Report of the ICAR Fifth Deans’ Committee

SYLLABUS
B.Sc. (Hons.) Horticulture
TH
(AS PER 5 DEANS’ COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION)
Semester wise Course Structure
Semester -I

Sl No Title of the Course Suggested Credit Hours

Course No.
1. Elementary Statistics and Computer AS-111 (HO) 3(2+1)
Application
2. Fundamental of Soil Science AC-111 (HO) 2(1+1)
3. Economics and Marketing AE-111(HO) 3(2+1)
4. Elementary Plant Biochemistry AC-111(HO) 2(1+1)
5. Introductory Crop Physiology PP-111(HO) 2(1+1)
6. Fundamentals of Horticulture FS-111 3(2+1)
7. Principles of Landscape Architecture FL-111 1(0+1)
8. Principles of Genetics and Cytogenetics PBG-111(HO) 3(2+1)
9. Introductory Microbiology PPT-111(HO) 2(1+1)
10. Communication Skills and Personality BE-111(HO) 2(1+1)
Development
11 National Service Scheme NSS-111 (HO) 1 (0+1) ( NC)*
12 Pre-Math / Pre-Biology BM-111 (HO)/ 2 (2+0) /
BB-111 (HO) 2(1+1)(NC*)
TOTAL 25(14+11)

Semester -II

Sl Title of the Course Suggested Credit Hours

No Course No.
1. Plant Propagation and Nursery Management FS-122 2(1+1)
2. Tropical and Subtropical Fruits FS-123 3(2+1)
3. Tropical and Subtropical Vegetables VCS-121 3(2+1)
4. Principles of Plant Breeding PBG-122 (HO) 3(2+1)
5. Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management AC-123 (HO) 2(1+1)
6. Water Management in Horticultural Crops AG-121(HO) 2(1+1)
7. Environmental Studies and Disaster
ES-121 (HO) 3(2+1)
Management
8. Growth and Development of Horticultural
PP-122 (HO) 2(1+1)
Crops
9. Physical and Health Education PE-121 (HO) 1(0+1) (NC)*
10. Information and communication technology#* AS-122 (HO) 2(1+1) (NC)*
TOTAL 23 (13+10)
Semester-III

Sl Title of the Course Suggested Credit Hours

No Course No.
1. PPT-212
Fundamentals of Plant Pathology 3(2+1)
(HO)
2. ENT-211
Fundamentals of Entomology 3(2+1)
(HO)
3. Temperate Vegetable Crops VCS-212 2(1+1)
4. Breeding of fruit and plantation crops FS-214 3(2+1)
5. Nematode pests of horticultural crops and their NEM-
2(1+1)
Management 211(HO)
6. Fundamentals of Food Technology PHM-211 2(1+1)
7. AG-
Weed Management in Horticultural Crops 2(1+1)
212(HO)
8. Commercial Floriculture FL-212 3(2+1)
9. AM-211
Agro-meteorology and Climate change 2(1+1)
(HO)
10. Orchard and Estate Management FS-215 2(1+1)
TOTAL 24 (14+10)

Semester-IV

Sl Title of the Course Suggested Credit Hours

No Course No.s

1. Soil, Water and Plant Analysis AC-224(HO) 2(1+1)

2. Spices and Condiments VCS-223 3(2+1)
3. Ornamental Horticulture FL-223 2(1+1)
4. Plantation Crops FS-226 3(2+1)
5. Diseases of fruits, plantation, medicinal and
PPT-223 (HO) 3 (2+1)
aromatic plants
6. Farm Power and Machinery FMP-221(HO) 2(1+1)
7. Insect Pests of Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal &
ENT-222(HO) 3(2+1)
Aromatic Crops
8. Precision Farming and Protected Cultivation VCS-224 3(2+1)
9. Elementary Plant Biotechnology BT-221 (HO) 2(1+1)

TOTAL 23(14+9)
Semester-V

Sl Title of the Course Suggested Credit

No Course No.s Hours
1. Introduction to Major Field Crops AG-313 (HO) 2 (1+1)
2. Medicinal and Aromatic crops VCS-315 3 (2+1)
3. Introductory Agroforestry AF-311(HO) 2 (1+1)
4. Breeding of Vegetable, Tuber and Spice Crops VCS-316 3 (2+1)
5. Postharvest Management of Horticultural Crops PHM-312 3(2+1)
6. Fundamentals of Extension Education EE-311(HO) 2 (1+1)
7. Insect Pests of vegetables, ornamental and spice
ENT-313 (HO) 3(2+1)
crops
8. Potato and tuber crops VCS-317 2 (1+1)
9. Temperate Fruits FS-317 2(1+1)
TOTAL 22(13+9)

Semester-VI

Sl Title of the Course Suggested Credit

No. Course No.s Hours
1. Apiculture, Sericulture and Lac culture ENT-324(HO) 2(1+1)
2. Seed production of Vegetable, Tuber and Spice Crops VCS-328 3(2+1)
3. Breeding and Seed Production of Flower and
FL-324 3(2+1)
Ornamental Plants
4. Processing of Horticultural Crops PHM-323 3(1+2)
5. Horti-Business Management AE-322(HO) 2(2+0)
6. Entrepreneurship Development and Business
AE-323(HO) 2(1+1)
Management#
7. Organic Farming AG-324(HO) 3 (2+1)
8. Dry land Horticulture FS-328 2 (1+1)
9. Diseases of vegetable, spices and ornamental crops PPT-324 (HO) 3 (2+1)
TOTAL 23
(14+9)
Semester-VII

Sl Title of the Course Suggested Credit

No Course No.s Hours
1. STUDENT READY - Placement in Industries RHWEP-411 10 (0+10)
2 STUDENT READY- Placement in Villages RHWEP-412 10 (0+10)
TOTAL 20 (0+20)

Semester-VIII
Sl Title of the Course Suggested Credit
No Course Hours
No.s
1. Commercial Horticulture FS-421 20
2 Protective Cultivation of High Value Horticulture Crops VCS-421 (0+20)
3 Processing of Fruits and Vegetables for Value Addition PHM-421
4 Floriculture and Landscape Architecture FL-421
5 AC-421
Bio-inputs: Bio-fertilizers and Bio-pesticides.
(HO)
6 Mass Multiplication of Plant and Molecules through Tissue BT-421
Culture (HO)
7 PPT-
Mushroom culture
421(HO)
8 Bee keeping ENT-421
TOTAL 20 (0+20)

SYLLABUS
I. FRUIT SCIENCE
I. 1. Fundamentals of Horticulture FS-111 3 (2+1)

Theroy
Scope and importance, classification of horticultural crops and nutritive value, area and
production, exports and imports, fruit and vegetable zones of India and of different states,
nursery techniques and their management, soil and climate, vegetable gardens, nutrition and
kitchen garden and other types of gardens – principles, planning and layout, management of
orchards, planting systems and planting densities. Production and practices for fruit,
vegetable and floriculture crops. Principles objectives, types and methods of pruning and
training of fruit crops, types and use of growth regulators in horticulture, water management–
irrigation methods, merits and demerits, weed management, fertility management in
horticultural crops-manures and fertilizers, different methods of application, cropping
systems, intercropping, multi-tier cropping, mulching– objectives, types merits and demerits,
Classification of bearing habits of fruit trees, factors influencing the fruitfulness and
unfruitfulness. Rejuvenation of old orchards, top working, frame working, principles of
organic farming, market chain management.
Practical
Features of orchard, planning and layout of orchard, tools and implements, identification
of various horticultural crops, layout of nutrition garden, preparation of nursery beds for
sowing of vegetable seeds, digging of pits for fruit plants, planting systems, training and
pruning of orchard trees, preparation of fertilizer mixtures and field application, preparation
and application of growth regulators, layout of different irrigation systems, identification and
management of nutritional disorder in fruits, assessment of bearing habits, maturity standards,
harvesting, grading, packaging and storage.
Suggested Reading:
1. Prasad and Kumar, 2014. Principles of Horticulture 2nd Edn. Agrobios (India).
2. Neeraj Pratap Singh, 2005. Basic concepts of Fruit Science 1st Edn. IBDC Publishers.
3. Gardner/Bardford/Hooker. J.R., 1957. Fundamentals of Fruit Production. Mac Graw
HillBook Co., New York.
4. Edmond,J.B, Sen,T.L, Andrews,F.S and Halfacre R.G., 1963. Fundamentals of
Horticulture.Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Co., New Delhi.
5. K.V.Peter, 2009. Basics Horticulture. New India Publishing Agency
6. Kausal Kumar Misra and Rajesh Kumar, 2014. Fundamentals of Horticulture. Biotech
Books.
7. Kumar, N., 1990. Introduction to Horticulture. Rajyalakshmi publications, Nagarcoil,
Tamilnadu
8. Jitendra Singh, 2002. Basic Horticulture. Kalyani Publishers, Hyderabad.
9. D.K. Salunkhe and S.S. Kadam, 2013. A handbook of Fruit Science and Technology.
CRC Press
10. S. Prasad and U. Kumar, 2010. A handbook of Fruit Production. Agrobios (India).
11. Jitendra Singh, 2011. Basic Horticulture. Kalyani Publications, New Delhi
12. Denisen E.L.,1957. Principles of Horticulture. Macmillan Publishing Co., New York
2. Plant Propagation and Nursery Management FS-122 2(1+1)
Theroy
Propagation: Need and potentialities for plant multiplication, sexual and asexual methods
of propagation, advantages and disadvantages. Seed dormancy types of dormancy
(scarification stratification) internal and external factors, nursery techniques nursery
management,apomixes – mono-embrony, polyembrony, chimera& bud sport. Propagation
Structures: Mist chamber, humidifiers, greenhouses, glasshouses, cold frames, hot beds,
poly-houses, phytotrons nursery (tools and implements), use of growth regulators in seed,
types and stages of seed germination with examples and vegetative propagation, methods and
techniques of division-stolons, pseudobulbs, offsets, runners, cutting, layering, grafting,
formation of graft union, factor affecting, healing of graftage and budding physiological &
bio chemical basis of rooting, factors influencing rooting of cuttings and layering, graft
incompatibility. Anatomical studies of bud union, selection and maintenance of mother trees,
collection of scion wood stick, scion-stock relationship, and their influences, bud wood
certification, techniques of propagation through specialized organs, corm, runners, suckers.
Micrografting, meristem culture, callus culture, anther culture, organogenesis, somaclonal
variation hardening of plants in nurseries. Nursery registration act. Insect/pest/disease control
in nursery,Cost of establishment of propagation structures.
Practical
Media for propagation of plants in nursery beds, potting and repotting. Preparation of
nursery beds and sowing of seeds. Raising of rootstock. Seed treatments for breaking
dormancy and inducing vigorous seedling growth. Preparation of plant material for potting.
Hardening plants in the nursery. Practicing different types of cuttings, layering, graftings and
buddings including opacity and grafting, top grafting and bridge grafting etc. Use of mist
chamber in propagation and hardening of plants. Preparation of plant growth regulators for
seed germination and vegetative propagation. Visit to a tissue culture laboratory. Digging,
labelling and packing of nursery fruit plants. Maintenance of nursery records. Use of different
types of nursery tools and implements for general nursery and virus tested plant material in
the nursery. Cost of establishment of a mist chamber, greenhouse, glasshouse, polyhouse and
their maintenance.. Nutrient and plant protection applications during nursery.
Suggested Reading:
1. Hudson T. Hartmann, Dale E. Kester, Fred T. Davies, Jr. and Robert L. Geneve.
Plant Propagation- Principles and Practices(7th Edition). PHI Learning Private
Limited, New Delhi-110001
2. T.K.Bose, S.K.Mitra, M.K.Sadhu, P. Das and D.Sanyal. Propagation of Tropical &
Subtropical Horticultural Crops, Volume 1(3rd Revised edition). Naya Udyog, 206,
Bidhan Sarani, Kolkata 700006.

3. Guy W. Adriance and Feed R. Brison. Propagation of Horticultural Plants. Axis

Books (India).port of the ICAR Fifth Deans’ Committee
4. S. Rajan and B. L. Markose (series editor Prof. K.V.Peter). Propagation of
Horticultural Crops- Horticulture Science Series vol.6. New India Publishing Agency,
Pitam Pura, New Delhi-110088.
5. Hartman,H.T and Kester,D.E.1976.Plant Propagation Principles and practices.
Prentice hall of India Pvt.Ltd., Bombay.
6. Sadhu,M.K.1996. Plant Propagation. New age International Publishers, New Delhi.
 7. Mukhergee,S.K. and Majumdar,P.K.1973.Propagation of fruit crops. ICAR, New
Delhi.
8. Ganner,R.J. and Choudhri,S.A.1972.Propagation of Tropical fruit trees. Oxford and
IBN publishing Co., New Delhi.
9. Sarma,R.R.2002. Propagation of Horticultural Crops.Kalyani Publishers,(Principles
and practices) New Delhi.
10. Symmonds,1996. Banana.II edition Longman, London.
11. Chundawat,B.S. 1990.Arid fruit culture. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.
12. Chadha,K.L. (ICAR)2002,2001.Hand book of Horticulture. ICAR, New Delhi.

3. Tropical and Sub-Tropical Fruits FS-123 3(2+1)

Theroy
Horticultural classification of fruits including genome classification. Horticultural zones
of India, detailed study of area, production and export potential, varieties, climate and soil
requirements, propagation techniques, planting density and systems, after care, training and
pruning. Management of water, nutrient and weeds, special horticultural techniques including
plant growth regulators, their solution preparation and use in commercial orchards.
Physiological disorders. Post-harvest technology, harvest indices, harvesting methods,
grading, packaging and storage of the following crops. Mango, , banana, grapes, citrus,
papaya, sapota, guava, pomegranate, bael, ber, amla, anona, fig, pineapple, jackfruit,
avocado, mangosteen, litchi, carambola, durian, rambutan, bilimbi, loquat, rose apple
breadfruit and passion fruit. Bearing in mango and citrus, causes and control measures of
special production problems, alternate and irregular bearing overcome, control measures.
Seediness and kokkan disease in banana, citrus decline and casual factors and their
management. Bud forecasting in grapes, sex expression and seed production in papaya, latex
extraction and crude papain production, economics of production.
Practical
Description and identification of varieties based on flower and fruit morphology in
above crops. Training and pruning of grapes, mango, guava and citrus. Selection of site and
planting system, pre-treatment of banana suckers, desuckering in banana, sex forms in
papaya. Use of plastics in fruit production. Visit to commercial orchards and diagnosis of
maladies. Manure and fertilizer application including bio-fertilizer in fruit crops, preparation
and application of growth regulators in banana, grapes and mango. Seed production in
papaya, latex extraction and preparation of crude papain. Ripening of fruits, grading and
packaging, production economics for tropical and sub-tropical fruits. Mapping of arid and
semi-arid zones of India. Botanical description and identification of ber, fig, jamun,
pomegranate, carissa, phalsa, wood apple, West Indian cherry, tamarind, aonla, bael and
annona.

Suggested Reading:
1. H.P.Singh and M.M.Mustafa, 2009. Banana-new innovations. Westville
PublishingHouse, New Delhi
2. M.S.Ladaniya, 2013. Citrus Fruits. Elsevier, India post ltd.
3. Bose, T.K., Mitra, S.K. and Sanyal, D., 2002.Tropical and Sub-Tropical-Vol-I. Naya
udyog-Kolkata
 4. Rajput, CBS and Srihari babu, R., 1985. Citriculture. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
5. Chundawat, B.S., 1990. Arid fruit culture. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.

6. Chadha,K.L. (ICAR) 2002, 2001. Hand book of Horticulture. ICAR, New Delhi.
7. Symmonds, 1996. Banana. II Edn. Longman, London.
8. Radha T and Mathew L., 2007.Fruit crops. New India
Publishing agency W S Dhillon, 2013.Fruit Productionin
India.Narendra Publishing House, New Delhi
9. T.K.Chattopadhyay, 1997. Text book on pomology. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
10. R.E.Litz, 2009. The Mango 2nd Edn. Cabi Publishing, Willingford, U.K.
11. K.L.Chadda, 2009. Advanced in Horticulture. Malhotra Publishing House, New Delhi.
12. S.P. Singh, 2004. Commercial fruits. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
13. F.S. Davies and L.G.Albrigo, 2001. Citrus, Cab International.

4. Temperate Fruit Crops FS-317 2 (1+1)

Theroy
Classification of temperate fruits, detailed study of areas, production, varieties, climate
and soil requirements, propagation, planting density, cropping systems, after care training and
pruning, self-incompatibility and pollinisers, use of growth regulators, nutrient and weed
management, harvesting, post-harvest handling and storage of apple, pear, peach, apricot,
plum, cherry, persimmon, strawberry, kiwi, Queens land nut (Mecademia nut), almond,
walnut, pecan nut, hazel nut and chest nut. Re-plant problem, rejuvenation and special
production problems like pre-mature leaf fall, physiological disorders, important insect –
pests and diseases and their control measures. Special production problems like alternate
bearing problem and their remedies.
Practical
Nursery management practices, description and identification of varieties of above
crops, manuring and fertilization, planting systems, preparation and use of growth regulators,
training and pruning in apple, pear, plum, peach and nut crops. Visit to private orchards to
diagnose maladies. Working out economics for apple, pear, plum and peach.
1. Suggested Reading:
2. Chattopadhyay T.K.2009.A text book on Pomology-IV Devoted to Temperate fruits.
Kalyani
3. Publishers.B-1/292,Rajinder Nagar,Ludhiana-141008
4. Banday F.A. and Sharma M.K.2010.Advances in Temperate Fruit Production.
Kalyani Publishers.B-1/292, Rajinder Nagar, Ludhiana-141008.
5. Kaushal Kumar Misra.2014.Text book of Advanced Pomology. Biotech Books.4762-
63, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New delhi-11002.
6. Das B.C and Das S.N .Cultivation of Minor Fruits. Kalyani Publishers.B-1/292,
Rajinder Nagar, Ludhiana-141008.
7. Pal J.S.2010. Fruit Growing .2010. Kalyani Publishers.B-1/292,Rajinder Nagar,
Ludhiana-141008.
8. Mitra S.K, Rathore D.S and Bose T .K. 1992. Temperate Fruit Crops. Horticulture and
Allied Publishers, Calcutta.
 9. Chattopadhya, T.K. 2000. A Text Book on Pomology (Temperate Fruits) Vol. IV
Kalyani Publishers, Hyderabad
10. Chadha, T.R, 2001. Text Book of Temperate Fruits. Indian Council of Agricultural
Research, New Delhi.
11. David Jackson & N E Laone, 1999 Subtropical and Temperate Fruit Production.
CABI, Publications.
12. W S Dhillon. 2013. Fruit Production In India. Narendra Publishing House. New Delhi
5. Orchard and Estate Management FS- 215 2(1+1)
Theroy
Orchard & estate management, importance, objectives, merits and demerits, clean
cultivation, sod culture, Sod mulch, herbicides and inorganic and organic mulches. Tropical,
sub-tropical and temperate horticultural systems, competitive and complimentary effect of
root and shoot systems. Biological efficiency of cropping systems in horticulture, systems of
irrigation. Soil management in relation to nutrient and water uptake and their effect on soil
environment, moisture, organisms and soil properties. Factors influencing the fruitfulness and
unfruitfulness. Rejuvenation of old orchards, top working, frame working, Integrated nutrient
and pest management. Utilization of resources constraints in existing systems. Crop model
and crop regulation in relation to cropping systems. Climate aberrations and mitigation
measures of Horticultural crops.
Practical
Layout of different systems of orchard and estate, soil management, clean, inter, cover
and mixed cropping, fillers. Use of mulch materials, organic and inorganic, moisture
conservation, weed control. Layout of various irrigation systems.
Suggested Reading:
1. Kumar, 1990.Introduction to Horticulture crops. Rajyalakshmi
Publications Nagercoil, Tamilnadu.
2. Palaniappan, S.P. and Sivaraman, K. 1996. Cropping systems in the
Tropics New age International (P) Ltd., Publishers, New Delhi.
3. Shanmugavelu, K.G.1989.Production Technology of Fruit Crops.
Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi.
4. WS. Dhillon and Bhatt. 2011.Fruit Tree Physiology. Narendra
Publishing House, New Delhi.
5. B .C. Mazumdar. 2004. Principles and Methods of Orchard Establishment. Daya
Publishing House, New Delhi.
6. T. Pradeep Kumar, B. Suma, Jyothi Bhaskar and K.N.Satheson. 2008.
Management of Horticultural Crops. New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi.
7. B .C. Mazumdar. 2004. Orchard Irrigation and Soil Management Practices Daya
Publishing Agency, New Delhi. Daya Publishing Agency, New Delhi.
6. Plantation Crops FS-226 3 (2+1)
Theory
History and development, scope and importance, area and production, export and import
potential, role in national and state economy, uses, industrial importance, by products
utilization, soil and climate, varieties, propagation: principles and practices of seed,
vegetative and micro-propagation, planting systems and method, gap filling, systems of
cultivation, mulching, shade regulation, weed and water management, training, pruning and
handling, nutrition, foliar feeding, role of growth regulators, soil management, liming
practices, tipping practices, top working, physiological disorders, harvesting, post-harvest
handling and processing, packaging and marketing, yield and economics of coconut,
arecanut, oil palm, palmyrah palm, cacao, cashew nut, coffee, tea, Date palm and rubber.

