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EXPERIMENT-1 A pH of Samples

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778 views

EXPERIMENT-1 A pH of Samples

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loveishkishor1906
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENT-1 A pH of Samples

Aim
To find the pH of the following samples by using pH paper/universal indicator.

(a) Dilute hydrochloric acid


(b) Dilute NaOH solution
(c) Dilute ethanoic acid solution
(d) Lemon juice
(e) Water
(f) Dilute sodium bicarbonate solution

Theory

● pH is the measure of the hydrogen ion concentration [H+] of a solution.


PH = – log10 [H+]
● Acids release H+ ions when dissolved in water.
● Bases release OH ions when dissolved in water.

pH scale: pH is normally measured in a range of 0-14. [Due to mathematical definition and calculation it
is possible to get negative pH and pH above 14]

If pH < 7 then it is acidic solution.


If pH > 7 then it is basic solution.
If pH = 7 then it is neutral.

● Components of Universal Indicator: Universal indicator consists of a mixture of indicators such that
there is a continuous colour change on slight change in pH. Some important constituents of universal
indicator are:

• Sodium hydroxide • Thymol blue


• Methyl red • Bromothymol blue
• Phenolphthalein • Propanol

● Acids convert blue litmus paper red. For example, HCl, CH3COOH, etc.
● Bases convert red litmus paper blue. For example, NaOH, NaHCO3, etc.
● Neutral solutions have no affect on either blue or red litmus paper.

Materials Required
Six test tubes, six droppers, white tile, pH paper (with coloured chart strip of pH scale) and test tube
stand.
Chemicals required: Dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute solution of sodium hydroxide, dilute ethanoic acid,
lemon juice, distilled water and dilute solution of sodium bicarbonate.
Procedure
1. Take six test tubes, wash them with distilled water and place them on test tube stand.
2. Mark these test tubes as A, B, C, D, E and F.
3. Take 2 mL each of the above chemicals and add them to the test tubes marked.
Test tube A – add 2 mL of dil. HCI acid Test tube B – add 2 mL of dil. NaOH solution
Test tube C – add 2 mL of dil-. ethanoic acid Test tube D – add 2 mL of lemon juice
Test tube E – add 2 mL of distilled water Test tube F – add 2 mL of dil. sodium bicarbonate solution
4. Take a white tile and place small strips of pH paper on it, mark them as A to F.
5. Take clean droppers rinsed with distilled water.
6. Use each dropper to suck the contents present in the test tubes A to F and pour a drop of each
content on marked pH paper respectively.
E.g., the contents of test tube A to be placed on the pH paper with label A.
7. Observe the colour change in the pH paper and match it with the colour pH chart given. Record your
observations.
Observations

Test tube Sample Colour of pH Paper Approximate pH Nature

A Dil. HCI Red colour 1 Strong acid

B Dil. NaOH Dark blue colour 14 Strong base

C Dil. CH,COOH Orange colour 3 Weak acid

D Lemon juice Pink colour 2 Weak acid

E Water Green colour 7 Neutral


F Dil. NaHCO3 Light blue colour 9 Weak base

Conclusion

Test tube Sample

A Hydrochloric acid

B Sodium hydroxide

C Ethanoic acid

D Lemon juice

E Water (distilled)

F Sodium bicarbonate

Precautions

1. The test sample solutions should be freshly prepared and the firuit juice samples should also be
fresh.

2. Use clean and rinsed droppers.

3. Use clean test tubes and mark them carefully.

4. Rinse the test tubes and droppers with distilled water only.

5. Use clean tile.

Sources of Error

1. Be careful while using the dropper, ensure that everytime you use a clean dropper.

2. Do not use tap water for rinsing, the pH may go wrong.

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