii. The energy of a photon is independent of the intensity of incident radiation.
a. Stopping potential, V0, equals that value of the negative potential for which
|eV0 | = Kmax

(Alternatively: The stopping potential (V0) equals that (least) value of the (negative) plate potential that just stops the most
energetic emitted photoelectrons from reaching the plate.)
b. Threshold frequency (ν ) equals that value of the frequency of incident radiation for which
0

Kmax = 0
( Or threshold frequency is the minimum value of the frequency of incident radiation for which photoelectrons can be just emitted
from that surface or that maximum frequency of incident radiation below which no photoemission takes place.)

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 The plot, between V0 and v has the form shown :

Section C
26. From de-Broglie matter wave equation,
h
λ =
p
−−−−
But, p = √2mK and K = qV
1
⇒ λ ∝
mq
√

i. Using de-Broglie wavelength formula, we already know that proton and alpha particle are accelerated through the same
potential. So, their velocities are same.
Ratio of wavelengths of proton and α -particle,
−−−−−−−−−
λp −
m−−
q− mα qα
α α
= √ = √( )( )
λα mp q mp q
p p

But,
mα qα
= 4, = 2
mp qp

λp −−−− −− –
= √(4) × 2 = 2√2
λa
–
⇒ λp : λα = 2√2 : 1

Proton have greater de-Broglie wavelength associated with it.

ii. Kinetic energy, K = qV
Kp qp

⇒
Ka
= (
q
) (for same accelerating voltage)
α

Kp
1 1
= ⇒ Kp = Kα
Kα 2 2

Thus, proton has less kinetic energy.

OR
i. Energy of incident radiation
c
E = hv = h λ
−34 8

= 6.63× 10 ×3× 10

−9
330×10

= 6.027 × 10-19 J
ii. Kinetic energy of photoelectron
K.E. = E − ϕ 0

= (6.027 × 10-19 - 3.5 × 10-19) J

= 2.527 × 10-19 J
27. a. E = hv
−19

v= E

h
= 6.5×10

−34
6.63×10

= 9.8 × 1014 Hz
b. Energy of photon in eV
E = 6.5 × 10-19 J = 4.06 eV
∵ E > ∅ There will be photoelectric emission.
0

K.E of photoelectron Ek = E - ∅ 0

= 4.06 - 2.14
= 1.92 eV
28. λ =
p
h
,
√2qp mp V

λα = h

√2⋅2qp ⋅4mp V

λα 1

λp
=
2√2

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 λα = h

pp
,λ = α
pα
h

pα 1

p
= ,
p 2√2
–
pα =2 √2 pp
OR
Photon energy is used to overcome work function and remaining energy becomes kinetic energy of emitted photo electron.
(K E)max = hv − θ

i. Existence of threshold frequency

ii. Stopping potential is independent of intensity for a particular frequency of incident radiation
iii. Effect of frequency of incident radiation on stopping potential
29. a. Energy of photon, E = hv
−34 8
c 6⋅63× 10 ×3× 10
E=h λ
= −9
331⋅5×10

E = 6 × 10-19 J
momentum (p)
p= h

λ
−34
6⋅63×10
= −9
331⋅5×10

p = 2 × 10-27 kg ms-1
b. Momentum of H atom = momentum of the photon = 2 × 10-27 kg ms-1
p = mu
p −27 −1
2×10
u= m
= −27
ms
1.67×10

u = 1.20 ms-1
Section D
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
When a monochromatic radiations of suitable frequency obtained from source S, after being filtered by a filter attached on the
window W, fall on the photosensitive place C, the photo electrons are emitted from C, which get accelerated towards the plate A if
it is kept at positive potential. These electrons flow in the outer circuit resulting in photoelectric current. Due to it, the
microammeter shows a deflection. The reading of micrommeter measures the photoelectric current.

An experimental setup of verification of photoelectric effect is shown in figure. The voltage across the electrodes is measured with
the help of an ideal voltmeter, and which can be varied by moving jockey J on the potentiometer wire. The battery used in
potentiometer circuit is of 16 V and its internal resistance is 2 Ω . The resistance of 100 cm long potentiometer wire is 8 Ω .

The photocurrent is measured with the help of an ideal ammeter. Two plates of potassium oxide of area 50 cm2 at separation 0.5

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 mm are used in the vacuum tube. Photocurrent in the circuit is very small, so we can treat the potentiometer circuit as an
independent circuit.
1 2 3 4 5 6
Light
Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red

4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500

∘

λ (in A) - - - - - -

5000 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000

(i) (a) 8 × 106 Ω

Explanation:
Equivalent resistance
= 8 × 106 Ω
16 V
R= V

I
= −6
2× 10 A

(ii) (d) Orange

Explanation:
IhC
P= eλ
−6 −34 8
(2× 10 )(6.6× 10 )(3× 10 )
λ = −6 −19
(4× 10 )(1.6× 10 )

o o

= 9.9

1.6
× 10-7m = 9900

1.6
A = 6187 A
Which is in the range of orange light.
(iii) (c) Red
Explanation:
The range of wavelength for red light is beyond the wavelength of incident light.
(iv) (a) 8 eV
Explanation:
Stopping potential, Vs= 8 V
and K.E. = eVs
∴ K.E. = 8 eV
OR
(a) double
Explanation:
Photoelectric current varies linearly with the intensity of the incident radiation.
31. (d) Emax = hν - ϕ
Explanation:
Emax = hν - ϕ
OR
(d) Is related to the shortest wavelength
Explanation:
Stopping potential is the measurement of maximum kinetic energy of emitted photoelectrons and kinetic energy of emitted
photoelectrons is linearly related with the frequency of incident light corresponding (i.e., corresponding to shortest wavelength,
K.E. is maximum). Stopping potential is independent of intensity.
32. (d) increase
Explanation:
According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation,
eV0 = - hc

λ
hc

λ0

As λ is constant, so when λ is decreased, stopping potential (V0) increases.

0

33. (b) X-rays

Explanation:

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 It indicates that threshold frequency is greater than that of ultraviolet light. As X-rays have greater frequency than ultraviolet
rays, so they can cause photoelectric effect.
34. (c) More than n times of the initial kinetic energy
Explanation:
K.E.1 = hν - ϕ
K.E.2 = nhν - ϕ = n(hν - ϕ) + (n - 1)ϕ
K.E.2 = nKE1 + (n - 1)ϕ
K.E.2 > nKE1

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