Practical
Description and identification of coconut varieties, selection of coconut and arecanut
mother palm and seed nut, planting of seed nuts in nursery, layout and planting of coconut,
arecanut, oil palm, cashew nut, cacao gardens, manuring, irrigation; mulching, raising
masonry nursery for palm, nursery management in cacao. Description and identification of
species and varieties in coffee, harvesting, grading, pulping, fermenting, washing, drying and
packing of coffee, seed berry collection, seed extraction, treatment and sowing of coffee,
epicotyl, softwood, grafting and top working in cashew, working out the economics and
project preparation for coconut, arecanut, oil palm, cashew nut, cacao, etc. Mother plant
selection, preparation of cuttings and rooting of tea under specialized structure, training,
centering, pruning, tipping and harvesting of tea.
Suggested Reading:
1. Kumar, N.J.B. M. Md. Abdul Khaddar, Ranga Swamy, P. and Irrulappan, I. 1997.
Introduction to spices, Plantation crops and Aromatic plants. Oxford & IBH, New
Delhi.
2. Thampan, P.K. 1981.Hand Book of Coconut Palm. Oxford IBH, New Delhi.
3. Nair 1979. Cashew. CPCRI, Kerala
4. Wood, GAR, 1975. Cacao. Longmen, London
5. Ranganadhan, V. 1979. Hand Book of Tea Cultivation. UPASI Tea Research Station,
Cinchona.
6. Thompson, P.K. 1980. Coconut. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
7. Weed Management in Horticultural Crops AG-212 (HO) 2 (1+1)
Theroy
Weeds: Introduction, harmful and beneficial effects, classification, propagation and
dissemination; Weed biology and ecology, crop weed association, crop weed competition and
allelopathy Concepts of weed prevention, control and eradication; Methods of weed control:
physical, cultural, chemical and biological methods. Integrated weed management; Herbicides:
advantages and limitation of herbicide usage in India, Herbicide classification, formulations,
methods of application; Introduction to Adjuvants and their use in herbicides; Introduction to
selectivity of herbicides; Compatibility of herbicides with other agro chemicals; Weed
management in major field and horticultural crops, shift of weed flora in cropping systems,
aquatic and problematic weeds and their control.
Practical
Identification of weeds; Survey of weeds in crop fields and other habitats; Preparation of
herbarium of weeds; Calculations on weed control efficiency and weed index; Herbicide label
information; Computation of herbicide doses; Study of herbicide application equipment and
calibration; Demonstration of methods of herbicide application; Preparation of list of
commonly available herbicides; Study of phytotoxicity symptoms of herbicides in different
 crops; Biology of nut sedge, bermuda grass, parthenium and celosia; Economics of weed
control practices; Tours and visits of problem areas.

Suggested reading:
1. Crafts, A.S. and Robbins, W.W. 1973. Weed Control. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Gupta, O.P. 1984. Scientific Weed Management. Today and Tomorrow Printers and
Publishers, New Delhi.
3. Gupta, O.P. 2015. Modern Weed Management. Agro Bios (India), Jodhpur.
4. Naidu, V.S.G.R., Handbook of Weed Identification. Directorate of Weed Research,
Jabalpur.
5. Rajagopal, A., Aravindan, R. and Shanmugavelu, K.G., 2015. Weed management of
Horticultural Crops. Agrobios (India), Jodhpur.
6. Ramamoorthy, K. and Subbian, P., Predominant Weed flora in hill –ecosystems.
Agrobios (India), Jodhpur.
7. Rao, V.S. 2000. Principles of Weed Science. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., New
Delhi.
8. Subramanian, S., Mohammed Ali, A. and Jayakumar, R. 1991. All About Weed
Control. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
9. Tadulingam, C. and Venkatnarayana, D. 1955. A Handbook of Some South Indian
Weeds.
10. Government Press, Madras.
11. Thakur, C. 1977. Weed Science. Metropolitan Book Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
8. Principles of Genetics and Cytogenetics PBG-111 (HO) 3 (2+1)
Theroy
Historical background of genetics, theories and hypothesis. Physical basis of heredity,
cell reproduction, mitosis, meiosis and its significance. Gametogenesis and syngamy in
plants. Mendelian genetics–Mendel’s principles of heredity, deviation from Mendelian
inheritance, pleiotropy, threshold characters, co-dominance, penetrance and expressivity.
Chromosome theory of inheritance, gene interaction. Modification of monohybrid and
dihybrid rations. Multiple alleles, quantitative inheritance linkage and crossing over, sex
linked inheritance andt ocharacters. Cytoplasmic inheritance and maternal effects. Chemical
basis of heredity, structure of DNA and its replication. Evidence to prove DNA and RNA – as
genetic material. Mutations and their classification. Chromosomal aberrations, changes in
chromosome structure and number.
Practical
Study of fixatives and stains. Squash and smear techniques. Demonstrations of
permanent slides and cell division, illustration in plant cells, pollen fertility and viability,
determination of gametes, Solving problems of monohybrid, dihybrid, and test cross ratios
using chi-square test, gene interactions, estimation of linkages using three point test cross
from F2 data and construction of linkage maps. Genetics variation in pea.
Suggested Reading:
1. Gardner E J, Simmons M J &Snustard D P. Principles of Genetics (VIII Edn). John
Wiley & Sons, New York.
2. Strickberger. Genetics. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York.
3. William D. Stansfield. Theory and Problems of Genetics (3rd Ed). Schaum’s Outline
series - McGraw-Hill Inc.
4. Benjamin Lewin. Genes (II edn). John Wiley & Sons, New York.
5. Phundan Singh. Elements of Genetics. Kalyani publishers, New Delhi.
6. Swanson & Webster. The Cell (V edn). Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
7. Norman,V. Rothwell. Understanding Genetics (IV Ed.). Oxford University Press,
Oxford.
8. Sinnut, Dunn & Dobzhansky. Principles of Genetics XIX reprint. Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
9. Griffiths, Miller, Suzuki Lewontin & Gelbart. An introduction to Genetic Analysis (V
Ed.). W.H.Freeman & Company, Newyork
10. Robert Schieif. Genetics & Molecular Biology (1986). The Benjamin/cummings
publishing Co, Inc, California.
11. Swanson, Merz & Young. Cytogenetics (II ed.). Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. New
Delhi.
12. Joseph Jahier& INRA working group. Techniques of Plant Cytogenetics (1986).
Oxford & IBH Publishing Co Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi
13. Loewy & Siekevitz. Cell Structure & Function (II Ed.). Oxford & IBH Publishing
Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
14. Stent & Calendar.Molecular Genetics(II Ed.). CBS Publishers,
New Delhi Singh B D.Fundamentals of Genetics. Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi
15. Srivastava&Tyagi. Selected Problems in Genetics (Vol.1-3). Anmol Publications Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi
16. Khanna VK. Genetics–Numerical Problems. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
17. Farook& Khan.Genetics & Cytogenetics(I Ed.). Premier Publishing House,
Hyderabad. Shukla.Cell Biology(2001). Dominant publishers, New Delhi
18. George Acquaah.Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding.
Blackwell. B.D. Singh.Fundamental of Genetics. Kalyani.
India
19. Gupta, P.K. 1985.Cytology, genetics and cytogenetics. Rastogi Publication, India.
9. Principles of Plant Breeding PBG-122 (HO) 3 (2+1)
Theroy
Plant breeding as a dynamic science, genetic basis of Plant Breeding – classical,
quantitative and molecular, Plant Breeding in India – limitations, major achievements, goal
setting for future. Sexual reproduction (cross and self-pollination), asexual reproduction,
pollination control mechanism (incompatibility and sterility and implications of reproductive
systems on population structure). Genetic components of polygenic variation and breeding
strategies, selection as a basis of crop breeding and marker assisted selection Hybridization
and selection – goals of hybridization, selection of plants; population developed by
hybridization – simple crosses, bulk crosses and complex crosses. General and special
breeding techniques. Heterosis – concepts, estimation and its genetic basis. Calculation of
heterosis, heterobeltosis, GCA, SCA, inbreeding depression, heritability and genetic advance.
Emasculation, pollination techniques in important horticultural crops. Breeding for resistance
of biotic and abiotic stresses. Polyploidy breeding. Mutation breeding.

Practical

Breeding objectives and techniques in important horticultural crops. Floral biology – its
measurement, emasculation, crossing and selfing techniques in major crops. Determination of
mode of reproduction in crop plants, handling of breeding material, segregating generations
(pedigree, bulk and back cross methods), Field layout, and maintenance of experimental
records in self and cross pollinated crops. Demonstration of hybrid variation and production
techniques. Hardy Weinberg Law and calculation, male sterility and incompatibility studies
in horticultural crops calculation of inbreeding depression, heterosis, heterobeltioses, GCA,
SCA, GA, heritability.

Suggested Reading:

1. R.W. Allard. Principles of plant breeding. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

2. V.L. Chopra. Plant breeding: Theory and Practice. Oxford & IBH Publishing CO. Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi.

3. Phundan Singh. Essentials of plant breeding. Kalyani Publishers

4. J.R. Sharma. Principles and practices of plant breeding. Tata McGraw Publishing
Company Ltd., New Delhi

5. B.D. Singh. Plant breeding : principles and methods. Kalyani Publishers,

Ludhiana. R.C. Chaudhary. Plant Breeding
6. Hays and Garber. Breeding crop plants. Mc Graw Hill Publications,
New York G K Kallo. Breeding of vegetables. Panima publishers, New
Delhi
7. W.R. Fehr. Principles of cultivar development: theory and technique (Vol. 1).
Macmillan Publishing Company, New York.

8. D.S. Falconer. Introduction to quantitative genetics. Longman Scientific & Technical,

Longman Group, UK, Ltd., England.

9. R.K. Singh and B.D. Chaudhary. Biometrical methods in quantitative genetic analysis.
Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
 10. K. Mather and J.L Jinks. Introduction to Biometrical genetics. Chapman and Hall,
London B D Singh. Fundamental of Plant breeding. Kalyani. India.
11. Pundan Singh. Essentials of plant breeding. Kalyani. India

12. G. S. Chahal and S.S. Gosal. 2002. Principles and Procedures of Plant Breeding.
Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.

13. Poehlman, J.M. and Borthakar, D. 1995. Breeding Asian Field Crops. Oxford & IBH
Publishing Co., New Delhi

10. Breeding of Fruit and Plantation Crops FS-2143 (2+1)

Theroy
Fruit breeding - History, importance in fruit production, distribution, domestication and
adaptation of commercially important fruits, variability for economic traits, breeding
strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and its application in crop
improvement – policy manipulations – in vitro breeding tools (important fruit and plantation
crops).
Practical
Exercises on floral biology, pollen viability; emasculation and pollination procedures;
hybrid seed germination; raising and evaluation of segregating populations; use of mutagens
to induce mutations and polyploidy in major crops like Mango, Banana, Citrus, Grapes,
Guava, Sapota, Papaya, Custard apple, Aonla, Ber, Litchi, Pomegranate, Jamun, Arecanut,
Coconut, Pistchonut, Apple, Pear, Plum, Peach, Apricut and Strawberry.
Suggested Reading:
1. Nijar 1985.Fruit breeding in India,Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. New Delhi
2. Anil Kumar Shukla 2004. Fruit breeding approaches &
achievements. International Book Distributing Co. New Delhi.
3. Kumar, N. 1997. Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Principles and
Practices. New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi.
4. Singh, B.D. 1983.Plant Breeding Principles and methods. Kalyani
Publishers. New Delhi.
11. Dryland Horticulture FS-328 2(1+1)
Theroy
Definition, importance and limitation of dry land horticulture, present status and future
scope. Constraints encounter in dry lands. Agro-climatic features in rain shadow areas, scarse
water resources, high temperature, soil erosion, run-off losses etc.Techniques and
management of dry land horticulture. watershed development, soil and water conservation
methods-terraces, contour bunds,etc. Methods of control and impounding of run-off water-
farm ponds, trenches, macro catch pits,etc.,in-situ water harvesting methods, micro
catchment, different types of tree basins etc. Methods of reducing evapotranspiration, use of
shelter belts, mulches, antitranspirants, growth regulators, etc. water use efficiency-need
based, economic and conjunctive use of water, micro systems of irrigation etc.Selection of
plants having drought resistance. Special techniques, planting and after care-use of seedling
races, root stocks, in-situ grafting, deep pitting/planting, canopy management etc.Characters
and special adaptation of crops: ber, aonla, annona, jamun, wood apple, bael, pomegranate,
carissa, date palm, phalsa, fig, west Indian cherry and tamarind.
Practical
Study of rainfall patterns. Contour bunding/trenching, micro catchments, soil erosion and its
control. Study of evapotranspiration, mulches and micro irrigation systems. Special techniques
of planting and aftercare in dry lands. Study of morphological and anatomical features of
drought tolerant fruit crops.

Suggested reading:
1. Chundawat, B.S. 1990. Arid Fruit Culture. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.
2. P.L. Taroj, B.B. Vashishtha, D.G.Dhandar. 2004. Advances in Arid Horticulture.
Internal Book Distributing Co., Lucknow.
3. T. Pradeep Kumar, B. Suma, Jyothi Bhaskar and K.N.Sathesan. 2008. Management of
Horticultural Crops. New India Publishing Agency.

II. VEGETABLE SCIENCE

1. Tropical and Sub-tropical Vegetable Crops VCS-121 3(2+1)
Theroy
Area, production, economic importance and export potential of tropical and sub-tropical
vegetable crops. Description of varieties and hybrid, climate and soil requirements, seed rate,
preparation of field, nursery practices; transplanting of vegetable crops and planting for
directly sown/transplanted vegetable crops. Spacing, planting systems, water and weed
management; nutrient management and deficiencies, use of chemicals and growth regulators.
Cropping systems, harvest, yield, post-harvest handling, economics and marketing of tropical
and sub-tropical vegetable crops such as tomato, brinjal, chillies, capsicum, okra, amaranthus,
cluster beans,cowpea, lab-lab, snap bean, cucurbits, moringa, curry leaf, portulaca, basella,
sorrel and roselle.
Practical
Identification and description of tropical and sub-tropical vegetable crops; nursery
practices and transplanting, preparation of field and sowing/planting for direct sown and
planted vegetable crops. Herbicide use in vegetable culture; top dressing of fertilizers and
intercultural; use of growth regulators; identification of nutrient deficiencies. Physiological
disorder. Harvest indices and maturity standards, post-harvest handling and storage,
marketing, seed extraction (cost of cultivation for tropical and sub-tropical vegetable crops),
project preparation for commercial cultivation.
Suggested Reading:
1. S. Thamburaj, 2014. Text book of vegetable, tuber crops and Spices. ICAR, New Delhi
2. B.R.Choudhary, 2009.AText book on production technology of vegetables. Kalyani
Publishers.Ludhiana.
3. T.K.Bose, 2002.Vegetable Crops. Nayaprakash. Kolkata
4. P.Hazra, 2011. Modern Technology in Vegetable Production. New India Publishing
Agency.New Delhi.
5. T.R.Gopal Krishnan, 2007.Vegetable Crops. New India Publishing Agency.
New Delhi. K.V.Kamath, 2007.Vegetable Crop Production. Oxford Book
Company. Jaipur
6. M.S.Dhaliwal, 2008. Handbook of Vegetable Crops. Kalyani Publishers. Ludhiana
7. Singh, Umashankar, 2008. Indian Vegetables. Anmol Publications. Pvt.Ltd .New
Delhi.
8. K S Yawalkar, 2008.Vegetable crops in India. Agri-Horticultural Pub. House.
Nagpur. 2004 M.K.Rana, 2008.Olericulture in India. Kalyani Publishers.
Ludhiana P.Hazra, 2006.Vegetable science. Kalyani Publishers. Ludhiana
9. Pratibha Sharma, 2007.Vegetables : Disease Diagnosis and Biomanagement.
Avishkar Publishers. Jaipur
10. Uma Shankar,2008. Vegetable Pest Management Guide for Farmers. International
Book Distribution Co. Publication. Lucknow.
11. Nath Prem, 1994.Vegetables for the Tropical Regions. ICAR New Delhi
12. K.L.Chadha, 1993. Advances in Horticulture. Malhotra publishing house. New Delhi
13. Shanmugavelu, K.G., 1989. Production Technology of Vegetable Crops. Oxford
&IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
14. Choudhury, B. (ICAR). 1990. Vegetables. 8th edition, National Book Trust, New
Delhi.
15. Singh, D.K., 2007. Modern Vegetable varieties and production. IBN publishers,
Technology International Book Distributing Co, Lucknow.
16. Premnath, Sundari Velayudhan and Singh, D.P., 1987. Vegetables for the tropical
region. ICAR, New Delhi.
2. Spices and Condiments VCS-223 3(2+1)
Theroy
History, scope and importance, Present status, area and production, uses, export potential
and role in national economy. Classification, soil and climate, propagation-seed, vegetative
and micropropagation systems and methods of planting. Nutritional management, irrigation
practices, weed control, mulching and cover cropping. Training and pruning practices, role of
growth regulators, shade crops and shade regulation. Harvesting, post-harvest technology,
packaging, storage, value added products, methods of extraction of essential oil and
oleoresins. Economics of cultivation, role of Spice Board and Pepper. Export Promotion
Council, institutions and research centers in R&D. Crops: Cardamom, pepper, betel vine
ginger, turmeric, clove, nutmeg, cinnamon, all spice, curry leaf, coriander, fenugreek, fennel,
cumin, dill, celery, bishops weed, saffron, vanilla, thyme and rosemary.
Practical
Identification of varieties: propagation, seed treatment – sowing; layout, planting; hoeing
and earthing up; manuring and use of weedicides, training and pruning; fixing maturity
standards, harvesting, curing, processing, grading and extraction of essential oils and
oleoresins. Visit to commercial plantations.

Suggested Reading:
1. Shanmugavelu, K.G. Kumar, N and Peter, K.V., 2005. Production technology
of spices and plantation crops. . Agrosis, Jodhpur
2. Shanmugavelu, K.G. and Madhava Rao, 1977. Spices and Plantation Crops.
Madras Popular Book Depot.
3. Kumar, N. J.B. M. Md. Abdul khaddar, Ranga Swamy, P. and Irulappan, I.,
1997. Introduction to Spices, Plantation Crops, and aromatic crops. Oxford &
IBH, New Delhi.
4. Pruthi, J.S., 1980. Spices and Condiments. Academic Press, New York.
ICAR, New Delhi.
5. Purseglove, Brown, E.G. Green, G.Z. Robbins, S.R.J. London, Longman,
1981. Spices Vol.I & II.
3. Breeding of Vegetable, Tuber and Spice Crops VCS-316 3(2+1)
Theroy
Breeding objectives and important concepts of breeding self pollinated, cross pollinated
and vegetatively propagated crops. Plant genetic resources, their conservation and utilization
in crop improvement. Breeding for insect resistance, breeding for disease resistance, breeding
for abiotic resistance, male sterility and incompatibility and their utilization in development
of hybrids. Origin, distribution of species, wild relatives and forms of vegetable crops
Tomato, Brinjal, Bhendi, Capsicum, Chilli, Cucurbits, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Tuber crops,
Potato, Carrot, Radish, Spice crops (Ginger, Turmeric).Breeding procedures for development
of hybrids/varieties in various crops. Genetic basis of adoptability and stability.
 Practical
Floral biology and pollination mechanism in self and cross pollinated vegetables, tuber
crops and spices. Working out phenotypic and genotypic heritability, genetic advance. GCA,
SCA, combining ability, heterosis, heterobeltosis, standard heterosis, GxE interactions
(stability analysis) Preparation and uses of chemical and physical mutagens. Polyploidy
breeding and chromosomal studies. Techniques of F1 hybrid seed production. Maintenance of
breeding records.
Suggested Reading:
1. Hari Hara Ram, 2013.Vegetable Breeding: Principle and Practices. Kalyani
Publishers. Ludhiana.Vishnu Swaroop, 2014. Vegetable Science &Technology in
India. Kalyani Publishers. Ludhiana.
2. Kallo.G, 1998. Vegetable Breeding (Vol.I to IV). CRC Press. Florida. 1988.
3. H.P. Singh, 2009.Vegetable Varieties of India. Studium Press (India) Pvt Ltd. New
Delhi.
4. M.S. Dhaliwal. 2012. Techniques of Developing Hybrids in Vegetable Crops.
Agrobios. Jodhpur.
5. P.K.Singh, 2005. Hybrid Vegetable Development. CRC Press. Florida.
6. M.S.Dhaliwal, 2009. Vegetable Seed Production & Hybrid Technology. Kalyani
Publishers.Ludhiana.

