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Cloud Computing

Lecture 5
20-8-2024
Mr. Ajay B. Kapase
Unit 2: Virtualization
Virtualization
• Most fundamental part of cloud computing.

• Meant to provide an abstract environment


• whether virtual hardware or
• Virtual operating system—to run applications.

• Mostly Virtualization=> Hardware Virtualization

• Plays a fundamental role in efficiently delivering Infrastructure-as-a-


Service (IaaS) solutions for cloud computing.
Flavors/Levels of Virtualization
• Hardware Level:
• Creating Virtualized Storage, Memory and Networking.
• Do not involves installation of OS.
• Bare Metal Hypervisors: Citrix Xen, Vmware ESXi
• Operating System Level:
• allows you to create and run multiple virtual machines (VMs) on top of OS.
• Each virtual machine can run its own operating system.
• It virtualizes the entire hardware layer, allowing multiple operating systems to
run independently.
• Example: Vmware, VirtualBox, Docker
Flavors of Virtualization
• Programming Language Level:
• Creating isolated environments for specific programming language's runtime.
• Usually operates on some intermediate code (IL) like Bytecode, CLR etc.
• Example: JVM, CLI

• Application Level Virtualization:


• Allows individual applications to run in isolated environments separate from the
underlying operating system.
• Enables the application to be executed without being installed on the local
machine and without conflicting with other applications or the OS.
• Example: NVM, Wine.
Virtualized environments a closer look
• Virtualization deals with creation of a virtual version of something,
whether hardware, a software, or runtime environment.

• Involves three layers


• Guest: Virtual instance which interacts with the host instance via
virtualization layer.
• Virtualization Layer: responsible for recreating the same or a different
environment where the guest will operate.
• Host: represents the original environment where the guest is supposed to be
managed by virtualization layer.
Virtualized Environments (Three Layers)

virtual environment is created by means of a software program


Characteristics of virtualized environments
Increased security
• All the operations of the guest are generally performed against the virtual
machine.
• This allows the virtual machine manager to control and filter the activity of the
guest, thus preventing some harmful operations from being performed.
• Resources exposed by the host can then be hidden or simply protected from
the guest.
• Dealing with untrusted code. For example, applets downloaded from the
Internet run in a sandboxed version of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), which
provides them with limited access to the hosting operating system resources.
Characteristics of virtualized environments
Managed execution
• Provided via 4 features sharing, aggregation, emulation, and isolation.
• Sharing:
• Allows the creation of a separate computing environments within the same host.
• used to reduce the number of active servers and limit power consumption.
• Aggregation:
• Opposite process of sharing
• Group of separate hosts can be tied together and represented to guests as a single virtual
host.
Characteristics of virtualized environments
Managed execution
• Provided via 4 features sharing, aggregation, emulation, and isolation.
• Emulation:
• mimic the behavior of another system, enabling it to run software or perform tasks as if it
were the physical system.
• emulation focuses on replicating the specific functionality of hardware or software
components.
• Isolation:
• Allows multiple guests to run on the same host without interfering with each other.
• Guests has completely separate environment, in which they are executed.
Managed execution
Characteristics of virtualized environments
• Portability
• In the case of a hardware virtualization the guest is packaged into a virtual image
that can be safely moved and executed on top of different virtual machines.

• In the case of programming-level virtualization, as implemented by the JVM or


the .NET runtime, the binary code representing application components (jars or
assemblies) can be run without any recompilation on any implementation of the
corresponding virtual machine.

• Allows having your own system always with you and ready to use as long as the
required virtual machine manager is available.
Types of Virtualization
• A fundamental element of virtualization is the hypervisor (VMM)
• It recreates a hardware environment in which guest systems are
installed.
• two major types of hypervisor: Type I and Type II
• Type I:
• hypervisors run directly on top of the hardware.
• They take the place of the operating systems and interact directly with the ISA
interface exposed by the underlying hardware.
• These type of hypervisors also called as bare metal hypervisors.
Types of Virtualization
• Type II:
• hypervisors require the support of an operating system to provide
virtualization services.
• they are programs managed by the operating system.
• interact with it through the ABI and emulate the ISA of virtual hardware for
guest operating systems
Types of Virtualization
Virtualization and Cloud Computing
• Main Idea of cloud computing is to rent resources from cloud vendors
as a service.

• instead of purchasing dedicatedly those resources.

• If vendor assigns a dedicated physical resource to each customer.


• High Cost dedicated hardware.
• Underutilization of the resources.
Virtualization and Cloud Computing
• Virtualization plays a very important role in Cloud Computing.

• allows sharing of a single physical instance of a resource or an


application among multiple customers and organizations at one time.

• Assigning a logical name to physical resources and providing a access


to that physical resource on demand.
• Results
• Reduced Cost.
• Proper Resource Utilization.
Virtualization and Cloud Computing
• Cloud Computing mostly uses Hardware Virtualization for enabling Infrastructure
as a Service(IaaS).

• Sometimes Programming/Application Virtualizations for enabling Platform as a


Service (PaaS)

• Provides
• Customization: Customer can add resources, remove or modify the resources as per the
requirement
• Security:
• Isolation: Virtual machines are isolated from each other as if they are physically separated
• Manageability: Virtual machines can be migrated between different hosts
Customization and Manageability in Cloud Virtualization
Types of Virtualization in Cloud Computing
• Hardware Virtualization

• Server Virtualization

• Storage Virtualization
Hardware Virtualization
• When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is directly installed
on the hardware system is known as hardware virtualization.

• The main job of hypervisor is to control and monitoring the processor, memory and other
hardware resources.

Usage:
• Hardware virtualization is mainly done for the server platforms, because controlling virtual
machines is much easier than controlling a physical server.
Hardware Virtualization (IaaS)
Server Virtualization (PaaS)
• Server virtualization is done because a single physical server can be
divided into multiple servers on the demand basis and for balancing
the load or multiple Servers can be combined together in order to
provide high provisioning of resource pooling.
Server Virtualization (PaaS)
Storage Virtualization
• Storage virtualization is the process of grouping the physical storage
from multiple network storage devices so that it looks like a single
storage device.
Storage Virtualization
Pros of Virtualization in Cloud
1. Reduced Costs

2. Efficient hardware Utilization

3. High Availability

4. Disaster Recovery is efficient and easy


(Features of VM Snapshots, VM image mirroring)

5. Energy Savings
Due to moving from multiple physical server to single physical and multiple virtual servers power consumption, cooling costs.

6. Quick and Easy Setup


No need of physical setup, connection, compatibility checking etc.

7. Running application not supported by the host.


Cons of Virtualization in Cloud
• High Initial Investment:
• Although cloud virtualization can cost cheaper in long run it involves initial investment for
purchasing virtualization solution, and configuration.

• Requirement of Skilled Personnel


• Configuration, Managing, Monitoring virtualized environment is complex task and
requires skilled human resources.

• Security Risks
• without use of proper security tools like firewall, VPNs cloud management environment
can have higher security if centralized virtualization management control is
comporomized.

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