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Lab5.Rectification.EMT

Rectification lab report of lab at SNS, NUST

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Mian Muhammad Bilal
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0 views

Lab5.Rectification.EMT

Rectification lab report of lab at SNS, NUST

Uploaded by

Mian Muhammad Bilal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electricity and

Magnetism
Department of Chemistry (SNS)

Lab 5: Rectification
Submitted to: Mam Marwah
Submitted by: Group 01
Group members:
(i) Ali Raza
(ii) Syed Husnain Raza
(iii) Muhammad Zeeshan Ayyub khan
(iv) Mian Muhammad Bilal
(v) Muhammad Asad Saeed
(vi) Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari
OBJECTIVE:
In this experiment, we will study the concept of rectification in electrical
circuits. The structure and characteristics of a half-wave and full-wave rectifier
will be investigated.

THEORY:
The primary component:
The primary component of a rectifier is the diode. A diode is an electrical component
that has very high resistance in one direction,but almost negligible resistance in the other
direction. It allows the current to flowin one-direction only. This is known as the forward
direction.
Diode in experiment:
In this experiment, we studied the behavior of two types of rectifiers:

• Firstly, a half-wave rectifier. This keep allows the current to


pass unhinderedin the forward direction but truncates its
flow when the polarity switches. This is based on a simple
circuit, composed of a single diode, placed in serieswith the
resistor. Figure (1 left) shows the schematic for this circuit.
An oscilloscope can be placed across the resistor (as shown
in the figure), to observe the truncated waveform.
• Secondly, we looked at the full-wave rectifier. Just like
the half-waverectifier, this also transmits the forward
current as it is, but unlike the half- wave rectifier, it also
switches the reversed-direction current to forward, thus,
enabling it to pass through the resistor. The circuit is
made complicated due to the presence of a carefully
oriented diode bridge. Figure (1 right) outlines this
diagrammatically

Uses of diode:

• It is used in voltage multiplier.


• It is used for modulation.
• A half-wave rectifier is used in soldering iron
• Full-wave rectifiers are even used for powering up the motor and led,which works
on DC voltage.
• A rectifier is used for powering appliances.

PROCEDURE:
A) To produce half rectifying wave:
• Insert a single diode into the bread board in the parallel inputs of the
breadboard.
• Connect one side of diode with a resistor by connecting it in parallel intothe
breadboard.
• Use 2 wires to close the circuit by connecting them with the diode andresistor
with the power rail.
• Use 2 wires for the output by connecting them into the breadboard with the2 ends of
resistor
• Connect the crocodile wires of the oscilloscope with the wires
dedicatedfor the output.
• Insert A.C voltage wires that are connected to a step-down
transformer intothe power rail.
• Observe the graph for the half rectifying wave on the
oscilloscope on itsdisplay.
• It should be like the wave given in the picture
B) To produce fully rectifying wave:
• Insert 4 individual rectifying diodes connected in a closed loop “bridge”
configuration to produce the desired output.
• The pairs should be oppositely faced.
• Connect the power input wires with the 1st /4th and 2nd /3rd diode parallel.
• Connect the output wires with the 1st /2nd and 3rd /4th diodes.
• Connect the crocodile wires of the oscilloscope
with the wires dedicatedfor the output.
• Insert A.C voltage wires that are connected to a
step-down transformer intothe power rail
• Observe the graph for the half rectifying wave
on the oscilloscope on itsdisplay.
• It should be like the wave given in the picture

DATA ANALYSIS:
A) Half wave Rectification:
Theoretically, after half wave rectifications the negative
part of wave must be skipped(neutral). In the circuit, we
have connected a diode as described in the procedure and
got correct results graphically.

B) Full wave rectification:


Theoretically, there must be waves of same polarity,
which is called full wave rectification. In the circuit, we
have connected four diodes as described in the procedure,
and we had observed the same graphical results, as shown by the graph.

DISCUSSION:

A) Half wave Rectification:


• In this part, we verified the working of diode with the help of synchronizedtheoretical &
graphical results.
• As we know that; a diode only allows one-half cycle of AC source and prevents the flow
of the other one-half cycle.
• And that’s the reason; we got only positive part of wave with alternative neutral gaps
between them, and it is called Half-Wave Rectification.
• To get only the negative part of wave; you can either invert the terminals of oscilloscope
(which relate to circuit) or invert the position of diode.
B) Full wave Rectification:
• Secondly, we prove the concept of full rectification with the help of synchronized
theoretical & graphical results.
• Extending the concept about working of diode; we see that, two diodes convert AC
voltage to DC voltage.
• For the first half cycle, the positive current flows throw the bridge diode structure and
passes only through 2 diodes, resulting in a positive wave onthe oscilloscope.
• For the second half cycle, the polarity of the source voltage reverses and again the current
flows from the positive terminal through the 2 diodes (thistime different ones from the
first cycle).
• It is important to note that no current flows from negative terminal to positive terminal
hence resulting again in a positive wave on the oscilloscope.
• And finally, we obtained our desired graphical results.
• To get only the negative part of wave; you can either invert the terminals of
oscilloscope (which relate to circuit) or invert the positions of all diodes.

ERRORS:
There might be some errors, which might be present due to:
• Incorrect and loose connections of diodes and terminals.
• Faulty apparatus. (Including: diodes, oscilloscope, breadboard, wires, due to

which their resistivity boundlessly increases.

• Opposite polarity due to voltage wires connected oppositely.


• Not resetting the oscilloscope after turning the voltage button ON.

PRECAUTIONS:
• Accurately, connect the wires and diodes in the parallel and series inputrails.
• Be careful while the AC Voltage is turned on. Don’t touch exposed circuit wires.
• Always reset the calibrations every time after turning ON the voltage.
• Be cautious of the diode side which is connected to the circuit and otherdiodes.
• Avoid using full breadboard as some inputs might be faulty
• Always check polarity of the input voltage. Reverse them if the results are
reflected like upside down.
• Use the resistor to avoid damage to other circuit components

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