4. Seed Production of Vegetable, Tuber and Spice Crops VCS-328 3(2+1)

Theroy
Introduction and history of seed industry in India. Definition of seed, classes-types of
seed. Differences between grain and seed. Importance and scope of vegetable seed production
in India. Principles of vegetable seed production. Role of temperature, humidity and light in
vegetable seed production, land requirements, climate, season, planting time, nursery
management, seed rate, rouging, seed extraction and storage of cole crops, root vegetables,
solanaceous vegetables, cucurbits, okra, leafy vegetables, bulb crops, leguminous vegetables
and exotic vegetables. Seed germination and purity analysis. Field and seed standards. Seed
drying and extraction. Seed legislation.
Practical
Study of seed structure, colour size, shape and texture. Field inspection of seed crops.
Practices in rouging. Harvesting and seed extraction. Germination and purity analysis.
Methods of seed production, Seed certification in cole crops, root vegetables, bulb crops,
solanaceous vegetables, cucurbits, okra, leafy vegetables, leguminous vegetables and exotic
vegetables. Seed processing machines. Visit to seed production units.
Suggested Reading:
1. G.N. Kulkarni, 2002.Principles of Seed Technology. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
2. L.O. Copeland, 1999.Principles of Seed Science and Technology. Springer
Publications.
3. N.P. Nema, 1988.Principles of seed certification and Testing. Allied Publications.
4. P. Hazra and M.G. Som, 2009. Vegetable seed production and Hybrid Technology.
Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
 5. Agarwal, P. K. 2010. Techniques in Seed Science and Technology.
South Asian Publishers. New Delhi.
6. Agrawal R. L. 1999. Seed Technology. Oxford and IBH Publicity Company, New
Delhi.
7. Arya, Prem Singh. 2003. Vegetable seed Production Principles. Kalyani Publishers.
8. Ludhiana.
9. Fageria, M. S. 2011. Vegetable Crops- Breeding and Seed Production.
Kalyani Publishers. Ludhiana.
10. Geetharani, P. 2007. Seed Technology in Horticultural Crops. NPH
Publications.Jodhpur.
11. Singh, S.P. 2001. Seed Production in Commercial Vegetables. Agrotech Publishing
Academy, Udaipur.
12. Vanangamudi, K.2010. Vegetable Hybrid Seed Production and Management.
Agrobios. Jodhpur.
13. Singh, Prabhakar.2015.Seed Production Technology of vegetable. Daya Publishing
House.New Delhi.
14. Raymond A.T., 2000. Vegetable Seed Production. Oxford University Press, USA Prem
Singh Arya, 2003. Vegetable breeding, production and seed production. Kalyani
publishers, New Delhi.
15. Rattan lal Agarwal, 1995. Seed technology. Oxford & IBH, New Delhi
16. Singh, S.P. 2001. 1st edition, Seed production of commercial vegetables. Agrotech
Publishing, Udaipur
17. Vanangamudi, K. 2006. Natarajan, P. Srimathi, N.Natarajan, T. Saravanan, M.
Bhaskaran, A.
18. Bharathi, P. Nateshan, K. Malarkodi. Advances in Seed Science. Agrobios (India),
Jodhpur.
19. Nemgal Singh, P.K. Singh, Y.K. Singh and Virendra kumar, 2006. Vegetable Seed
Production Technology. International book distributing co., Lucknow.
20. Khare, D. and Bhole, M.S. 2000. Seed Technology. Scientific Publishers (India)
Jodhpur.
5. Temperate Vegetable Crops VCS-212 2 (1+1)
Theroy
Importance of cool season vegetable crops in nutrition and national economy. Area,
production, export potential, description of varieties and hybrids, origin, climate and soil,
production technologies, post-harvest technology and Marketing of cabbage, cauliflower,
knol-khol, sprouting broccoli, Brussels’ sprout, lettuce, palak, Chinese cabbage, spinach,
garlic, onion, leek, radish, carrot, turnip, beet root, peas, broad beans, rhubarb, asparagus,
globe artichoke, Vegetable kale.
Practical
Identification and description of varieties/hybrids; propagation methods, nursery
management; preparation of field, sowing/transplanting; identification of physiological and
nutritional disorders and their corrections; post-harvest handling; cost of cultivation and field
visits to commercial farms.
 Suggested Reading:
1. S. Thamburaj. 2014. Text book of vegetable, tuber crops and Spices. ICAR, New
Delhi.
2. B.R.Choudhary 2009.AText book on production technology of vegetables. Kalyani
Publishers.Ludhiana.
3. T.K.Bose. 2002.Vegetable Crops. Nayaprakash. Kolkata
4. P.Hazra. 2011. Modern Technology in Vegetable Production. New India Publishing
Agency.New Delhi.
5. T.R.Gopal Krishnan, 2007.Vegetable Crops. New India Publishing Agency.
New Delhi .
6. K.V.Kamath. 2007.Vegetable Crop Production. Oxford Book Company. Jaipur
7. M.S.Dhaliwal, 2008.Handbook of Vegetable Crops. Kalyani Publishers. Ludhiana
8. Singh, Umashankar, 2008. Indian Vegetables. Anmol Publications. Pvt.Ltd .New
Delhi.
9. K S Yawalkar, 2004.Vegetable crops in India. Agri-Horticultural Pub. House.
Nagpur.
10. M.K.Rana, 2008.Olericulture in India. Kalyani Publishers. Ludhiana
11. P.Hazra. 2006.Vegetable science. Kalyani Publishers .Ludhiana
12. Pratibha Sharma, 2007.Vegetables : Disease Diagnosis and Biomanagement.
Avishkar Publishers. Jaipur
13. Uma Shankar. 2008. Vegetable Pest Management Guide for Farmers. International
Book Distribution Co. Publication. Lucknow.
14. Nath Prem. 1994.Vegetables for the Tropical Regions. ICAR New Delhi
15. K.L.Chadha. 1993.Advances in Horticulture. Malhotra publishing house. New Delhi
16. Shanmugavelu, K.G. 1989. Production technology of vegetable crops. Oxford and
IBH publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
17. Bose, T.K. 2003. Vegetable Crops. Naya udyog publishers, Kolkata. 2002. Naya
Prakash, Calcutta.
18. Prem Singh Arya, 1999. Vegetable Seed Production Principles. Kalyani Publishers,
New Delhi.
19. Choudhery, B., 1990. Vegetables. 8th edition. National Book Trust, New Delhi.
6. Potato and Tuber Crops VCS-317 2 (1+1)
Theroy
Origin, area, production, economic importance and export potential of potato and
tropical, sub-tropical and temperate tuber crops; description of varieties and hybrids. Climate
and soil requirement, season; seed rate; preparation of field; planting practices; spacing;
water, nutrient and weed management; nutrient deficiencies. Use of chemicals and growth
regulators; cropping systems. Harvesting practices, yield; economic of cultivation. Post-
harvest handling and storage, field and seed standards, marketing. Crops to be covered –
potato, sweet potato, arrow root, cassava, colocasia, xanthosoma, amorphophallus, dioscorea,
Jerusalem artichoke, horse radish and other under exploited tuber crops.
Practical
Identification and description of potato and tropical, sub-tropical and temperate tuber
crops; planting systems and practices; field preparation and sowing/planting. Top dressing of
fertilizers and interculture and use of herbicides and growth regulators; identification of
nutrient deficiencies, physiological disorders; harvest indices and maturity standards, post-
harvest handling and storage, marketing. Seed collection, working out cost of cultivation,
project preparation of commercial cultivation.
Suggested Reading:
1. S. Thamburaj. 2014. Text book of vegetable, tuber crops and Spices. ICAR, New
Delhi.
2. B.R.Choudhary 2009.AText book on production technology of vegetables. Kalyani
Publishers.Ludhiana.
3. T.K.Bose. 2002.Vegetable Crops. Nayaprakash. Kolkata
4. P.Hazra. 2011. Modern Technology in Vegetable Production. New India Publishing
Agency.New Delhi.
5. T.R.Gopal Krishnan, 2007.Vegetable Crops. New India Publishing Agency. New
Delhi.
6. K.V.Kamath. 2007.Vegetable Crop Production. Oxford Book Company. Jaipur
7. M.S.Dhaliwal, 2008.Handbook of Vegetable Crops. Kalyani Publishers.
8. Singh, Umashankar, 2008. Indian Vegetables. Anmol Publications. Pvt.Ltd .New
Delhi.
9. K S Yawalkar, 2004.Vegetable crops in India. Agri-Horticultural Pub. House.
Nagpur.
10. M.K.Rana, 2008.Olericulture in India. Kalyani Publishers. Ludhiana
11. P.Hazra. 2006.Vegetable science. Kalyani Publishers .Ludhiana
12. Pratibha Sharma, 2007.Vegetables : Disease Diagnosis and Biomanagement. Avishkar
Publishers. Jaipur
13. Uma Shankar. 2008. Vegetable Pest Management Guide for Farmers. International
Book Distribution Co. Publication. Lucknow.
14. Nath Prem. 1994.Vegetables for the Tropical Regions. ICAR New Delhi
15. K.L.Chadha. 1993.Advances in Horticulture. Malhotra publishing house. New Delhi
16. Shanmugavelu, K.G. 1989. Production technology of vegetable crops. Oxford and IBH
publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
17. Bose, T.K. 2003. Vegetable Crops. Naya udyog publishers, Kolkata. 2002. Naya
Prakash, Calcutta.
18. Prem Singh Arya, 1999. Vegetable Seed Production Principles. Kalyani Publishers,
New Delhi.
19. Choudhery, B., 1990. Vegetables. 8th edition. National Book Trust, New Delhi.
20. Vincent Lebot, 2008.Tropical roots and tuber crops. CAVI.
21. J.E. Bradashaw, 2010. Root and tuber crops. Springer Publications.
7. Precision Farming & Protected Cultivation VCS-224 3 (2+1)
Theroy
Precision farming – laser leveling, mechanized direct seed sowing; seedling and sapling
transplanting, mapping of soils and plant attributes, site specific input application, weed
management, insect pests and disease management, yield mapping in horticultural crops.
Green house technology, Introduction, Types of Green Houses; Plant response to Greenhouse
environment, Planning and design of greenhouses, Design criteria of greenhouse for cooling
and heating purposes. Green house equipment, materials of construction for traditional and
low cost green houses. Irrigation systems used in greenhouses, Typical applications, passive
solar green house, hot air greenhouse heating systems, green house drying. Cost estimation
and economic analysis. Choice of crops for cultivation under greenhouses, problems /
constraints of greenhouse cultivation and future strategies. Growing media, soil culture, type
 of soil required, drainage, flooding and leaching, soil pasteurization in peat moss and
mixtures, rock wool and other inert media, nutrient film technique (NFT) / hydroponics.
Practical
Study of different types of greenhouses based on shape, construction and cladding
materials; Calculation of air rate exchange in an active summer winter cooling system;
Calculation of rate of air exchange in an active winter cooling system; Estimation of drying
rate of agricultural products inside green house; Testing of soil and water to study its
suitability for growing crops in greenhouses; The study of fertigation requirements for
greenhouses crops and estimation of E.C. in the fertigation solution; The study of various
growing media used in raising of greenhouse crops and their preparation and pasteurization /
sterilization; Visit to commercial green houses; Economics of protected cultivation.

Suggested Reading:
1. Balraj Singh. 2006. Protected cultivation of vegetable crops. Kalyani Publishers,
Ludhiana.
2. Brahma Singh, 2014.Advances in Protected Cultivation. New India Publishing
Agency. New Delhi.
3. Reddy P. Parvatha, 2003. Protected Cultivation. Springer Publications. USA.
4. Reddy, P. Parvatha. 2011. Sustainable crop protection under Protected Cultivation.
Springer Publications. USA.
5. Jitendra Singh, 2015.Precision Farming in Horticulture. New India Publishing
Agency. New Delhi.
6. Prasad S. 2005. Greenhouse Management for Horticultural Crops. Agrobios. Jodhpur.
7. Jitendra Singh, S.K. Jain, L.K. Dashora, B.S. Cundawat.2013. Precision forming in
Horticulture.New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi.
8. T. Pradeep Kumar, B. Suma, Jyothi Bhaskar and K.N.Satheson. 2008. Management
of Horticultural crops. New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi.
9. Aldrich RA & Bartok JW. 1994. NRAES,Riley, Robb Hall. Green House
Engineering. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
10. Pant V Nelson. 1991.Green House Operation and Management. Bali Publ

III. POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY

1. Postharvest Management of Horticultural Crops PHM-312 3(2+1)
Theroy
Importance of Postharvest Technology in horticultural crops. Maturity indices,
harvesting, handling, grading of fruits, vegetables, cut flowers, plantation crops, spices,
medicinal and aromatic plants. Pre-harvest factors affecting quality, factors responsible for
deterioration of horticultural produce, physiological and bio-chemical changes, hardening and
delaying ripening process. Postharvest treatments of horticultural crops. Quality parameters
and specifications. Structure of fruits, vegetables and cut flowers related to physiological
changes after harvest. Methods of storage for local market and export. Pre-harvest treatment
and pre-cooling, pre-storage treatments. Different systems of storage, packaging methods and
types of packages, recent advances in packaging. Types of containers and cushioning
materials, vacuum packaging, cold storage, poly shrink packaging, grape guard packing
treatments. Modes of transport.
Practical
Practice in judging the maturity of various horticultural produce, determination of
physiological loss in weight and quality. Grading of horticultural produce, post-harvest
treatment of horticultural crops, physical and chemical methods. Packaging studies in fruits,
vegetables, plantation crops, spices and cut flowers by using different packaging materials,
methods of storage, post-harvest disorders in horticultural produce. Identification of storage
pests and diseases in spices. Visit to markets, packing houses and cold storage units.
Suggested Reading:
1. Verma, L. R. and Joshi, V. K. 2000. Post Harvest Technology of Fruits and
Vegetables. Vol. I & II. Indus Publishing Co., New Delhi
2. Wiils, McGlasson and Graham, J. 2007. Post Harvest- An Introduction to the
Physiology and Handling of Fruits, Vegetables and ornamentals. Cab International
3. Stanley, J. K. 1998. Post Harvest Physiology of Perishable Plant Products. CBS,
NewDelhi.
4. Neetu Sharma and Mashkoor Alam, M. 1998. Post Harvest Diseases of Horticultural
Perishables. International Book Distributing Co., Lucknow.
5. Chadha, K. L. and Kalloo, G.1993. Advances in Horticulture. Vol. 4 to 10. MPH, New
Delhi.
6. Hulme, A.C. 1970. Food Science & Technology - A Series of Monograph. The
Biochemistry of Fruits and their Products. Vol.-1. Academic Press London & New
York.
7. Mitra, S. K. 1997. Post Harvest Physiology and Storage of Tropical and Sub-tropical
Fruits.
8. CAB International.
9. Fellows, P. J. 1998. Food Processing Technology – principles and Practices. Ellis
Horwood.
10. Thomposon, A. K. 1996. Post harvest Technology of Fruits and Vegetables. Blackwell
Science.
11. Battacharjee, S. K. and De, L. C. 2005. Post Harvest Technology of Flowers and
Ornamentals Plants. Ponteer Publisher, Jaipur, India.
12. Pruthi, J. S. 2001. Minor Spices and Condiments – Crop Managements and Post
Harvest Technology. ICAR, New Delhi.
13. Shanmugavelu, K. G., Kumar, N. and Peter K.V. 2002. Production Technology of
Spices and Plantation Crops. Agrobios (India).
14. Saraswathy, S. et. al. 2008. Post harvest Management of Horticultural Crops. Agribios
(India).81-7754-322-9.
15. Kitinoja, L. and Kader, A. A. 2003. Small-Scale Postharvest Handling practice: A
Manual for Horticulture crops (4th edt.). US Davis, PHT Research and information
Center.
16. Jacob John, P. 2008. A Handbook on Post Harvest management of Fruits and
vegetables. Daya Publishing House, Delhi-1081-7035-532-X.
17. Kitinoja, L. and Kader, A. A. 2003. Small-Scale Postharvest Handling practice: A
Manual for Horticulture crops (4 edt). US Davis, PHT Research and information
Center.
18. http://www.postharvest.com.au
19. http://www.fao.org/infoods/index_en.stm
 20. www.postharvest.ucdavis.edu
2. Processing of Horticultural Crops PHM-323 3(1+2)
Theroy
Importance and scope of fruit and vegetable preservation industry in India, food pipe line,
losses in post-harvest operations, unit operations in food processing. Principles and guidelines
for the location of processing units. Principles and methods of preservation by heat -
pasteurization, canning, bottling. Methods of preparation of juices, squashes, syrups, cordials
and fermented beverages. Jam, jelly and marmalade. Preservation by sugar and chemicals,
candies, crystallized fruits, preserves chemical preservatives, preservation with salt and
vinegar, pickling, chutneys and sauces, tomato and mushrooms, freezing preservation.
Processing of plantation crops, products, spoilage in processed foods, quality control of
processed products, Govt. policy on import and export of processed fruits. Food laws.
Practical
Equipments used in food processing units. Physico-chemical analysis of fruits and vegetables.
Canning of fruits and vegetables, preparation of squash, RTS, cordial, syrup, jam, jelly,
marmalade, candies, preserves, chutneys, sauces, pickles (hot and sweet). Dehydration of
fruits and vegetables – tomato product dehydration, refrigeration and freezing, cut out
analysis of processed foods. Processing of plantation crops. Visit to processing units.
Suggested Reading:
1. Verma, L. R.and Joshi, V. K. 2000. Post Harvest Technology of Fruits and
Vegetables. Vol. I & II. Indus Publishing Co., New Delhi.
2. Dauthy, M. E. 1995. Fruits and Vegetables Processing- FAO Bulletin 119.
International Book Distributing Co., Lucknow.
3. Srivastava, R. P. & Sanjeev Kumar. 2002. Fruits and vegetable Preservation –
Principles and Practice. International Book Distributing Co., Lucknow.
4. Salunkhe, D.K., Bolin, H. R. and Reddy, N. R. 1991. Storage, Processing and
Nutritional Quality of Fruits and Vegetables. 2nd Edition. Vol. II. CRC Press
5. Neetu Sharma and Mashkoor Alam, M. 1998. Post Harvest Disease of Horticultural
Perishable. International Book Distributing Co., Lucknow
6. Chadha, K. L. and Kalloo, G.1993. Advances in Horticulture. Vol. 4 to 10. MPH, New
Delhi Fellows,
7. P. J. 1998. Food Processing Technology – principles and Practices. Ellis Horwood.
8. Manoranjan, K and Sangita, S. 1996. Food Preservation & Processing. Kalyani
Publishers,India.
9. Vijay, K. 2001. Text Book of Food Sciences and Technology. ICAR, New Delhi.
10. Siddappaa, G. S., Girdhari Lal and Tandon, G.L. 1998. Preservation of Fruits and
Vegetables. ICAR, New Delhi
11. FAO - Training Manual No.17/2. 2007. Prevention of post harvest food losses:
Fruits, Vegetables and Root crops. Daya Publishing House, Delhi.
12. Morris, T. N. 2006. Principles of Fruit Preservation. Biotech Books, Delhi.81-7622-
116-3.
13. http://www.postharvest.com.au
14. http://www.fao.org/infoods/index_en.stm
15. Srivastava,R. P.andSanjeevK.1998. Fruitandvegetablepreservation principlespractice.
Internati onalBookDistributingCo.,Lucknow.
 16. Girdharilal, Siddappa, G. S. and Tandon, G. L.1998. Preservation off ruits and
vegetables. ICAR, New Delhi.
17. Dauthy and Mircea, E.1995. Fruit and vegetables processing. International Book
Distribution Co, Lucknow.
18. KaysandStanely,J.1998. Postharvestphysiologyof perishableplantproducts.
CBSPublishers,Dist ributors,NewDelhi
19. Bhatti,S1995.Vame, Fruitandvegetableprocessing.
CBSPublishers,Distributors,NewDelhi.
3. Fundamentals of Food Technology PHM-211 2(1+1)
Theroy
Food and its function, physico-chemical properties of foods, food preparation techniques,
nutrition, relation of nutrition of good health. Characteristics of well and malnourished
population. Energy, definition, determination of energy requirements, food energy, total
energy needs of the body. Mineral nutrition: macro and micro-minerals (Ca, Fe and P),
function, utilization, requirements, sources, effects of deficiency. Vitamins: functions,
sources, effects of deficiency, requirements of water soluble and fat-soluble vitamins.
Balanced diet: recommended dietary allowances for various age groups, assessment of
nutritional status of the population.
Practical
Methods of measuring food ingredients, effect of cooking on volume and weight,
determination of percentage of edible portion. Browning reactions of fruits and vegetables.
Microscopic examination of starches, estimation of energy, value proteins and fats of foods.
Planning diet for various age groups.
Suggested Reading:
1. Dr. Swaminathan, M.1985. Food and Nutrition Vol. I & II. BAPPCO, Bangalore.
2. Dr. Swaminathan, M. 1985. Essential of Food and Nutrition Vol. II. BAPPCO,
Bangalore.
3. Manoranjan, K. and Sangita, S. 1996. Food Preservation and Processing. Kalyani
Publishers 978-81-272-4262-6.
4. Srilakshmi. 2010. Food Science. New age International 978-81-224-2724-0.
5. Srilakshmi. 2005. Dietetics. New age International 978-81-224-1611-4.
6. Shankunthala, M. 1972. Foods-Facts, Principles & Procedure. The Eastern Press,
Bengaluru.
7. Passmore, R. and Eastwood, M. A. 1986. Human Nutrition & Dietetics. ELBS
0443039194.
8. Anita, T. 1996. Food and Nutrition. Oxford 0198327668.
9. Devendra, K. B. and Priyanka, T. 2006. An Introduction to Food Science and
technology and Quality Management. Kalyani Publishers 81-272-2521-5.
10. Monoranjam, K. and Sangita, S. 2008. Food Preservation and Processing. Kalyani
Publishers 978-81-272-4262-6.
11. George, I. S. and Dennis, D. L. 1994. Chemistry for the Health Science. MacMillan 0-
02-405161-6.
12. Masferton and Hurley. 1989. Chemistry Principles and Reactions. Saunders Golden
Sunburst 0-03-005889-9.
13. Bettelheim and March. 1984. Introduction to General, Organic & Biochemistry.
Harcourt Brace college Puplishers 0030202175 Sounders college Puplishing.
IV. FLORICULTURE & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
1. Ornamental Horticulture 2(1+1) FL-223 3 (2+1)
Theroy
History, definitions, scope of ornamental horticulture, aesthetic values, Floriculture
industry, Importance, area and production, industrial importance of ornamental plants and
flowers. Importance, classification, design values and general cultivation aspects for
ornamental plants viz. Annuals, biennales herbaceous perennials, grasses and bulbous
ornamentals. shrubs, climbers, trees, indoor plants, palms and cycads, ferns and sellagenellas,
cacti and succulents, Importance, design and establishment of garden features/components
viz. hedge, edge, borders, flower beds, bridges, paths, drives, fences, garden walls, gates,
carpet bed, arbour, Patio, decking, retaining walls, shade garden, sunken garden, roof garden,
terrace garden, pebble garden, rockery, pools, waterfalls, fountains, bog garden, avenue
planting and children garden. Lawn types, establishment and maintenance. Importance of
Garden adornments viz. floral clock, bird bath, statutes, sculptures, lanterns, water basins,
garden benches etc.. Importance of flower arrangement, Ikebana, techniques, types, suitable
flowers and cut foliage, uses of vertical garden, bottle garden, terrariums, art of making
bonsai, culture of bonsai and maintenance.
Practical
Identification and description of annuals, biennials, herbaceous perennials, climbers,
shrubs, trees, indoor plants, ferns and sellagenellas, Palms and cycads and Cacti and
succulents. Planning and designing and establishment of garden features viz. lawn, hedge and
edge, rockery, water garden, carpet bedding, shade garden, roof garden, Study and creation of
terrariums, vertical garden, study and practice of different types of flower arrangements,
preparation of floral bouquets, preparation of floral rangoli, veni etc., Study of Bonsai
techniques, Bonsai practicing and training. Visit to nurseries and floriculture units.
Suggested Reading:
1. Bose, Chowdhury and Sharma.1991.Tropical Garden Plants in colour .Horticulture
and allied publishers, 3D Madhab Chatterjee street Kolkata.
2. K.V.Peter.2009.Ornamental plants. New India publishing agency, Pitampura, New
Delhi.
3. Richard Bird. 2002. Flowering trees and shrubs. Printed in Singapore by Star
Standard Industries pvt. Ltd.
4. Bimaldas Chowdhury and Balai Lal Jana.2014.Flowering Garden trees. Pointer
publishers, Jaipur. India.
5. Arora, J.S. 2006. Introductory Ornamental Horticulture. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana
6. Randhawa, G.S. Amitabha Mukhopadhyay, 2004. Floriculture in India. Allied
Publishers Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi.
7. Bose, T.K. Mukherjee, D. 2004. Gardening in India. Oxford & IBH Publishers.
8. Chadha, K.L. and Chaudhary, B. 1986. Ornamental Horticulture in India. Publication
andInformationdivision. ICAR,NewDelhi.
2. Breeding and Seed Production of Flower and Ornamental Crops
FL-324 3 (2+1)
Theroy
History of improvements of ornamental plants, Centre of origin of flower crops and
ornamental crops, objectives and techniques in ornamental plant breeding. Introduction,
selection, hybridization, mutation and biotechnological technique for improvement of
ornamental and flower crops viz., Rose, Jasmine, Chrysanthemum, Tuberose, Gerbera,
Gladiolus, dahlia Heliconia, Lilium, Gaillardia, Petunia, Hibiscus, Bouganvillea, Zinnia,
Cosmos, Dianthus, Snapdragon, Pansy, crossandra, marigold, , geranium, antirrhinium, china
aster, orchids, anthurium, carnation, hibiscus etc. Breeding for disease resistance.
Development of promising cultivars of important ornamentals and flower crops. Role of
heterosis and its exploitation, production of F1 hybrids and utilization of male sterility,
production of open pollinated seed. Harvesting processing and storage of seeds, seed
certification.
Practical
Study of floral biology and pollination in important species and cultivars. Techniques of
inducing polyploidy and mutation. Production of pure and hybrid seeds. Harvesting,
conditioning and testing of seeds. Practice in seed production methods.
Suggested Reading:
1. B.P. Pal. The Rose in India.1966.Directorate of Knowledge management in
Agriculture, Indian council of Agriculture Research-New Delhi.
2. T.K. Bose, L.P. Yadav, P. Patil, P. Das and V.A. Partha Sarthy. 2003. Commercial
flowers. Partha Sankar Basu, Nayaudyog, 206, Bidhan Sarani, Kolkata-700006.
3. S.K. Bhattacharjee and L.C. De. 2003. Advanced Commercial Floriculture. Aavishkar
Publishers, Distributors, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India.
4. D.J. Callaway and M.B. Callaway. 2000. Breeding Ornamental Plants. Timber Press
5. J. Harding, F.Singh and J.N. Mol. 1991. Genetics and Breeding of Ornamental Species.
Springer Publishers
6. Vainstein. 2002. Breeding for Ornamental: Classical and Molecular Approaches.
Springer Publishers
7. Singh,B.D. 1983. Breeding Principles and Methods. Kalyani Publishers, New
Delhi.
8. R.L. Agarwal. 1996. Seed Technology. Oxford & IBH Publishers, New Delhi
9. P.K. Agarwal. 1994. Principles of Seed Technology. ICAR Publication, New Delhi
 Report of the ICAR Fifth Deans’ Committee

3. Principles of Landscape Architecture FL-111 1 (0+1)

Theroy
Historical Importance of Indian gardens, Gardens of ancient world, Definitions, Famous
gardens of India and abroad, formal, informal, free style and wild gardens, basic themes of
gardens viz. circular, rectangular and diagonal themes, Steps in preparation of garden design.
Use of Auto CAD and Arch CAD in designing gardens. Factors affecting landscape design
viz. intial approach, view, human choice, simplicity, topography etc., Principles of Landscape
gardens viz. Axis, rhythm, balance, time and light, space, texture, form, mass effect, focal
point, mobility, emphasis, unity and harmony etc.. Elements of landscape gardens viz.
tangible and intangible elements. Bio-aesthetic planning, definition, objectives, Planning and
designing of home gardens, colonies, country planning, urban landscape, Development of
institutional gardens, planning and planting of avenues, beautifying schools, railway lines,
railway stations, factories, bus stands, air ports corporate buildings, dams, hydro electric
stations, river banks, play grounds, Gardens for places of religious importance viz. temples,
churches, mosques, tombs etc, Importance, features and establishment of English garden ,
Japanese gardens , Mughal, gardens, French and Persian garden, Italian gardens, Hindu
gardens and Buddhist gardens, Xeriscaping, definition, principles and practice.
Practical
Study of garden equipments. Study of Graphic language, Use of drawing equipments,
graphic symbols and notations in landscaping designing, Study and designing of different
styles of gardens, Study and designing of gardens based on different themes, Designing
gardens using Auto-cad/ archi-cad, Designing gardens for home, traffic islands, schools and
colleges, public buildings, factories, railway stations, air ports, temples, churches, play
grounds, corporate buildings/ malls. Designing and planting of avenues for state and National
highways, Design and establishment of Japanese, English and Mughal gardens. Visit to
public, institutional and botanical gardens.
Suggested Reading:

1. A.K. Tiwari and R. Kumar. 2012. Fundamentals of ornamental horticulture and

landscape
2. gardening. New India.
3. H.S.Grewal and Parminder Singh. 2014. Landscape designing and ornamental plants
4. R.K. Roy. Fundamentals of Garden designing.2013.New India publishing agency,
Pitampura, New Delhi.
5. Rajesh Srivastava. 2014. Fundamentals of Garden designing. Agrotech press, Jaipur,
New Delhi.
Arora, J.S. 2006. Kalyani publishers, Ludhiana. Introductory Ornamental Horticulture.
Kalyani publishers, Ludhiana.
6. Randhawa, G.S. and Amitabha Mukhopadhyay 2004. Floriculture in India. Allied
Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Commercial Floriculture FL-212 3 (2+1)
Theroy
Scope and importance of commercial floriculture in India, production techniques of
commercial flower crops like rose, marigold, chrysanthemum, orchid, carnation, gladiolus,
jasmine, crossandra, anthurium, dahlia, tuberose, bird of paradise, china aster and gerbera for
domestic and export market, production techniques of flowers and foliage filler materials
growing of flowers under protected environments such as glass house, plastic house etc.,
postharvest technology of cut flowers in respect of commercial flower crops, dehydration
technique for drying of flowers, production techniques for bulbous.
Practical
Identification of commercially important floricultural crops. Propagation practices in
chrysanthemum, sowing of seeds and raising of seedlings of annuals. Propagation by cutting,
layering, budding and grafting. Training and pruning of roses. Use of chemicals and other
compounds for prolonging the vase life of cut flowers. Drying and preservation of flowers.
Flower arrangement practices.
Suggested Reading:
1. A.K.Singh.2006.Flower crops, cultivation and management. New India publishing
agency, Pitampura, New Delhi.
2. T.K. Bose, L.P. Yadav, P. Patil, P. Das and V.A. Partha Sarthy.2003.Commercial
flowers. Partha Sankar Basu, Nayaudyog,206, Bidhan Sarani, Kolkata-700006
3. S.K. Bhattacharjee and L.C. De. 2003. Advanced Commercial Floriculture. Aavishkar
Publishers, Distributors, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India.
4. Dewasish Choudhary and Amal Mehta. 2010. Flower crops cultivation and
management.
5. Oxford book company Jaipur, India.
6. Randhawa, G.S. Amitabha Mukhopadhyay, 2004. Floriculture in India. Allied
Publishers Pvt.
7. Ltd:
8. Arora, J.S. 2006. Introductory Ornamental Horticulture. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana
- 141 008.
9. Prof. Bhattacharjee, S.K. Advanced Commercial Floriculture. Aavishkar Publishers
Distributors, Jaipur - 320 003
10. Prof. V.L. Sheela, 2008. Flower for trade. New India Publishing Agency, Pitampura,
New Delhi-110088
5. Medicinal and Aromatic Crops VCS-315 3(2+1)
Theroy
History, scope, opportunities and constraints in the cultivation and maintenance of
medicinal and aromatic plants in India. Importance, origin, distribution, area, production,
climatic and soil requirements, propagation and nursery techniques, planting and after care,
cultural practices, training and pruning, nutritional and water requirements. Plant protection,
harvesting and processing of under mentioned important medicinal and aromatic plants.
Study of chemical
composition of a few important medicinal and aromatic plants, extraction, use and economics
of drugs and essential oils in medicinal and aromatic plants. Therapeutic and pharmaceutical
uses of important species. Storage techniques of essential oils. Medicinal Plants: Withania,
periwinkle, Rauvolfia, Dioscorea, Isabgol, opium poppy Ammi majus, Belladonna, Cinchona,
Pyrethrum and other species relevant to local conditions. Aromatic Plants: Citronella grass,
khus grass, flag (baje), lavender, geranium, patchouli, bursera, menthe, musk, occimum and
other species relevant to the local conditions. Marketing.
Practical
Collection of medicinal and aromatic plants from their natural habitat and study their
morphological description, nursery techniques, harvesting, curing and processing techniques
and extraction of essential oils.
Suggested Reading:
1. Chadha, K.L. ICAR, 2001. Hand Book of Horticulture. Directorate of Information
and Publications of Agriculture, Pusa, New Delhi.
2. Azhar Ali Farooqui and Sreeramu, B.S. 2001. Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic
plants.United Press Limited.
3. Atal, E.K. and Kapur, B. 1982. Cultivation and Utilization of Medicinal and Aromatic
plants.
4. CSIR, New Delhi.
5. Kumar, N. J.B.M. Md. Abdul Khaddar, Ranga Swamy, P. and Irulappan, I. 1997.
Introduction to Spices, Plantation Crops Medicinal and Aromatic Plants.Oxford &
IBH, New Delhi.
6. Jain, S.K. 1968. Medicinal Plants .National Book Trust New Delhi. Oxford & IBH,
New Delhi. Dastur, J.F. 1982. Medicinal plants of India Pakistan Taraprevala soms
and co-private Ltd,Bombay.

V. PLANT PROTECTION
1. Fundamentals of Plant Pathology PPT-212(HO) 3(2+1)
Theroy
Introduction to the science of phytopathology, its objectives, scope and historical
background. Classification of plant diseases, symptoms, signs, and related terminology.
Parasitic causes of plant diseases (fungi, bacteria, viruses, phytoplasma, protozoa, algae and
flowering parasitic plants), their characteristics and classification. Non-parasitic causes of
plant diseases. Infection process. Survival and dispersal of plant pathogens. Plant disease
epidemiology, forecasting and disease assessment. Principles and methods of plant disease
management. Integrated plant disease management. Fungicides classification based on
chemical nature, Commonly used fungicides, bactericides and nematicides.
Practical
Familiarity with general plant pathological laboratory and field equipments. Study of
disease symptoms and signs and host parasite relationship. Identification and isolation of
plant pathogens. Koch’s postulates. Preparation of fungicidal solutions, slurries, pastes and
their applications.
Suggested Readings:
1. N.G. Ravichandra, 2013.Fundamentals of Plant Pathology. PHI Hall of
India, New Delhi
2. R.S. Mehrohtra, Ashok Agarwal. Fundamental of Plant Pathology-
3. Sambamurthy A textbook of Plant Pathology-
4. R.S.Singh Introduction to principles of plant pathology
5. Alexopoulos, C.J. Mims, C.W. and Blackwell, M. 1996. Introduction to Mycology
Wiley Eastern Ltd., New York.
6. Mandahar,C.L. 1987. Introduction to Plant Viruses. Chand and Co. Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi.
7. Mehrotra, R.S. and Aneja, K.R. 1990. . An Introduction to Mycology. New Age
International (P) Ltd., New Delhi.
8. Singh, R.S. 1982. Plant Pathogens - The Fungi. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New
Delhi. Singh, R.S. 1989. Plant Pathogens - The Prokaryotes .Oxford and IBH
Publishing Co., New Delhi.
9. Dhingra and Sinclair 1993. Basic Plant Pathology Methods. CBS, Publishers &
Distributors, New Delhi.
10. Agrios, G.N. 2006. Plant Pathology. Elsevier Academic press, London.
2. Diseases of Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops PPT-223 (HO)
3(2+1)
Theroy
Etiology, symptoms, mode of spread, epidemiology and integrated management of the
diseases of fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops viz mango, banana, grape, citrus,
guava, sapota, papaya, jack fruit, pineapple, pomegranate, ber, apple, pear, peach, plum,
almond, walnut, strawberry, areca nut, coconut, oil palm, coffee, tea, cocoa, cashew, rubber,
betel vine senna, neem, hemp, belladonna, pyrethrum, camphor, costus, crotalaria, datura,
dioscorea, mint, opium, Solanum khasianum and Tephrosia. Important post-harvest diseases
of fruit, plantation and medicinal and aromatic crops and their management.
Practical
Observations of disease symptoms, identification of casual organisms and host parasite
relationship of important diseases. Examination of scrapings and cultures of important
pathogens of fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops.
Suggested Reading:
1. L.R. Verma and R.C. Sharma. Diseases of horticultural Crops-, Indus Publishers
2. Srikant Kulkarni, Yashoda R. Hedge, Diseases of Plantation crops and their
management-Agrotech publication Academy.
3. S.L. Godara, BBS Kapoor, B.S. Rathore Disease management of spice crops-, Madhu
Publications.
4. Alfred Steferud Diseases of Plantation Crops-, Biotech books.
5. R.S.Singh, Plant diseases –Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.
6. L.Darwin Christdhar Henry and H. Lewin Devasahayam. Crop diseases:
Identification, Treatment and Management. An Illustrated Handbook, New India
publishing. Agency.
 7. Report of the ICAR Fifth Deans’ Committee

8. Anna L A colour atlas of Post Harvest Diseases and Disorders of fruits and
vegetables -. Snowdon, CRC Press.
9. Pathak, V.N. 1980.Diseases of Fruit Crops.Oxford IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
10. Ranga Swamy, G. 1988.Diseases of Crop Plants in India. Prentice Hall of India
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
11. Singh, R.S. 1996.Plant Diseases. Oxford IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
12. Saha, L.R. 2002.Hand Book of Plant Diseases. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
13. Arjunan, Karthikeyan, Dinakaran, Raghuchander, 1999.Diseases of Horticultural
Crops. Dept. of Plant Pathology, TNAU, Coimbatore
14. Chadha, K.L. 2002.Hand Book of Horticulture. ICAR, New Delhi.
15. Anna L.Snowdon A colour atlas of Post Harvest Diseases and Disorders of fruits
and vegetables. CRC Press, New Delhi.
16. L.R. Verma and R.C. Sharma. Diseases of horticultural Crops., Indus
Publishers,New Delhi.
17. Yashoda R. Hedge. Diseases of Plantation crops and their management .Srikant
Kulkarni, Agrotech publication Academy.
18. S.L. Godara, BBS Kapoor, B.S. Rathore.Disease management
of spice crops., Madhu Publications.
19. Ranga Swamy, G. 1988.Diseases of crop plants in India. Prentice Hall of India
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
20. R.S.Singh, Plant diseases. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.
21. L. Darwin Christdhar Henry and H. Lewin Devasahayam, An Illustrated
Handbook. New India publishing.Agency
3. Diseases of Vegetable, Ornamental and Spice Crops PPT-324(HO) 3(2+1)
Theroy
Etiology, symptoms, mode of spread, epidemiology and integrated management of
diseases of the following vegetables, ornamental and spice crops: tomato, brinjal, chilli,
bhindi, cabbage, cauliflower, radish, knol-khol, pea, beans, beet root, onion, garlic,
fenugreek, ginger, potato, turmeric, pepper, cumin, cardamom, nutmeg, coriander, clove,
cinnamon, jasmine, rose, crossandra, tuberose, gerebera, anthurium, geranium. Important
post-harvest diseases of vegetables and ornamental crops and their management.
Practical
Observations of symptoms, causal organisms and host parasitic relationship of
important diseases, examination of cultures of important pathogens of vegetables,
ornamental and spice crops in field as well as in protected cultivation.
Suggested Reading:
1. Srikant Kulkarni, Yashoda R. Hedge. Diseases of Plantation crops and their
management-, Agrotech publication Academy
2. S.L. Godara, BBS Kapoor, B.S. Rathore. Disease management of spice crops-,
Madhu Publications
 3. L.Darwin Christdhar Henry and H.Lewin Devasahayam Crop diseases:
Identification, Treatment and Management. An Illustrated Handbook –, New India
publishing Agency
4. Singh, R.S. 1994.Diseases of Vegetable Crops. Oxford IBH Publishing Co. Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi
5. Singh, R.S 1996.Plant Diseases. Oxford IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi
6. Sohi, H.S. 1992. Diseases of Ornamental plants in India. ICAR, New Delhi
7. Ranga Swamy, G. 1988. Diseases of Crop Plants in India.Prentice Hall of India
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
8. Saha, L.R. 2002. Hand Book of Plant Diseases. Kalyani Publishers
9. Arjunan, G. Karthikeyan, G. Dinakaran, D. Raguchander, T. 1999. Diseases of
Horticultural Crops. .Dept. of Plant Pathology,Tamilnadu Agricultural University
Coimbatore.
4. Nematode Pests of Horticultural Crops and their Management
NEM-211(HO) 2 (1+1)
Theroy
History and development of nematology - definition, economic importance. General
characters of plant parasitic nematodes, their morphology, taxonomy, classification,
biology, symptomatology and control of important plant parasitic nematodes of fruits –
(tropical, sub-tropical and temperate) vegetables, tuber, ornamental, spice and plantation
crops. Role of nematodes in plant disease complex. Integrated nematode management.
Practical
Methods of sampling and extraction of nematodes from soil and plant parts, killing,
fixing and preparation of temporary and permanent nematode mounts. Nematicides and
their use. Collection and preservation of 20 plant species/parts damaged by plant parasitic
nematodes.
Suggested Reading:
1. Upadhyay, K.D and Dwivedi, K. 1997. A text book of plant nematology. Amman
Publishing House Aman publishing house, Meerut
2. Vasanth Raju David, B. 2001. Elements of economic entomology. Popular book
Depot, Chennai.
3. Gopal Swaroop and Das Gupta 1986.ICAR, New Delhi. Plant Parasitic Nematodes
of India Problems and Progress.
4. Nair, M.R.G.K. 1975. Insects and Mites of Crops in India. ICAR, New Delhi
5. Metcalf, R.L and Luckman, W.H. 1982. Introduction to Insect pest management
Wiley Inter Science Publishing, New York.
6. Butani, D.K. 1984. Insects and Fruits. Periodical Expert Book Agency, New Delhi
7. E.I.Jonathan, I. Cannayane, K. Devrajan, S. Kumar, S. Ramakrishan, Agricultural
Nematology.TNAU, Coimbatore.
 5. Fundamentals of Entomology ENT-211(HO) 3(2+1)
Theroy
Introduction to phylum arthropoda. Importance of class Insecta. Insect dominance.
History of entomology in India, Importance of entomology in different fields. Definition,
division and scope of entomology. Comparative account of external morphonology-types
of mouth parts, antennae, legs, wings and genetalia. Structure, function of cuticle &
moulting and body segmentation, Anatomy of digestive, Circulatory, Sensory,
respiratory, glandular, excretory, nervous and reproductive systems. Types of
reproduction. Postembryonic development-eclosion. Matamorphosis. Types of egg larvae
and pupa. Classification of insects upto orders, sub-order and families of economic
importance and their distinguished characters. Plant mites – morphological features,
important families with
examples.

Practical
Insect collection and preservation. Identification of important insects. General body
organization of insects. Study on morphology of grasshopper or cockroach. Preparation
of permanent mounts of mouth parts, antennae, legs and wings. Dissection of grasshopper
and caterpillar for study of internal morphology. Observations on metamorphosis of
larvae and pupae.
Dissection of cockroaches.

Suggested Reading:
1. Awasthi, V.B. 1997. Introduction to general and applied entomology. Scientific
Publishers, Jodhpur, 379 p.
2. Borror, D.J., C.A. Triple Horn and N.F.Johnson. 1987. An introduction to the
study of insects (VI Edition). Harcourt Brace College Publishers, New York,
875p.
3. Chapman, R.F. 1981. The Insects: Structure and function. Edward Arnold
(Publishers) Ltd, London, 919p.
4. Gullan, P.J. and Cranston, P.S. 2001. The insects- An outline of entomology, II
edition, Chapman & Hall, Madras, 491p.
5. Mani, M.S. 1968. General entomology. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt Ltd.,
New Delhi, 912p.
6. Nayar, K.K., T.N.Ananthakrishnan and B.V. David. 1976. General and applied
entomology, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 589p.
7. Richards, O.W. and R.G. Davies. 1977. Imm’s general text book of entomology,
Vol.1&2, Chapman and Hall Publication, London, 1345p.
8. Romoser, W.S. 1988. The Science of Entomology, McMillan, New York, 449p.
9. Saxena, S.C. 1992. Biology of insects. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi, 366p.
10. Srivastava, P.D. and R.P.Singh. 1997. An introduction to entomology, Concept
Publishing Company, New Delhi, 269p.
11. Tembhare, D.B. 1997. Modern Entomology. Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai,
623p.
 12. Pedigo, L.P. 1999. Entomology and pest management. III Edition. Prentice Hall,
New Jersey, USA, 691p.
13. H. Lewin and Devasahayam. Practical manual of entomology insect and non-insect
pests.
14. Pant, N.C. and Ghai, S. 1981Insect physiology and anatomy, ICAR, New Delhi .
15. Snodgrass, R.E. 2001.Principles of Insect Morphology.CBS Publishers and
Distributors, New Delhi
16. James, L, Nation. CRC Press, Insect Physiology and Biochemistry.Washingtonpo
the ICAR Fifth Deans’ Committee
5. Insect Pests of Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops
ENT-222 (HO) 3(2+1)
Theroy
General – economic classification of insects; Bio-ecology and insect-pest
management with reference to fruit, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops; pest
surveillance. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of
important insect pests affecting tropical, sub-tropical and temperate fruits, plantation,
medicinal and aromatic crops like coconut, areca nut, oil palm, cashew, cacao, tea,
coffee, cinchona, rubber, betel vine senna, neem, belladonna, pyrethrum, costus,
crotalaria, datura, dioscorea, mint, opium, Solanum khasianum and. Storage insects –
distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of important insect
pests attacking stored fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops and their processed
products. Insecticide residue problems in fruit, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops
and
their maximum residue limits (MRLs).

Practical
Study of symptoms of damage, collection, identification, preservation, assessment of
damage and population of important insect – pests affecting fruits, plantation, medicinal
and aromatic crops in field and storage.
Suggested Reading:
1. Reddy, P. P., 2010, Plant Protection in Horticulture Vol. 1, 2 & 3, Scientific
Publishers, Jodhpur.
2. Ranjit, P., 2012, Entomological Techniques in Horticultural Crops, New India
Publishing Agency.
3. Nair M R G K, 1995, Insect and Mites of Crops in India, ICAR, New Delhi.
4. Ayyar, T.V.R. 1963. Hand book of entomology for south India. Govt. press
Madras, 516p.
5. David B V and Kumarswami, T, 1982. Elements of Economic Entomology.
Popular Book Department, Madras, 536p.
6. David.V.Alford. Pest of fruit crops. A.M.Ranjith. Identification and management
of Horticultural pest.
7. Rachna and Benna kumari. Pest management and residual analysis in
horticultural cropK. P. Srivastav and Y. S. Ahawat. Pest management in
citrus
8. Ramnivas Sharma. Identification and management of horticulture pest.
9. Fryer. Insect pest of fruit crops
 10. Metcalf, R. Land Luckman, W.H. 1982. Introduction to Insect pest management.
WileyInterScience Publishing,NewYork
11. Butani,D.K.1984. Insectsand Fruits. Periodical Expert Book Agency, New Delhi

7. Apiculture, Sericulture and Lac Culture ENT-324 (HO) 2(1+1)

Theroy
Introduction to beneficial insects. Importance and History of apiculture. Species of
honey bees, Rock bee, Little bee, Indian bee, European bee, Italian bee and Dammar bee,
lifecycle and caste determination. Bee colony maintenance, bee colony activities, starting
of new colony, location site, transferring colony, replacement of queen, combining
colonies, swarm prevention, colony management in different seasons, Equipment for
apiary, types of bee hives and their description. Bee pasturage. Honey extraction, honey
composition and value, bee wax and tissues.. Importance, History and development in
India, silkworms kinds and their hosts, systematic position, distribution, lifecycles in
brief, Silk glands. Mulberry silkworm-morphological features, races, rearing house and
equipments, disinfection and hygiene. Grainage acid treatment, packing and
transportation of eggs, Incubation, black boxing, hatching of eggs. Silkworm rearing
young age /chawki rearing and old age rearing of silkworms. Feeding, spacing,
environmental conditions and sanitation. Cocoon characters colour, shape, hardiness and
shell ratio. Defective cocoons and stifling of cocoons. Uses of silk and by-products.
Economics of silk production. Moriculture-Mulberry varieties, package of practices,
Pests and diseases and their management. Lac growing areas in India, Lac insects,
biology, behaviour, lac cultivation, food plants, pruning, inoculation, cropping, kinds of
lac. Enemies of lac-insects.
Practical
Honey bee colony, different bee hives and apiculture equipment. Summer and Winter
management of colony. Honey extraction and bottling. Study of pests and diseases of
honeybees. Establishment of mulberry garden. Preparation of mulberry cuttings, planting
methods under irrigated and rainfed conditions. Maintenance of mulberry garden-
pruning, fertilization, irrigation and leaf harvest. Mulberry pests and diseases and their
management and nutritional disorders. Study of different kinds of silkworms and
mulberry silkworm morphology, silk glands. Sericulture equipments for silkworm
rearing. Mulberry silkworm rearing room requirements. Rearing of silkworms-chalky
rearing. Rearing of silkworms late age silkworm rearing and study of mountages. Study
of silkworm pests and their management. Study of silkworm diseases and its
management. Lac insects-biology, behaviour, lac cultivation, food plants, pruning,
inoculation, cropping, kinds of lac. Enemies of lac insects.
Suggested Reading:
1. Singh, S., 1975. Bee keeping in India – ICAR, New Delhi., 214p.
 2. Sunita, N.D, Guled ,M.B, Mulla S.R and Jagginavar,2003, Beekeeping, UAS
Dharwad
3. Mishra, R.C. and Rajesh Gar. 2002. Prospective in Indian Apiculture. Agrobios,
Jodhpur.
4. Singh, D and Singh, D.P. 2006. A hand book of Beekeeping, Agrobios (India).
5. Paul DeBach and Devid Rosen 1991. Biological control by natural enemies.
Cambridge University Press; 2 edition (27 June 1991)
6. YA Shinde and BR Patel. Sericulture in India
7. Tribhuwan Singh. Principles and Techniques of Silkworm Seed Production,
Discovery publishing House Pvt. Ltd
8. M.L. Narasaiah. Problems and Prospects of Sericulture. discovery publishing
House Pvt. Ltd. Ganga,G. and Sulochana Chetty, J. 1997. An introduction to
Sericulture (2nd Edn.). Oxford & IBH publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
9. Krishnaswamy, S. (Ed). 1978. Sericulture Manual - Silkworm Rearing. FAO Agrl.
Servicesbulletin, Rome.
10. Singh, S. 1975. Bee keeping in India. ICAR, New Delhi.
11. Glover, P.M. 1937. Lac cultivation in India. Indian Lac Research Institute, Ranchi.
12. Jolly, M.S. 1987. “Appropriate sericulture techniques” International centre for
training and Re searchinTropicalSericulture,Mysore,209.
13. K.P.Srivastava .A Text Book on Applied Entomology Vol. I&II. , Kalyani
Publishers, Ludhiyana
14. B.R. David and V.V.Ramamurthy. Elements of Economic Entomology,
7thEdition. Namrutha Publications, Chennai
8. Insect Pests of Vegetable, Ornamental and Spice Crops ENT-313 (HO)
3(2+1)
Theroy
Economic importance of insects in vegetable, ornamental and spice crops -ecology
and pest management with reference to these crops. Pest surveillance in important
vegetable, ornamental and spice crops. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury,
integrated management of important insect-pests affecting vegetable, ornamental and
spice crops. Important storage insect-pests of vegetable, ornamental and spice crops, their
host range, bio-ecology, injury and integrated management. Insect –pests of processed
vegetables and ornamental crops, their host range, bio-ecology, injury and integrated
management. Insecticidal residue problems in vegetables and ornamental crops, tolerance
limits etc.
Practical
Study of symptoms, damage, collection, identification, preservation, assessment of
damage/ population of important insect-pests affecting vegetable, ornamental and spice
crops in field and during storage.
Suggested reading:
1. Reddy, P. P., 2010, Plant Protection in Horticulture Vol. 1, 2 & 3, Scientific
Publishers, JodhpurRanjit, P., 2012, Entomological Techniques in Horticultural
Crops, New India Publishing Agency.
2. Nair M R G K, 1995, Insect and Mites of Crops in India, ICAR, New Delhi.
3. Ayyar, T.V.R. 1963. Hand book of entomology for south India. Govt. press
Madras, 516p.
 4. David B V and Kumarswami, T, 1982. Elements of Economic Entomology.
Popular Book Department, Madras, 536p.
5. P. Srivastava, Dhamo K. Butani Pest management in vegetables – Part1. Researcho
Book Centre, 1998
6. K.P. Srivastava, Dhamo K. Butani Pest management in vegetables – Part-2.
Researcho Book Centre, 1998
7. Rachna and Benna kumari. Pest management and residual analysis in
horticultural crop Ramnivas sharma. Identification and management of
8. horticulture
9. T.
Butani,
Delhi D.K.pest
V. Sathe. Pests of ornamental
1984.Insects plants.
and Fruits. Periodical Expert Book Agency, New

VI. NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

1. Fundamentals of Soil Science AC-111 (HO) 2(1+1)
Theroy
Composition of earth’s crust, soil as a natural body – major components. Eluviations
and alleviations formation of various soils. Physical parameters; texture – definition,
methods of textural analysis, stock’s law, assumption, limitations, textural classes, use of
textural triangle; absolute specific gravity/particle density, definition, apparent specific
gravity/bulk density – factors influencing, field bulk density. Relation between BD (bulk
density), AD – practical problems. Pore space – definition, factors affecting capillary and
non-capillary porosity, soil colour – definition, its significance, colour variable, value hue
and chroma. Munsellcolour chart, factors influencing, parent material, soil moisture,
organic matter, soil structure, definition, classification, clay prism like structure, factors
influencing genesis of soil structure, soil consistency, plasticity, Atterberg’s constants.
Soil air, air capacity, composition, factors influencing, amount of air space, soil air
renewal, soil temperature, sources and distribution of heat, factors influencing,
measurement, chemical properties, soil colloids, organic, humus, inorganic, secondary
silicate, clay, hydrous oxides. Ion exchange, cation-anion importance, soil water, forms,
hygroscopic, capillary and gravitational, soil moisture constants, hygroscopic coefficient,
wilting point, field capacity, moisture equivalent, maximum water holding capacity,
energy concepts, PF scale, measurement, gravimetric – electric and tensiometer methods
– pressure plate and pressure membrane apparatus – Neutron probe – soil water
movement – classification – aerial photography – satellite of soil features – their
interpretation; soil orders; land capability classification; soil of different eco-systems and
their properties, Rock & Minerals classification, Pedogenic process. Objectives of soil
science research institute in India (NBSS&LUP, ISSS, LTFE & NSSTL). Management of
Soil Crusting, Soil Compaction and Soil Compression. Soil Biology benefits and harmful
effects. Methods and objective of soil survey, Remote sensing application in soil and
plant Studies, Soil degradation.
Practical
Collection and preparation of soil samples, estimation of moisture, EC, pH and bulk
density. Textural analysis of soil by Robinson’s pipette method. Description of soil
profile in the field. Quantification of minerals and their abundance. Determination of Soil
colour using Munsell Chart. Estimation of water holding capacity and hydraulic
conductivity of soils. Estimation of Infiltration rate using double ring infiltrometer
method. Estimation of soil moisture usingogypsum block and neutron probe method. Soil
compaction measurement with Pentrometer. Determination of pore space of soil.
Determination of filed capacity and permanent wilting point of soil. Determination of soil
water potential characteristic curves by tensiometer and pressure plate apparatus.
Aggregate size distribution analysis of soil. Air capacity of soil by field method.
Suggested Reading:
1. Brady Nyle C and Ray R Well, 2014. Nature and properties of soils. Pearson
Education Inc., New Delhi.
2. Indian Society of Soil Science, 2002. Fundamentals of Soil Science. IARI, New
Delhi.
3. Sehgal J. A., 2005. Textbook of Pedology Concepts and Applications. Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi.
4. Dilip Kumar Das, 2015. Introductory Soil Science. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
5. Biswas, T.D. and Mukharjee, S.K., 2015. Text Book of Soil science. Tata Mc Graw
Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
6. Brady, N.C., 1995. The Nature and properties of Soils. Macmillan Publishing Co,
New York.
7. Ghildyal, B.P. and Tripathi, R.P., 1987. Soil Physics. Acad. Press. New York.
8. Kolay, A.K., 1983. Basic concepts of Soil Science. Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi
9. Brady, N. C. and Weil, R. R., 2010. Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soils
(3rd Edition), Pearson Education, New Delhi.
10. Foth, H.D., 1991. Fundamentals of Soil Science (8th Edition), John Wiley & Sons,
New Delhi. Das, D .K., 2011.Introductory Soil Science(3rdEdition), Kalyani
publisher, Ludhiana (India). Khan, T. O. 2013 Forest Soils:Properties and
Management. Springer International Publishing,Switzerland
11. Pritchett and Fisher RF, 1987. Properties and Management of Forest Soils. John
Wiley, New York.
12. Gupta, P.K. 2009. Soil, Plant, Water and Fertilizer Analysis (2nd Edition),
AGROBIOS, Jodhpur (India).
13. Jaiswal, P.C. 2006. Soil, Plant and Water Analysis (2nd Edition), Kalyani
Publishers, Ludhiana. Jackson, M. L. 2012. Soil Chemical Analysis: Advanced
Course, Scientific Publisher
2. Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management AC-123 (HO) 2 (1+1)
Theroy
Introduction to soil fertility and productivity- factors affecting. Essential plant
nutrient elements- functions, deficiency systems, transformations and availability. Acid,
calcareous and salt affected soils – characteristics and management. Soil organic matter,
Role of microorganisms in organic matter- decomposition – humus formation.
Importance of C:N ratio and pH in plant nutrition, soil buffering capacity. Integrated
plant nutrient management. Soil fertility evaluation methods, critical limits of plant
nutrient elements and hunger signs. NPK fertilizers: composition and application
methodology, luxury consumption, nutrient interactions, deficiency symptoms, visual
diagnosis. Plant nutrient toxicity symptoms and remedies measures. Soil test crop
response and targeted yield concept. Biofertilizer. Nutrient use efficiency and
management. Secondary and micronutrient fertilizer. Fertilizer control order. Manures
and fertilizers classification and manufacturing process. Properties and fate of major and
 micronutrient in soils. Fertilizer use efficiency and management. Effect of potential toxic
elements in soil productivity.
Practical
Analysis of soil for organic matter, available N,P,K and Micronutrients and
interpretations. Gypsum requirement of saline and alkali soils. Lime requirement of acid
soils. Estimation of organic carbon content in soil. Determination of Boron and chlorine
content In soil. Determination of Calcium, Magnesium and Sulphur in soil. Sampling of
organic manure and fertilizer for chemical analysis. Physical properties of organic
manure and fertilizers. Total nitrogen in urea and farmyard manure. Estimation of
ammonical nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in ammonical fertilizer. Estimation of water
soluble P2O5, Ca and S in SSP, Lime and Gypsum. Estimation of Potassium in MOP/SOP
and Zinc in zinc sulphate. Visiting of fertilizer testing laboratory.
Suggested Reading:
1. Yawalkar K S, Agarwal JP and Bokde S, 1992. Manures and Fertilizers. Agri.
Horticultural Publishing House, Nagpur.
2. Tandon HLS, 1994. Fertilizers Guide. Fertilizers Development Consultation
Organization, New Delhi..
3. Seetharaman S, Biswas B C, Yadav D S and Matheswaru S. Usage 1996. Hand
Bookon Fertilizers.
4. Oxford and IBH Publishing Company, New Delhi.
5. The fertilizer Association of India, Shaheed Jit singh marg, New Delhi, 1985.
Fertilizer control order
6. Ranjan Kumar Basak , 2000. Fertilizers A Text book. Kalyani publishers, New
Delhi.
7. British Crop Production Council, U.K., 1995. The Pesticide Manual, A – World
CompendiumSree Ramulu US, 1991.Chemistry of Insecticides. Oxford and
IBH Publishing and Fungicides Company, New Delhi.
8. Nene Y L and Thapliyal P N, 1991. Fungicides in plant disease control. Oxford
and IBH Publishing company, New Delhi.
9. Havlin et al. 2014. Soil Fertility and Fertilizers: An Introduction to Nutrient
Management (8th Edition), PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., Delhi.
10. Binkley, D. and R. Fisher, 2012. Ecology and Management of Forest Soils (4th
Edition), John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pvt. Ltd., Singapore.
11. Reddy M. V., 2001. Management of Tropical Plantation Forests and Their Soil
Litter System-Litter, Biota and Soil Nutrient Dynamics, Science Publishers, U. S.
12. Khan, T. O., 2013. Forest Soils: Properties and Management. Springer
International Publishing, Switzerland
13. Brady, N. C. and Weil, R. R., 2010. Elements of the Nature and Properties of
Soils (3rd Edition.), Pearson Education, New Delhi
14. Das, D .K., 2011. Introductory Soil Science (3rdEdition), Kalyani Publisher,
Ludhiana (India Indian Society of Soil Science, 2002.Fundamentals of Soil
Science. Indian Society of SoilScience, IARI, New Delhi.
15. Pritchett and Fisher RF, 1987. Properties and Management of Forest Soils. John
Wiley, New York.
3. Environmental Studies and Disaster Management ES-121 (HO) 3(2+1)
Theroy
Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies Definition, scope and importance.
Natural Resources: Renewable and non-renewable resources. Natural resources and
associated problems. a) Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case
studies. Timber extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forest and tribal people. b)
Water resources: Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods, drought,
conflicts over water, dams-benefits and problems. c) Mineral resources: Use and
exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case
studies. d) Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and
overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging,
salinity, case studies. e) Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non-
renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources. Case studies. f) Land
resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and
desertification. Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources. Equitable use
of resources for sustainable lifestyles. Ecosystems, Concept of an ecosystem. Structure
and function of an ecosystem. Producers, consumers and decomposers. Energy flow in
the ecosystem. Ecological succession. Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids.
Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following
ecosystem:- a. Forest ecosystem, b. Grassland ecosystem, c. Desert ecosystem d. Aquatic
ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries). Biodiversity and its
conservation:-Introduction, definition, genetic, species & ecosystem diversity and
biogeographical classification of India. Value of biodiversity - consumptive use,
productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values. Biodiversity at global,
National and local levels, India as a mega-diversity nation. Hot-spots of biodiversity.
Threats to biodiversity - habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts.
Endangered and endemic species of India. Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-
situ conservation of biodiversity. Environmental Pollution: definition, cause, effects and
control measures of - Air, Water, Soil, Marine, Noise and Thermal pollution and Nuclear
hazards. Solid Waste Management: causes, effects and control measures of urban and
industrial wastes. Role of an individual in prevention of pollution. Social Issues and the
Environment: From Unsustainable to Sustainable development, Urban problems related
to energy, Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management,
Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions, climate change, global warming,
acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust dies. Wasteland
reclamation, Consumerism and waste products, Environment Protection Act, Air, Water,
Wildlife and Forest Conservation Acts, Issues involved in enforcement of environmental
legislation and Public awareness. Human Population and the Environment: population
growth, variation among nations, population explosion, Family Welfare Programme.
Environment and human health: Human Rights, Value Education, HIV/AIDS. Women
and Child Welfare. Role of Information Technology in Environment and human health.
Field work: Visit to a local area to document environmental assets
 river/forest/grassland/hill/mountain, visit to a local polluted site-
Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural, study of common plants, insects, birds and study of
simple ecosystems-pond, river, hill slopes, etc. Natural Disasters- Meaning and nature of
natural disasters, their types and effects. Floods, drought, cyclone, earthquakes,
landslides, avalanches, volcanic eruptions, Heat and cold waves, Climatic change: global
warming, Sea level rise, ozone depletion. Man Made Disasters- Nuclear disasters,
chemical disasters, biological disasters, building fire, coal fire, forest fire, oil fire, air
pollution, water pollution, deforestation, industrial waste water pollution, road accidents,
rail accidents, air accidents, sea accidents. Disaster Management-Effect to migrate natural
disaster at national and global levels. International strategy for disaster reduction.
Concept of disaster management, national disaster management framework; financial
arrangements; role of NGOs, community –based organizations and media. Central, state,
district and local administration; Armed forces in disaster response; Disaster response;
Police and other organizations.

Practical
Visit to local areas - river/forest/ grassland/catchment etc. to document components
of ecosystem. Study of common plants, insects, birds and animals. Visit to industries to
study pollution abatement techniques and case studies - solid waste management, Human
population and the Environment.

Suggested Reading:
1. Nandini, N. Suneetha and Sucharitha Tandon. Environmental Studies.
2. Aswathanarayana, U. 1999. Soil resources and the environment. Oxford and IBH
publishing Co., New Delhi. P. 173-195.
3. D. Misra. Fundamental Concepts in Environmental Studies.Diwan, P. and P.
Diwan. 1998. Environmental Management Law and Administration. Variety Books
International, New Delhi.
4. Krishnamurthy. An Advanced Textbook on Biodiversity.
5. S. Deshwal A. Deshwal. A Basic Course in Environmental Science.
6. Erach Bharucha 2005.Textbook of environmental studies for under graduate
courses.UGC, University press, Hyderabad.
7. Manohara Chary and Jayaram Reddy 2004.Principles of Environmental studies BB
publishers, Hyderabad.
8. William, P. Cunning Ham and Mary Ann. Inquiry and applications Cunningham
2005. Principles of Environmental science. Tata MCG raw-hill publishing
company limited, New Delhi.
9. Gupta, P.K. 2004 Methods in environmental analysis-water, soil and Air. Agro
Bios (India).Jodhpur.
10. Spencer R. Weart. The discovery of global warming.
11. Daniel B. Botkin, Edward A. Keller. Environmental Science.
12. Richard T. Wright and Bernard J. Nebel Environmental science: toward a
sustainable agriculture.
13. Linfield C.Brown. Pollution prevention and control.
4. Soil, Water and Plant Analysis AC-224 (HO) 2(1+1)
Theroy
Methods of soil and plant sampling and processing for analysis. Characterization of
hydraulic mobility – diffusion and mass flow. Renewal of gases in soil and their
abundance. Methods of estimation of oxygen diffusion rate and redox potential. Use of
radio tracer techniques in soil fertility evaluation. Soil micro-organisms and their
importance. Saline, alkali, acid, waterlogged and sandy soils, their appraisal and
management. Chemical and mineral composition of horticultural crops. Leaf analysis
standards, index tissue, interpretation of leaf analysis values Quality of irrigation water.
Radio tracer technology application in plant nutrient studies. Rapid tissue tests for soil
and plant. Management of poor quality irrigation water in crop management. Soil and
Water pollution.
Practical
Introduction to analytical chemistry, Collection and preparation of soil, water and
plant samples for analysis. Determination of pH, electrical conductivity, sodium
adsorption ratio and exchangeable sodium percentage of soils. Estimation of available
macro and micronutrient elements in soils and their contents in plants. Irrigation water
quality analysis. Determination of pH and EC in irrigation water samples, Determination
of Carbonates and bicarbonates in soil and irrigation water, Determination of Calcium
and Magnesium in soil and irrigation water. Determination of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Sand
micronutrients in plant samples. Determination of Sodium, Potassium, Chlorine and
Boron in irrigation water.
Suggested Reading:
1. H.L.S. Tandon. 2013, Methods of analysis of soil, plant, water and fertilizers.
FDCO, New Delhi.
2. Yawalkar,K.S.Agarwal,J.P.andBokde,S.,1977. ManuresandFertilizers. Agri-
HorticulturalPublish ingHouse,Nagpur.
3. Sehgal J. A., 2005. Textbook of Pedology Concepts and Applications. Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi.
4. Jaiswal, P.C., 2006. Soil, Plant and Water Analysis (2nd Edition), Kalyani
Publishers, Ludhiana.
5. Jackson M. L, 1967. Soil Chemical Analysis, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New
Delhi.
6. Richards L A, 1968. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkaline Soils.
Oxford and IBH publishing Co. New Delhi(USDA Hand Book No. 60)
7. Chopra S.C. and Kanwar, J. S 1976. Analytical Agricultural Chemistry, Kalyani
Publishers, Ludhiana.
8. C. S. Piper. 2014, Soil and plant analysis, Scientific publishers India.
9. company, Udaipur.
10. M. V. Durai., 2014, Hand book of Soil, plant, water, fertilizers and manure
analysis. New India Publishing Agency.
5. Farm Power and Machinery FMP-221 (HO) 2(1+1)
Theroy
Basic concepts of various forms of energy, unit and dimensions of force energy and
power, calculations with realistic examples. IC Engines: Basic principles of operation of
compression, ignition and spark ignition engines, two stroke and four stroke engines,
cooling and lubrication system, power transmission system, broad understanding of
performance and efficiency, tractors, power tillers and their types and uses. Electric
motors: types, construction and performance comparison. Tillage: objectives, method of
ploughing. Primary tillage implements: construction and function of indigenous ploughs,
improved indigenous ploughs, mould board ploughs, disc and rotary ploughs. Secondary
tillage implements: construction and function of tillers, harrows, levelers, ridgers and
bund formers. Sowing and transplanting equipment: seed drills, potato planters, seedling
transplanter. Grafting, pruning and training tools and equipment. Inter-culture equipment:
sweep. Junior hoe, weeders, long handle
weeders. Crop harvesting equipments: potato diggers, fruit pluckers, tapioca puller
and hoists.
Practical
Calculation on force, power and energy. IC engines – showing the components of
dismantled engines and motors. Primary and secondary tillage implements, hitching,
adjustments and operations. Spraying equipment, calibration and operation. Plant
protection equipment, calculation of dilution ratio and operation.
Suggested Reading:
1. T. P. Ojha and A.M.Michael. 2005. Principles of Agricultural Engineering
(Volume - 1), Jain Brothers
2. Manoj Kumar Ghoshal and Dhirendra Kumar Das. 2008. Farm Power,Kalyani
Publishers.

3. Roth/Field. 1992. Introduction to Agricultural Engineering - Problem Solving

Approaches, 2nd.
4. Edition. CBS publishers & distributors Pvt. Ltd.
5. Surendra Singh & Verma. 2009. Farm Machinery Maintenance & Management.
ICAR Publication.
6. M.M. Pandey & Others. 2012.Handbook of Agricultural Engineering.
ICAR publication
7. Jagadishwar Sahay.1992.Elementsof Agricultural Engineering.
AgroBookAgency,Patna.
8. Michal AM and Ojha TP.1993.VolI. Principles of Agricultural Engineering.Jain
Brothers,New Delhi.
9. Kepner RARoy Bainerand Barger BL.1978. Principles of Farm Machinery. CBS
Publisherand Distributors, Delhi.
10. JainS C. 2003.Farm Machinery-Anapproach.Standard Publishers and
Distributors, New Delhi Nakra, C.P.1986.Farm Machinery and Equipment.
Dhanpat Raiand Sons, New Delhi
 11. Klenin, N.I.Popov, I.F.and Sakun,V.A.1985. Agricultural Machines. Amerind
publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
6. Water Management in Horticultural Crops AG-212 (HO) 2(1+1)
Theroy
Importance of water, water resources in India. Area of different crops under
irrigation, function of water for plant growth, effect of moisture stress on crop growth.
Available and unavailable soil moisture – distribution of soil moisture – water budgeting
– rooting characteristics – moisture extraction pattern. Water requirement of horticultural
crops – lysimeter studies – Plant water potential climatological approach – use of pan
evaporimeter – factor for crop growth stages
– critical stages of crop growth for irrigation. Irrigation scheduling – different approaches
– methods of irrigation – surface and sub-surface pressurized methods viz., sprinkler and
drip irrigation, their suitability, merits and limitations, fertigation, economic use of
irrigation water. Water management problem, soils quality of irrigation water, irrigation
management practices for different soils and crops. Layout of different irrigation systems,
drip, sprinkler. Layout of underground pipeline system.

Practical
Measurements of irrigation water by using water measuring devices, use of common
formula in irrigation practices, practicing of land leveling and land shaping implements,
layout for different methods of irrigation. Estimation of soil moisture constants and soil
moisture by using different, methods and instruments, scheduling of irrigation, different
approaches, practicing use of instruments, estimation of irrigation efficiency and water
requirements of horticultural crops, irrigation planning and scheduling, soil moisture
conservation practices.
Suggested Reading:
1. Rao, Y.P. and Bhaskar, S.R. 2008. Irrigation Technology. Theory and practice.
Agrotech publishing Academy, Udaipur.

2. Dilip Kumar Mujmdar. 2004. Irrigation Water Management: Principles and

Practices. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.,
3. S.V. Patil & Rajakumar, G. R., 2016. Water Management in Agriculture and
Horticultural Crops.
4. Satish serial publishing House, Delhi.
5. Carr M. K. V. and Elias Fereres. 2012. Advances in Irrigation Agronomy.
Cambridge University Press.
6. Michael, A.M. 2015. Irrigation Theory and Practices. Vikas publishing house Pvt.,
Ltd.
7. Organic Farming 3(2+1) AG-324 (HO) 3(2+1)
Theroy
Introduction, concept, relevance in present context; Organic production requirements;
Biological intensive nutrient management-organic manures, vermicomposting, green
manuring, recycling of organic residues, biofertilizers; Soil improvement and
amendments; Integrated diseases and pest management – use of biocontrol agents,
biopesticides pheromones, trap crops, bird perches; Weed management; Quality
considerations, certification, labeling and accreditation processors, marketing, exports.

Practical
Raising of vegetable crops organically through nutrient, diseases and pest
management; vermicomposting; vegetable and ornamental nursery raising; macro quality
analysis, grading, packaging, postharvest management.
Suggested Reading:
1. A.K.Dahama. 2007. Organic farming for sustainable agriculture. Agrobios (India),
Jodhpur.
2. Arun. K. Sharma. 2011. Handbook of Organic farming. Agrobios (India), Jodhpur.
3. S.P. Palaniappan and K.Annadurai. 2010. Organic farming – Theory and
Practice. Scientific Publishers. Jodhpur.
4. U.Thapa and P. Tripathy. 2006. Organic farming in India- Problems and
Prospects. Agrotech publishing agency, Udaipur.
5. G.K.Veeresh. 2006. Organic farming. Foundation Books. New Delhi.
6. Purshit, S.S. 2006. Trendsin Organic Farmingin India. Agros Bios (INDIA),
Jodhpur.
7. Thampan, P. K. 1995. Organic Agriculture. Peckay tree Crops Development
Foundation, Cochin, Kerala.
8. Sathe, T.V.2004. Vermiculture and Organic Farming. Days Publishing House,
New Delhi.
8. Agro-meteorology and Climate Change AM-211 (HO) 2 (1+1)
Theroy
Agricultural Meteorology- Introduction, definition of meteorology, scope and
practical utility of Agricultural meteorology. Composition and structure of atmosphere
and definition of weather and climate, aspects involved in weather and climate,
atmospheric temperature, soil temperature, solar radiation, atmospheric pressure,
atmospheric humidity, evaporation and transpiration, monsoons, rainfall, clouds, drought,
weather disasters and their management atmospheric pollution and roleoof meteorology.
Basics of weather forecasting. Climate change-causes. Global warming-causes and
remote sensing. Effect of climate change on horticulture Past and future changes in
greenhouse gases within the atmosphere. Sources and sinks for greenhouse gases.
Atmospheric chemistry. Plants sense and respond to changes in CO2 concentration.
Measurement of short-term effects and mechanisms underlying the observed responses in
C3 and C4 species. plant development affected by growth in elevated CO2. Physiology of
rising CO2 on nitrogen use and soil fertility, its implication for production. Methodology
for studying effect of CO2. Change in secondary metabolites and pest disease reaction of
plants. The mechanisms of ozone and UV damage and tolerance in plants. Increased
temperature and plants in tropical/sub-tropical climates- effect on growing season, timing
of flowering, duration of fruit development and impacts on crop yields and potential
species ranges, interaction of temperature with other abiotic/biotic stress. Mitigation
strategies and prospects for genetic manipulation of crops to maximize production in the
future atmosphere. Modifying Rubisco, acclimation, metabolism of oxidizing radicals,
and sink capacity as potential strategies.
Practical
Site selection for Agromet observatory; Measurement of temperature; Measurement
of rainfall; Measurement of evaporation (atmospheric/soil); Measurement of atmospheric
pressure; Measurement of sunshine duration and solar radiation; Measurement of wind
direction and speed and relative humidity; Study of weather forecasting and synoptic
charts. Visit to Meteorological observatory, Visit to IMD meteorological observatory-Lay
out plan of standard meteorological observatory. Recording of air and soil temperature.
Measurement of radiation and components, Measurement of rainfall-different types of
raingauges, Measurement of wind speed and direction and atmospheric humidity,
Recording of evaporation. Synoptic charts and weather reports, symbols, etc.
Suggested Reading:
1. K. Srivastava and P. K. Tyagi, 2011. Practical Agricultural Meteorology. New
Delhi Publishing Agency, New Delhi.
2. D.Lenka, 2006. Climate, Weather and Crops in India. Kalyani Publishers, New
Delhi.
3. G. S. L. H. V. Prasad Rao, 2008. Agricultural Meteorology. Prentice Hall of India
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
4. H.S.Mavi and Graeme J. Tupper, 2005. Agrometeorology – Principles and
applications of climate studies in agriculture. International Book Publishing Co.,
Lucknow.
5. H.S.Mavi, 1994. Introduction to Agrometeorology. Oxford and IBH Publishing
Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
6. H.V.Nanjappa and B.K.Ramachandrappa, 2007. Manual on Practical Agricultural
Meteorology.
7. Agrobios India. Jodhpur.
8. S.R.Reddy, 1999. Principles of Agronomy. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
9. T.Yellamanda Reddy and G.H.Sankara Reddi, 2010. Principles of Agronomy.
Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
10. Pattersen, S.1958. Introductionto Meteorology. Mc. Graw Hill Book Co. Inc., New
York
11. Tailor, J.T.1967. AgriculturalClimatology. Pergman Press Ltd., Headington Hill
Hall, Oxford,
12. England
13. Trewarthe,T.G.1968. AnIntroductiontoClimate.McGrawHillBookCo.Inc.,New
York.
14. Mavi,H.S.1985. IntroductiontoAgrometeorology. Oxford&IBHPublishingCo.,New
Delhi.
9. Introductory Agro-forestry AF-311 (HO) 2 (1+1)
Theroy
Agroforestry – definition, objectives and potential. Distinction between agroforestry
and social forestry. Status of Indian forests and role in India farming systems.
Agroforestry system, sub-system and practice: agri-silviculture, silvipastoral, horti-
silviculture, horti-silvipastoral, shifting cultivation, taungya, home gardens, alley
cropping, intercropping, wind breaks, shelterbelts and energy plantations. Planning for
agroforestry – constraints, diagnosis and design methodology, selection of tree crop
species for agro-forestry. Agroforestry projects – national, overseas, MPT– their
management practices, economics of cultivation – nursery and planting (Acacia catechu,
Dalbergiasissoo, Tectona, Populus, Morus, Grewia, Eucalyptus, Quercus spp. and
bamboo, tamarind, neem etc.).
Practical
Identification and seeds and seedlings of multipurpose tree species. Nursery
practices for poplar, Grewiaoptiva, Morus alba, Acacia catechu, Dalbergiasissoo, robinia,
leucaena etc. Visit to agro-forestry fields to study the compatibility of MPTS with
agricultural crops: silvipastoral, alley cropping, horti-silviculture, agro-silvipasture, fuel
and fodder blocks. Visit to social forestry plantations – railway line plantations, canal
plantations, roadside plantations, industrial plantations and shelterbelts. Rapid assessment
of farmers needs for green manure, fodder, fuel wood in selected villages. Economics and
marketing of products raised in agro-forestry systems.
Suggested Readings:
A. K. Patra, 2013. Agroforestry – Principles and Practices. New India publishing
agency.
A. P. Dwivedi, 1992. Agroforestry – Principles and Practices. Oxfird and IBH
Publishing company.
1. Dadhwal et al., 2014. Practical Manual on Agroforestry. Jaya publishing house,
Delhi.
2. L.K. Jha, 2015. Advances in Agroforestry. APH Publishing corporation, New
Delhi.
3. Linford, Jenny, 2007. A Concise Guide to Trees. Parragon books service limited,
Parragon.
4. Negi, S.S., 2007. Agroforestry Hand book. International book distributer, New
Delhi.
5. P.S. Pathak and Ram Newaj, 2010. Agroforestry – Potentials and Opportunities.
Agrobios, Jodhpur
6. Pankaj Panwar & Sunil Puri, 2007. Agroforestry: Systems & Practices. New
India publishing agency, New Delhi.
7. Ramesh Umrani and C.K. Jain, 2010. Agroforestry – Systems & Practices. ABD
Publishers, New Delhi.port of the ICAR Fifth Deans’ Committee
8. Ramachandran Nair, P.K. 1993. AnIntroductionto Agroforestry. First reprint in
India–2008. Springer International Edition
9. Luna, R.K. 1989.Plantation forestry in India. International Book Distributors,
Dehradun Leda Satish. 2006.Biodiesel and Jatropha Plantations. AGROBIOS,
Jodhpur.
10. Chaturvedi, A.N. and Khanna, L.S. 1982. Forest Menstruation. Reprinted in 2006.
International Book Distributors, Dehradun
11. Negi,S.S.2006. Forest Tree Seed. Prashant Gahlotat Valley printers and publishers,
Dehradun.
12. Chundawat and S K Gautam.1996. A text book of Agroforestry. Oxford and IBH
Publishing company Pvt. Ltd.
10. Introduction to Major Field Crops AG-313 (HO) 2(1+1)
Theroy
 Classification and distribution of field crops, definitions and concept of multiple
cropping, mixed cropping, intercropping, relay and alley cropping, cultural practices for
raising major cereals, pulses, oil seeds and fodder crops, green manuring, crop rotation.
Practical
Identification of crop plants, seeds and weeds. Preparation of cropping scheme.
Application of herbicides in field crops.
Suggested Reading:
1. Gurarajan, R.Balasubramanian and V.Swaminathan. Recent Strategies on Crop
Production. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
2. Chidda Singh.1997. Modern techniques of raising field crops. Oxford
and IBHPublishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Rajendra Prasad. Textbook of Field Crops Production - Commercial Crops.
Volume II ICAR Publication.
4. Rajendra Prasad. Textbook of Field Crops Production - Foodgrain Crops. Volume
I ICAR Publication.
5. S.R.Reddy. 2009. Agronomy of Field Crops. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
6. S.S.Singh. 2005. Crop Management. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
7. UAS, Bangalore. 2011. Package of Practice. UAS, Bangalore.
8. Chidda Singh 1983. Modern Techniques of raising Field crops.Oxford & IBH,
Publishing Co., New Delhi
9. Rajendra Prasad 2002. Text Book of Field crops Production,ICAR, New Delhi.
10. Reddy, S.R. 2004. Agronomy of Field crops, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
11. Subhash Chandra Bose, M. and Balakrishnan, V. 2001. Forage
Production South Asian Publishers, New Delhi.
VII. BASIC SCIENCES
1. Elementary Statistics and Computer Application AS-111 (HO) 3(2+1)
Theroy
Introduction to statistics, limitations of statistics. Basic concepts: Variable statistics,
types and sources of data, classification and tabulation of data, construction of frequency
distribution, tables, graphic representation of data, simple, multiple component and
percentage, bar diagram, pie diagram, histogram, frequency polygon and frequency curve
average and measures of location, mean, mode, median, geometric mean, harmonic
mean, percentiles and quadrilles, for raw and grouped data. Dispersion: Range, standard
deviation, variance, coefficient of variation for raw and grouped data. Probability: Basic
concept, additive and multiplicative laws. Theoretical distributions, binominal, poison
and normal distributions, sampling, basic concepts, sampling vs. complete enumeration
parameter and statistic, sampling methods, simple random sampling and stratified random
sampling. Tests of Significance: Basic concepts, tests for equality of means, and
independent and paired t-tests, chi-square test for application of attributes and test for
goodness of fit of Mendalian ratios. Correlation: Scatter diagram, correlation co-efficient
and its properties, regression, fitting of simple linear regression, test of significance of
correlation and regression coefficient. Experimental designs: Basic concepts, completely
randomized design, randomized block design, latin square designs, factorial experiments,
basic concepts, analysis of factorial experiments up to 3 factors – split plot design, strip
plot design, long term experiments, plot size, guard rows. Computer application:
Introduction to computers and personal computers, basic concepts, operating system,
DOS and Windows, MS Word- Features of word processing, creating document and
tables and printing of document, MS Excel-Concept of electronic spreadsheet, creating,
editing and saving of spreadsheet, inbuilt statistical functions and formula bar, MS Power
point-preparation, presentation of slides and
slide show. Introduction to programming languages, BASIC language, concepts, basic
and programming techniques, MS Office, Win Word, Excel, Power point, introduction to
multi-media and its application. Visual basic-concepts, basic and programming
techniques, introduction to internet.
Practical
Construction of frequency distribution table and its graphical representation,
histogram, frequency polygon, frequency curve, bar chart, simple, multiple, component
and percentage bar charts, pie chart, mean, mode for row and grouped data, percentiles,
quadrille, and median for row and grouped data, coefficient of variation, ‘t’ test for
independent, will equal and unequal variants, paired ‘t’ test, chi-square test for
contingency tables and theoretical ratios, correlation and linear regression. Studies on
computer components – Basic language, visual basic, programming techniques, MS
Office, Excel, power point.
Suggested Reading:
1. Gupta, S. C. and Kapoor, V. K. 2014. Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics.
Sultan chand and sons. New Delhi
2. Nageswara Rao, G. 2007.Statistics for Agricultural Sciences. B.S.
Publications,Hyderabad.
3. Rangaswamy, R.1995. A T ext Book of Agricultural Statistics. New Age
International Publishing Limited, Hyderabad.
4. Gupta, V.,2002. ComdexComputerKit. DreamTechPress,NewDelhi.
5. Parmar, A. Mathur, N. DeeptiP .U. and Prasanna, V.
B.,2000.WorkingwithWINDOWS A Handson Tutorials. Tata Mc Graw Hill
Publishing Co., New Delhi.
6. Bandari, V. B., 2012. Fundamentals of Information Technology. Pearson
Education, New Delhi.
7. Fundamentals of Computers. 2011. Pearson Education-ITL ESL, New Delhi,
2. Elementary Plant Biochemistry AC-112 (HO) 2(1+1)
Theroy
Carbohydrates: Occurrence, classification and structure, physical and chemical
properties of carbohydrates, isomerism, optical activity, reducing property, reaction with
acids and alkalis, ozone formation. Lipids: Classification, important fatty acids and
triglycerides, essential fatty acids. Physical and chemical control of oils, their rancidity,
phospholipids, types and importance. Plant pigments – structure and function of
chlorophyll and carotenoids, sterols, basic structure, role of brassino sterols in plants.
Proteins: Classification, function and solubility, amino acids – classification and
structure, essential amino acids, properties of amino acids, colour reactions, amphoteric
nature and isomerism; structure of proteins –primary, secondary tertiary and quaternary
properties and reaction of proteins. Enzymes: Classification and mechanism of action;
 factors affecting enzyme action, co-factors and coenzymes. Vitamins and minerals as co-
enzymes/ co-factors. Carbohydrate metabolism – glycolysis and TCA-cycle; metabolism
of lipids, fatty acid oxidation, biosynthesis of fatty acids, electron transport chain,
bioenergetics of glucose and fatty acids, structure and function of nucleic acid replication,
transcription and translation.
Practical
Preparation of standard solutions and reagents; Carbohydrates: Qualitative reactions;
Estimation of starch; Estimation of reducing and non reducing sugars from fruits; Amino
acids: Reactions of amino acids; Proteins: Estimation of proteins by Lowry’s method;
Fatty acids: Estimation of free fatty acids; Determination of iodine number of vegetable
oils; Vitamins: Estimation of Ascorbic acid; Techniques: Paper chromatography, Thin
layer chromatography; Electrophoresis of pigments extracted from flowers, Extraction of
oil from oil seeds; Enzymes: Enzyme assay, Enzyme Immobilization.
Suggested Reading:
1. Lehninger, Nelson, D. L. and Michael, M. C. 2004. Principles of Biochemistry.
Freeman Publishers
2. Narayanan L M. Biochemistry. Saras Publications
3. Bose. Developments in Physiology Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of Plants
Vol.-1. New India Publications.
4. Voet, D and Voet J. G. 2004. Biochemistry 4th Edn. Wiley & sons Publishers.
USA.
5. Sadashiv, S and Manickam, A. 1996. Biochemical methods for Agricultural
sciences. New age Interantional publishers, New Delhi.
6. Voet, D. and Voet, J.G. 2004. (3rd edit). Biochemistry. John Wiley & sons
Incl.USA.
7. Rameshwar, A. 2006. (3rd edit). Practical Biochemistry. Kalyani Publishers,
NewDelhi.
8. Buchanan, B. B., Gruissem, W. and Jones, R. L. 2002. Biochemistry and
molecular biology of plants. 2nd edition. Blackwell publications, UK.
3. Elementary Plant Biotechnology BT-221(HO) 2(1+1)
Theroy
Concepts of Plant Biotechnology: History of Plant Tissue Culture and Plant Genetic
Engineering; Scope and importance in Crop Improvement: Totipotency and
Morphogenesis, Nutritional requirements of in-vitro cultures; Techniques of In-vitro
cultures, Micropropagation, Anther culture, Pollen culture, Ovule culture, Embryo
culture, Test tube fertilization, Endosperm culture, Factors affecting above in-vitro
culture; Applications and Achievements; Somaclonal variation, Types, Reasons: Somatic
embryogenesis and synthetic seed production technology; Protoplast isolation, Culture,
Manipulation and Fusion; Products of somatic hybrids and cybrids, Applications in crop
improvement. Genetic engineering; Restriction enzymes; Vectors for gene transfer –
Gene cloning – Direct and indirect method of gene transfer – Transgenic plants and their
applications. Blotting techniques – DNA finger printing – DNA based markers – RFLP,
AFLP, RAPD, SSR and DNA Probes – Mapping QTL – Future prospects. MAS, and its
application in crop improvement. Nanotechnology: Definition and scope, types of nano
material and their synthesis, green synthesis. Tools and techniques to characterize the
nano particles. Nano-biotechnological applications with examples, Nano toxicology and
safety.
Practical
Requirements for Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory; Techniques in Plant Tissue
Culture; Media components and preparations; Sterilization techniques and Inoculation of
various explants; Aseptic manipulation of various explants; Callus induction and Plant
Regeneration; Micro propagation of important crops; Anther, Embryo and Endosperm
culture; Hardening / Acclimatization of regenerated plants; Somatic embryogenesis and
synthetic seed production; Isolation of protoplast; Demonstration of Culturing of
protoplast; Demonstration of Isolation of DNA; Demonstration of Gene transfer
techniques, direct methods; Demonstration of Gene transfer techniques, indirect methods;
Demonstration of Confirmation of Genetic transformation; Demonstration of gel-
electrophoricsis techniques. Green synthesis of nano particles and their size
characterization.

Suggested Reading:
1. Singh, B D, 2004. Biotechnology Expanding Horizons 2nd Edn. Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi.
2. Gupta, P.K., 2015. Elements of Biotechnology 2nd Edn. Rastogi and Co., Meerut.
3. Razdan M K, 2014.Introduction to plant Tissue Culture2ndEdn. Science
Publishers, inc. USA.Gautam V K, 2005.Agricultural Biotechnology.
Sublime Publications
4. Thomar, R.S., Parakhia, M.V., Patel, S.V. and Golakia, B.A., 2010. Molecular
markers and Plantt Biotechnology, New Publishers, New Delhi.
5. Purohit, S.S., 2004. A Laboratory Manual of Plant Biotechnology 2nd Edn.
Agribios, India. Singh, B.D. 2012.Plant Biotechnology. Kalyani publishers,
Ludhiana
6. Bilgrami, K.S. and Pandey, A.K.1992.Introduction to Biotechnology. CBS
Pub. New DelhiGupta, P.K. 1994.Elements of Biotechnology. Rastogi Pub.
Meerut.
7. Chahal, G.S. and Gosal, S.S.2003. Principles and Procedures of Plant Approaches
Breeding Biotechnological and Conventional. Narosa Publishing House, New
Delhi
4. Introductory Crop Physiology PP-111(HO) 2(1+1)
Theroy
Water Relations in Plants: Role of water in plant metabolism, osmosis inhibition,
diffusion, water potential and its components, measurement of water potential in plants,
absorption of water, mechanism of absorption and ascent of sap. Stomata: Structure,
distribution, classification, mechanism of opening and closing of stomata. Osmotic
pressure, guttation, stem bleeding; transpiration methods and mechanism and factors
affecting transpiration. Drought: Different types of stresses; water, heat and cold
tolerance; mechanism of tolerance. Plant Nutrition: Essentiality, mechanism of
absorption and its role in plant metabolism. Biological Nitrogen Fixation Photosynthesis,
structure and function of chloroplast, dark and light reactions, cyclic and non-cyclic
electron transfer, CO2 fixation – C3, C4 and CA metabolism, advantages of C4 pathway.
 Photorespiration and its implications, factors affecting photosynthesis. Mode of herbicide
action, Secondary metabolites and plant defense.
Practical
Measurement of water potential, osmosis, root pressure, structure of the stomata,
distribution, opening and closing of the stomata, measurement, transpiration and
calculation of transpirational pull demonstration. Importance of light and chlorophyll in
photosynthesis, pigment identification in horticultural crops, measurement of relative
water content (RWC), studying plant movements.
Suggested Reading:
1. Salisbulry. 2007. Plant Physiology. CBS. New Delhi.
2. Taiz, L. 2010.Plant Physiology. SINAUR. USA.
3. Zeiger. 2003.Plant Physiology. PANIMA. New Delhi.
4. Edward E. Durna. 2014. Principles Of Horticultural Physiology. CABI, UK.
5. Delvin, R.M . 1986. Plant Physiology. CBS. Delhi.
6. Richard, N. Arteca. 2004. Plant Growth Substances. CBS. New Delhi.
7. Jacobs, W. P. 1979. Plant Hormones And Plant Development. Cambridge Univ.
London.
8. Basra, A. S. 2004. Plant Growth Regulators in Agriculture & Horticulture.
HAWARTH press.
9. New York.
10. Lincoln Taiz and Eduards Zeiger (5th Edition). Plant
physiology Noggle G.R and Fritz T.G. Introductory
Plant PhysiologyPandey and Sinha. Plant
Physiology
11. Salisbury and Ross. Plant Physiology

12. Carl fedtke. Biochemistry and Physiology of Herbicide Action

13. Aswani pareek, S.K. Sopory, Hans Bohnert Govindjee. Abiotic stress adaptation in
plants:
14. Physiological, Molecular and Genomic foundation
15. Horst Marschner, Mineral Nutrition of Higher plants
5. Growth and Development of Horticultural Crops PP-122 (HO) 2(1+1)
Theroy
Growth and development-definitions, components, photosynthetic productivity,
Canopy photosynthesis and productivity, leaf area index (LAI) - optimum LAI in
horticultural crops, canopy development; different stages of growth, growth curves, Crop
development and dynamics (Case studies of annual/perennial horticultural crops), growth
analysis in horticultural crops. Plant bio-regulators- auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin,
ethylene inhibitors and retardants, basic functions, biosynthesis, role in crop growth and
development, propagation, flowering, fruit setting, fruit thinning, fruit development, fruit
drop, and fruit ripening. Flowering-factors affecting flowering, physiology of flowering,
photoperiodism-long day, short day and day neutral plants, vernalisation and its
application in horticulture, pruning and training physiological basis of training and
pruning-source and sink relationship, translocation of assimilates. Physiology of seed
development and maturation, seed dormancy and bud dormancy, causes and breaking
methods in horticultural crops. Physiology of fruit growth and development, fruit setting,
factors affecting fruit set and development, physiology of ripening of fruits-climatic and
non-climacteric fruits. Physiology of fruits under post-harvest storage.
Practical
Estimation of photosynthetic potential of horticultural crops, leaf area index, growth
analysis parameters including harvest index, bioassay of plant hormones, identification of
synthetic plant hormones and growth retardants, preparations of hormonal solution and
induction of rooting in cuttings, ripening of fruits and control of flower and fruit drop.
Important physiological disorders and their remedial measures in fruits and vegetables,
seed dormancy, seed germination and breaking seed dormancy with chemicals and
growth regulators.
Suggested Reading:
1. Salisbulry. 2007. Plant Physiology. CBS. New Delhi.
2. Taiz, L. 2010.Plant Physiology. SINAUR. USA.
3. Zeiger. 2003.Plant Physiology. PANIMA. New Delhi.
4. Edward E. Durna. 2014. Principles of Horticultural Physiology. CABI, UK.
5. Delvin, R.M . 1986. Plant Physiology. CBS. Delhi.
6. Richard, N. Arteca. 2004. Plant Growth Substances. CBS. New Delhi.
7. Jacobs, W. P. 1979. Plant Hormones And Plant Development. Cambridge Univ.
London.
8. Basra, A. S. 2004. Plant Growth Regulators In Agriculture & Horticulture.
HAWARTH press.
9. New York.
10. Lincoln Taiz and Eduards Zeiger (5th Edition). Plant physiology. Sinauer
Associates, Inc.
11. Noggle G.R and Fritz T.G.1944. Introductory Plant Physiology.
12. Pandey and Sinha. Plant Physiology.

port of the ICAR Fifth Deans’ Commit

6. Introductory Microbiology PPT-111(HO) 2 (1+1)
Theroy
History and Scope of Microbiology: The discovery of micro-organism, spontaneous
generation conflict, germ theory of diseases, microbial effect on organic and inorganic
matter. Development of microbiology in India and composition of microbial world.
Microscopy and Specimen Preparation: The bright field microscope, fixation, dyes and
simple staining, differential staining. Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells. Prokaryotic cell structure and functions. Types of culture media and pre-culture
techniques. Microbial growth in models of bacterial, yeast and mycelia growth curve.
Measurement of bacterial growth. General properties of viruses and brief description of
bacteriophages. DNA as genetic material. Antibiosis, symbiosis, intra-microbial and
extra-microbial association. Sterilization methods – Physical and chemical, Isolation of
pure cultures and preservation of cultures, Plant growth promoting microorganisms and
mushrooms – Economical importance, Industrially important microorganisms in large
 scale production and common microbial fermentations. Mushrooms- edible and
poisonous types, nutritive values, Culturing and production techniques.
Practical
Examination of natural infusion and living bacteria; examination of stained cells by
simple staining and Gram staining. Methods for sterilization and nutrient agar
preparation. Broth culture, agar slopes, streak plates and pour plats, turbid metric
estimation of microbial growth, mushroom culture- Spawn production, Culture and
production techniques, harvesting, packing and storage.
Suggested Reading:
1. M T Madigan, and J M Martinko, 2014. Brock Biology of Microorganisms 14th
Edn. Pearson.
2. M J Pelczer, 1998. Microbiology 5th Edn. Tata Mc. Grow Hill Education Pvt. Ltd.
3. Stainer, R, 1987. General Microbiology. Palgrave Macmillan.
4. Edward Alchano, 2002. Introduction to Microbiology. Jones and Bartlett hearing.
5. R P Singh, 2007. General Microbiology. Kalyani Publishers.
6. J Heritage, E G V Evans, R A Killington, 2008. Introductory Microbiology.
Cambridge University press P. date.
7. Pelczar, jr. M.J.E.C.S.Chan and Krieg, N.R. 1996. Microbiology. Mc Graw Hill
Publishers, Newyork.
8. Prescott, L.M. Harley, J.P. and Klein, D.A (5ed) 2002. Microbiology. Mc Graw
Hill Publishers, Newyork.
9. Madigan, M. Martinkoj, M. and Parker (10 ed.) 2003. Biology of Microorganisms.
Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
10. Jamaluddin, M. Malvidya, N. and Sharma, A. 2006. General Microbiology.
Scientific Publishers, Washington.
11. Sullia, S.B, and Shantaram 1998. General Microbiology. Oxford and IBH.

VIII. SOCIAL SCIENCES

1. Economics and Marketing AE-111 (HO) 3(2+1)
Theroy
Nature and scope of economics, definition and concepts, divisions of economics,
economic systems, approaches to the study of economics. Consumption – theory of
consumer behaviour, laws of consumption, classification of goods. Wants – their
characteristics and classification, utility and its measurement, cardinal and ordinal, law of
diminishing marginal utility, law of equi-marginal utility, indifference curve and its
properties, consumer equilibrium. Theory of demand, demand schedule and curve,
market demand. Price, income and cross elasticities, Engil’s law of family expenditure –
consumer’s surplus. Theory of firm, factors of production – land and its characteristics,
labour and division of labour, theories of population. Capital and its characteristics –
classification and capital formation. Enterprises – forms of business organization
– merits and demerits. Laws or return – law of diminishing marginal return – cost
concepts. Law of supply – supply schedule and curve elasticities. Market equilibrium,
distribution – theories of rent, wage, interest and profit. Price determination and
forecasting under various market structures. Marketing- definition – Marketing Process –
Need for marketing – Role of marketing –– Marketing functions – Classification of
markets – Marketing of various channels – Price spread – Marketing Efficiency –
Integration – Constraints in marketing of agricultural produce. Market intelligence –
Basic guidelines for preparation of project reports- Bank norms – Insurance
– SWOT analysis – Crisis management.

Practical
Techno-economic parameters for preparation of projects. Preparation of Bankable
projects for various agricultural products and its value added products. Identification of
marketing channel– Calculation of Price Spread – Identification of Market Structure –
Visit to different Markets.

Suggested Reading
1. H L Ahuja. S. Chand and Company Limited. Advanced Economic Theory. Micro
Economic Analysis.
2. Chandra P. 1984. Projects: Preparation, Appraisal & Implementation. McGraw
Hill Inc.
3. Dewett, K.K. and Chand, A.1979.Modern Economic Theory. S.Chand and
Co., New DelhiDewett, K.K. and Varma, J.D. 1986. Elementary Economics.
S.Chand and Co., New Delhi.
4. Gupta RD & Lekhi RK. 1982. Elementary Economic Theory. Kalyani
Publishers.
5. Kotler Philip and Armstrong. Principles of Marketing. Prentice-Hall.
6. Jhingan, M.L. 2012. Macro Economic Theory. Vrinda publishers, New Delhi .
7. Kotler Philip and Armstrong. Principles of Marketing. Prentice-Hall.
8. SS Acharya and N L Agarwal. 2005. Agricultural Marketing in India. Oxford and
IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd
9. Sampat Mukherjee. 2002. Modern Economic Theory. New Age International.
10. Subba Reddy, S., Raghu ram, P., Neelakanta Sastry T.V., Bhavani Devi. I., 2010,
Agricultural Economics, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Private Limited, New
Delhi
11. Willium J. Stanton. 1984. Fundamentals of Marketing. Tata McGraw-Hill
Publication, New Delhi.
12. C.N. Sontakki. Marketing Management. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
13. John Daniels, Lee Radebaugh, Brigham, Daniel Sullivan. International Business,
15th Ed., Pearson Education
14. Aswathappa. International Business. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi
15. Fransis Cherunilam. International Business: Text and Cases, 5th Ed. PHI Learning,
New Delhi.
16. Prasanna Chandra. Projects. Tata McGraw-Hill Pu blication, New Delhi
17. John M. Nicholas. Project Management for Business and Technology – Principles
and Practices. Pearson Prentice Hall
18. Harold Kerzner. Project Management – A System Approach to Planning,
Scheduling, and Controlling. CBS Publishers & Distributors.
19. Prasanna Chandra. Projects – Planning, Analysis, Selection, Financing,
Implementation, and Review. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd.
 20. P. Gopalakrishnan and V.E. Rama Moorthy. Textbook of Project Management.
Macmillan.
2. Horti-Business Management AE-322 (HO) 2(2+0)
Theroy
Farm management - definition, nature, characteristics and scope. Farm management
principles and decision making, production function, technical relationships, cost
concepts, curves and functions – factors, product, relationship – factors relationship,
product relationship, optimum conditions, principles of opportunity cost-equi-marginal
returns and comparative advantages, time value of money, economic of scale, returns to
scale, cost of cultivation and production, break even analysis, decision making under risk
and uncertainty. Farming systems and types. Planning – meaning, steps and methods of
planning, types of plan, characteristics of effective plans. Organizations – forms of
business organizations, organizational principles, division of labour. Unity of command,
scalar pattern, job design, span of control responsibility, power authority and
accountability. Direction – guiding, leading, motivating, supervising, coordination –
meaning, types and methods of controlling – evaluation, control systems and devices.
Budgeting as a tool for planning and control. Record keeping as a tool of control.
Functional areas of management – operations management – physical facilities,
implementing the plan, scheduling the work, controlling production in terms of quantity
and quality. Materials management – types of inventories, inventory costs, managing the
inventories, economic order quantity (EOQ). Personnel management – recruitment,
selection and training, job specialization. Marketing management – definitions, planning
the marketing programmes, marketing mix and four P’s. Financial management –
financial statements and rations, capital budgeting. Project management – project
preparation evaluation measures.

Suggested Reading
1. Heady Earl O and Herald R. Jenson,1954, Farm Management Economics.
Prentice Hall, New Delhi
2. S.S. Johl, J.R. Kapur ,2006, Fundamentals of Farm Business Management.
3. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi
4. Karan Singh and Kahlon A S. Economics of Farm Management in India. Theory
and Practice. New Delhi. Allied
5. Koontz Harold. Principles of Management. Tata McGraw-Hill Education Private
Limited, New Delhi.
6. P.C. Thomas. Managerial Economics, 9th Ed. Kalyani Publishers.
7. K.K. Dewett and M.H. Navalur. Modern Economic Theory. S. Chand & Sons, New
Delhi.
8. P. Subba Rao. Human Resource Management. Himalaya Publications.
9. Barry P J, Hopkins J A and Baker C B. Financial Management in Agriculture,
6th ed. Danville, IL Interstate Publishers.
10. Gittiner, J P., Economic analysis of agricultural projects. The John Hopkins
University Press Baltimore, USA, 1982
11. Benjamin Mc Donald P 1985. Investment Projects in Agriculture- Principles and
Case studies. Longman Group Limited. Essex. UK
12. Pandey U K 1990. An Introduction to Agricultural Finance .Kalyani Publishers
New Delhi.
3. Fundamentals of Extension Education EE-311 (HO) 2(1+1)
Theroy
Extension education: meaning, definition, nature, scope, objectives, principles,
approaches and history. Horticulture extension: process, principles and selected
programmes of leading national and international forest institutes. People’s participation
in Horticulture programmes. Motivation of Farmers, rural youth and voluntary
organizations for Horticulture extension work Rural Development: meaning, definition,
objectives and genesis. Transfer of technology programmes like lab to land programme
(LLP) national demonstration (ND), front line demonstration (FLD) Krishi Vigyan
Kendras (KVK), Technology Assessment and Refinement Programme (TARP) etc. of
ICAR. Communication: meaning, definition, elements and selected models. Audio –
visual aids: importance, classification and selection. Adoption and diffusion process,
Teaching and learning-concepts and principles, Teaching steps, Programming planning
process – meaning, scope, principles and steps. Evaluation: meaning, importance and
methods. Scope and importance of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) & Rapid Rural
Appraisal (RRA). Management and administration: meaning, definition, principles and
functions. Concepts of human resource development (HRD), rural leadership. ICT in
Extension education, ICT use in rural India.
Practical
Visits to study structure, functions, linkages and extension programmes of ICFRE
institutes/ voluntary organizations/Mahila Mandal, Village Panchayat, State Dept. of
Horticulture /All India Radio (AIR). Exercises on distortion of message, script writing for
farm broadcasts and telecasts, planning, preparation & use of NPVA like poster, chart,
flash cards, folders etc. and AVA like OHP & 35 mm slide projector transparencies.
Identification of local leaders to study their role in extension work. Evaluation of some
selected case studies of forestry extension programmes. Preparation of Village
Agricultural productions plan.
Suggested Reading:
1. Adivi Reddy, A., 2001, Extension Education, Sree Lakshmi press, Bapatla.
2. Dahama, O. P. and Bhatnagar, O.P., 1998, Education and Communication for
Development, Oxford and IBH publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Jalihal, K. A. and Veerabhadraiah, V., 2007, Fundamentals of Extension Education
and Management in Extension, Concept publishing company, New Delhi.
4. Muthaiah Manoraharan, P. and Arunachalam, R., Agricultural Extension,
Himalaya Publishing House (Mumbai).
5. Sagar Mondal and Ray, G. L., Text Book On Rural Development,
Entrepreneurship And Communication Skills, Kalyani Publications.
6. Rathore, O. S. et al., 2012, Handbook of Extension Education, Agrotech
Publishing Academy, Udaipur.
7. Ray, G. L., 1991 (1st Edition), Extension Communication and Management,
Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana {7th revised edition - 2010}.
8. Supe, S. V., 2013 (2nd Edition), A Text Book of Extension Education, Agrotech
Publishing Academy, Udaipur.
9. Van Den Ban, A. W. and Hawkins, H. S., Agricultural Extension, S. K .Jain for
CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.
 10. M. Hilaris. Indian Agriculture and Information: Soundari, New century
Publications, 2011and communication technology (ICT)
5. Entrepreneurship Development and Business Management
EE-322
(HO)2(1+1)
Theroy
Entrepreneurship Development: Assessing overall business environment in the Indian
economy. Overview of Indian social, political and economic systems and their
implications for decision making by individual entrepreneurs. Globalization and the
emerging business / entrepreneurial environment. Concept of entrepreneurship;
entrepreneurial and managerial characteristics; managing an enterprise; motivation and
entrepreneurship development; importance of planning, monitoring, evaluation and
follow up; managing competition; entrepreneurship development programs; SWOT
analysis, Generation, incubation and commercialization of ideas and innovations.
Government schemes and incentives for promotion of entrepreneurship. Government
policy on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) / SSIs. Export and Import Policies
relevant to horticulture sector. Venture capital. Contract farming and joint ventures,
public-private partnerships. Supply chain management and total quality management.
Overview of horti inputs industry. Characteristics of Indian horticultural processing and
export industry. Social Responsibility of Business. Communication Skills: meaning and
process of communication, verbal and non-verbal communication; listening and note
taking, writing skills, oral presentation skills developing organizational and managerial
skills, problem solving skills. field diary and lab record; indexing, footnote and
bibliographic procedures.
Practical
Listening and note taking, writing skills, oral presentation skills; field diary and lab
record; indexing, footnote and bibliographic procedures. Reading and comprehension of
general and technical articles, précis writing, summarizing, abstracting; Conducting
market survey to the demand for product, preparing advertisements for popularization of
product, news writing, preparing project proposals, individual, group presentation,
features of oral presentation, presentation, evaluation of presentation and evaluation of
sheet, dyadic communication-face to face conversation, telephone conversation, rate of
speech and clarity of voice, speaking and listening politeness, telephone etiquettes,
organising general and group meeting, salient features of participation in seminars and
conferences, conducting and participating in mock interviews.
Suggested Reading:
1. Benjamin MC Donald P. 1985, Investment Projects in Agriculture- Principles and
Case studies.
2. Longman Group Limited. Essex. UK.
3. Chole, R. R. et al., 2012, Entrepreneurship Development and Communication
skills, Scientific publishers, Jodhpur.
4. Gittiner, J P., 1982, Economic Analysis of Agricultural Projects, The John
Hopkins University Press Baltimore, USA.
 5. Hopkins J A and Baker C B Danville, Financial Management in Agriculture, 6th
ed Barry P J, IL Interstate Publishers.
6. Kotler Philip and Armstrong, Principles of Marketing. Prentice-Hall.
7. Pandey U. K., An Introduction to Agricultural Finance.
8. Sagar Mondal and G. L. Ray, Text Book on Rural Development,
Entrepreneurship and Communication Skills, Kalyani Publications.
9. Somani, L. L., Extension Education and Communication, Agrotech, Publishing
Academy, Udaipur.
10. Dr.A.K.Singh,2009.Entrepreneurship Development and Management. Lakshmi
Publications Ltd.,
11. S. Anil Kumar, S.C Poornima, M.K. Abhraham and K. Jayashree, 2008;
Entrepreneurship Development. New Age International Publishers
5. Communication Skills and Personality Development BE-111 (HO) 2(1+1)
Theroy
Structural Grammar: Introduction of Word Classes; Structure of Verb in English;
Uses of Tenses; Study of Voice; Study of Conjunctions and Prepositions; Sentence
Patterns in English. Spoken English: Conversations of different situations in everyday
life; the concept of stress; stress shift in words and sentences; silent letters in words and
pronunciation of words with silent letters, the basic intonation patterns. Reading and
comprehension of general and technical articles, précis writing, summarizing, abstracting;
individual and group presentations, impromptu presentation, public speaking; Group
discussion. Organizing seminars and conferences.
Practical
Structural Grammar: Exercises in word classes, identification and study of verbs in
sentences, application of tenses and voice, exercises in conjunctions and prepositions,
other structural grammar exercises, report writing, letter writing (different types of
letters). Spoken English: Conversations of everyday life, the concept of stress; stress
shift. Silent letters in words, basic intonation patterns, preparing and address.
Suggested Reading:
1. Balasubramanian T. 1989. A Text book of Phonetics for Indian Students. Orient
Longman, New Delhi.
2. Balasubrmanyam M. 1985. Business Communication. Vani Educational Books,
New Delhi.
3. Naterop, Jean, B. and Rod Revell. 1997. Telephoning in English. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge.
4. Mohan Krishna and Meera Banerjee. 1990. Developing Communication Skills.
Macmillan India Ltd. New Delhi.
5. Krishnaswamy,. N and Sriraman, T. 1995. Current English for Colleges.
Macmillan India Ltd. Madras.
6. Narayanaswamy V R. 1979. Strengthen your writing. Orient Longman, New Delhi.
7. Sharma R C and Krishna Mohan. 1978. Business Correspondence. Tata Mc Graw
Hill publishing Company, New Delhi.
8. Carnegie, Dale. 2012. How to Win Friends and Influence People in the Digital
Age. Simon & Schuster.
9. Covey Stephen R. 1989. The Seven Habits of Highly Successful People. Free Press.
 10. Verma, KC. 2013. The Art of Communication. Kalpaz.
11. Dr. T. Bharati, Dr. M. Hariprasad and Pro. V. Prakasam, Personality Development
and Communicative English. Neelkamal Publications Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
12. Wren and Martin, S. Key to High School English Grammar and Composition-
Chand and Company Ltd., New Delhi
13. Wren and Martin, S. High School English Grammar and Composition- Chand and
Company Ltd., New Delhi
14. Raymond Murphy, English Grammar in Use. Cambridge University Press,The
Official Guide to the TOEFL Test-IV Edition, Educational Testing Services. Mc
Graw Hill, New Delhi.

6. Information and Communication Technology AS-122(HO) 2(1+1)

Theroy
IT and its importance. IT tools, IT-enabled services and their impact on society;
computer fundamentals; hardware and software; input and output devices; word and
character representation; features of machine language, assembly language, high-level
language and their advantages and disadvantages; principles of programming- algorithms
and flowcharts; Operating systems (OS)
definition, basic concepts, introduction to WINDOWS and LINUX Operating Systems;
Local area network (LAN), Wide area network(WAN), Internet and World Wide Web,
HTML and IP; Introduction to MS Office - Word, Excel, Power Point. Audio visual aids
- definition, advantages, classification and choice of A.V aids; cone of experience and
criteria for selection and evaluation of AV aids; video conferencing. Communication
process, Berlo’ s model, feedback and barriers to communication.
Practical
Exercises on binary number system, algorithm and flow chart; MS Word; MS Excel;
MS Power Point; Internet applications: Web Browsing, Creation and operation of Email
account; Analysis of fisheries data using MS Excel. Handling of audio visual equipments.
Planning, preparation, presentation of posters, charts, overhead transparencies and slides.
Organization of an audio visual programme.
7. Physical and Health Education (NC) PE-121 (HO) 1(0+1)
Practical
Physical Education: Introduction to physical education. Posture, exercise for good
posture, physical fitness exercises for agility, strength, coordination, endurance and
speed. Rules are regulations of important games, skill development in any one of the
games – football, hockey, cricket, volleyball, ball badminton, throw ball, tennikoit.
Participation in one of the indoor games– shuttle badminton, chess and table tennis. Rules
and regulations of athletic events, participation in any one of the athletic events – broad
jump, high jump, triple jump, javelin throw, discuss throw, shot put, short and long
distance running, Safety education, movement education, effective way of doing day-
today activities. First-aid training, coaching for major games and indoor games. Asans
and indigenous ways for physical fitness and curative exercises. Exercises and games for
leisure time, use and experience. Importance of Asanas and Surya namaskar. Free hand
exercises and Yoga. Recreation: definition, agencies promoting recreation, camping and
recreation. Note: Warming up and conditioning exercises are compulsory before the
commencement of each class.
Suggested Reading:
1. O.P. Aneja. Encyclopaedia of Physical education, sports and exercise science (4
volumes).
2. Anil Sharma. Encyclopaedia of Health and Physical Education (7 Volumes).
3. N V Chaudhery, R Jain. Encyclopedia of Yoga Health and Physical Education (7
Volumes).
4. Pintu Modak, O P Sharma, Deepak Jain. Encyclopaedia of Sports and Games with
latest rules and regulations (8 volumes).
5. Edwin F Bryant. Yoga sutrap of Patanjali.
8. National Service Scheme/National Cadet Corps (NC) NSS-111 (HO) 1(0+1)
Practical
NSS: Orientation of students in national problems, study of philosophy of NSS,
fundamentals rights, directive principles of state policy, socio-economic structure of
Indian society, population problems, brief of five year plan. Functional literacy, non-
formal education of rural youth, eradication of social evils, awareness programmes,
consumer awareness, highlights of consumer act. Environment enrichment and
conservation, health, family welfare and nutrition. NCC: Introduction to NCC, defense
services, system of NCCtraining, foot drill, sizing, forming up in three ranks, open and
close order march, dressing, getting on parade, dismissing and falling out, saluting,
marching, arms drill, shoulder arm, order arm, present arm, guard of honour, ceremonial
drill, weapon training – rifle bayonet, light machine gun, sten machine carbine,
introduction and characteristic stripping, assembling and cleaning, loading, unloading and
firing. Field craft, visual training, targets, judging distance, fire discipline and fire control
orders, battle craft, field signals, description of ground, section formation, section battle
drill, scouts and patrols, ambush, field engineering, map reading, conventional signs, grid
systems, use of service protractor, prismatic compass and its use, self-defense, general
principles, precautions and training, attacks and counter attacks, marching and searching,
first aid, hygiene and sanitation, civil defense, leadership and
NCC song.

IX. STUDENT READY-PROGRAMME (ELP+RHWE) 40(0+40)

RURAL HORTICULTURAL WORK EXPERIENCE PROGRAMME 20(0+20)
1. Placement in Industries (0+10)
2. Placement in Village (0+10)

Practical
Students will practically gain hands on expertise for a semester in any two options
out of commercial horticulture, protective cultivation of high value horticulture crops,
processing of fruits and vegetables for value addition, floriculture and landscape
gardening, production of bioinputs-biofertilizers and biopesticides, mass multiplication of
plants and bio-molecules throughotissue culture, mushroom culture and bee keeping. In
one semester students will be working with horticulture farmers/horticulture based
 industries in collaboration with developmental departments, extension functionaries,
input suppliers, marketing and procurement functionaries, processing industries.

1) EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING PROGRAMME (ELP) 20(0+20)

Module-I. Commercial Horticulture: Nursery production of fruit crops: Raising of
rootstocks, grafting and budding of rootstocks, management of grafted plants, plant
certification, packaging and marketing, quality control. Nursery production of
ornamentals: Production of plantlets, production of potted plants, management and
maintenance, sale and marketing. Protected cultivation of vegetables and flowers:
Nursery raising/procurement and transplanting, management and maintenance of the
crop, postharvest handling, quality control and marketing.

2) Module-II. Protective cultivation of high value horticulture crops: Visit to

commercial

polyhouses, Project preparation and planning. Specialised lectures by commercial

export house. Study of designs of green- house structures for cultivation of crops.
Land preparation and soil treatment. Planting and production: Visit to export houses;
Market intelligence; Marketing of produce; cost analysis; Visit to export houses;
Market intelligence; Marketing of produce; cost analysis; institutional management.
Report writing and viva-voce.

3) Module-III. Processing of fruits and vegetables for value addition: Planning

and execution of a market survey, preparation of processing schedule, preparation of
project module based on market information, calculation of capital costs, source of
finance, assessment of working capital requirements and other financial aspects,
identification of sources for procurement of raw material, production and quality
analysis of fruits and vegetables products at commercial scale, packaging, labelling,
pricing and marketing of product.
4) Module-IV. Floriculture and landscape gardening: Preparation of project
report, soil and water analysis, preparation of land and layout. Production and
Management of commercial flowers. Harvesting and postharvest handling of
produce. Marketing of produce, Cost Analysis, Institutional Management, Visit to
Flower growing areas and Export House, Attachment with private landscape
agencies. Planning and designing, site analysis, selection and use of plant material for
landscaping. Formal and informal garden, features, styles, principles and elements of
landscaping. Preparation of landscape plans of home gardens, farm complexes, public
parks, institutions, high ways, dams and avenues. Making of lawns, use of software in
landscape. Making of bouquets, button hole, wreath, veni and gazaras, car and
marriage palaces. Dry flower Technology (identification of suitable species, drying,
packaging and forwarding techniques).
5) Module-V. Bio-inputs: Bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides: Isolation and pure
culture establishment of fertilisers and bio-pesticides. Culture methods and substrates.
Scale of methods for bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides. Substrate preparation and
mixing techniques. Quality analysis of bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides. Testing the
final product in small scale level. Storage, marketing and cost analysis of bio-
fertilizers and pesticides.
6) Module-VI. Mass multiplication of plants and molecules through tissue
culture: Preparation of sock solutions of tissue culture media. Preparation of solid
media and liquid media. Initiation of in vitro culture and multiplication (preparation
of explant, inoculation and culturing) (crop to selected). Sub-culturing, Hardening
and establishment, Initiation of callus cultures – suspension cultures, Induction of
selected biomolecules in callus, Harvesting and extraction of biomolecule, Marketing
and cost analysis.

7) Module-VII. Mushroom culture: Construction cultivation room/structure and

Disinfection. Compost preparation & pasteurization. Procurement of mother culture
and spawn preparation. Procurement of casing soil and preparation for production.
Mushroom seeding, Casing with soil and maintenance, Harvesting, processing,
Grading, packing, marketing and Cost economics of mushroom culture.

8) Module-VIII. Bee keeping: Procurement and arrangement of bee keeping

equipments. Location and collection of potent nectar yielding bee flora seeds from
wild. Raising/ enriching the high nectar yielding bee flora in the campus. Location
and hiving the natural bee colony from the wild. Establishing the apiary with
suitable/favourable necessaries. Maintenance and multiplication of hived colonies.
Management of natural enemies and diseases of bees. Maintenance of bee colonies
during dearth and honey flow seasons. Harvesting and Processing of honey and bee
wax. Marketing and cost analysis.

*****