AERODYNAMICS I AE302

PROBLEM SHEET

Q1)
i. Write down the conservation principles for Mass, Momentum and Energy
ii. Drive the momentum equation for steady 1-D flow using a stream tube approach.

Q2) Write the mathematical expression for the following:

i. Del operator
ii. Gradient of scalar
iii. Divergence of a vector field
iv. Curl of a vector field

Q3) Write the mathematical expression for the following integral theories and state their function:
i. Stokes theory
ii. Guess theory

Q4) Drive the continuity equation in Cartesian coordinates for 3-D flow in integral form?

Q5) Starting with

𝜕
⃗ ) + ∇. ( 𝜌𝑽
(𝜌 𝑉 ⃗ ⃗𝑽) = −∇𝑃 + ∇ . 𝕋 + 𝜌 𝒇𝑩
𝜕𝑡

Prove that for steady, 2-D, inviscid incompressible flow, the tangential momentum component is
given by
𝜕𝑢𝜃 𝑢𝜃 𝜕𝑢𝜃 𝑢 𝜃 𝑢𝑟 1 𝜕𝑝
(𝑢𝑟 + )+ =−
𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 𝜌𝑟 𝜕𝜃

Q6) Find the flow velocities 𝑉 at station 1, 2 and 3 in the conduit shown in the Figure. The volume
flow rate Q is 800L/min and the diameters d1, d2 and d3 at sections 1, 2 and 3 are 50, 60 and 100mm
respectively. If the pressure P, at section 1 is 24.5 kPa, what are the pressures, at sections 2 and 3
respectively?
Q7) Check whether the velocity vectors represent a physically possible flow and whether it is
rotational or irrotational flow
3 3
i. ⃗ = (𝑦 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑦) 𝑖 + (𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦 − 𝑥 ) 𝑗
𝑉
3 3

ii. ⃗ = (3𝑥𝑦)𝑖 + (𝑥 3 − 𝑥𝑦 3 )𝑗
𝑉
iii. ⃗ = (2𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 2 )𝑖 + (𝑥 2 − −4𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )𝑗 + (2𝑥𝑦 − −𝑦𝑧 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑘
𝑉

iv. ⃗ = (𝑎 (1 − 12) cos 𝜃) 𝑒𝑟 + (−𝑎 (1 + 12) cos 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) 𝑒𝜃

𝑉
𝑟 𝑟

v. ⃗ = (𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃)𝑒𝑟 + (−2𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃)𝑒𝜃

𝑉

Q8) Given the velocity vector field

⃗ = 3𝑡 𝑖 + 𝑥𝑧 𝑗 + 𝑡𝑦 2 𝑘
𝑉

⃗
𝐷𝑉
Find the total acceleration of a particle.( )
𝐷𝑡

Q9) Consider the velocity field given by the velocity vector

𝑦3 −𝑥
⃗ = (
𝑉 ) 𝑖 + ( )𝑗
(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )

Calculate

i. The equation of the streamline passing through the point (0,5)

ii. The vorticity? Is the flow field rotational or irrotational?

Q10) The radial velocity component in an incompressible, 2-D (𝑤 = 0) flow field is

𝑢𝑟 = 2𝑟 + 3𝑟 2 sin 𝜃

Determine the tangential velocity component, 𝑢𝜃 , required to satisfy conservation of mass.

Q11) The stream function in a two-dimensional, incompressible flow field is given as

𝜓 = 3𝑥𝑦

i. Determine the velocity components.

ii. Check whether the flow is irrotational or rotational.
Q12) In a two dimensional flow, the fluid velocity components are given by

⃗ = (𝑥 − 4𝑦)𝑖 + ( −𝑦 − 4𝑥)𝑗
𝑉

Check whether the flow is

i. ⃗ =0)
Compressible or incompressible ( satisfy the incomp. flow continuity equation ∇. 𝑉
ii. Rotational or irrotational.
iii. Find the stream function.
iv. Find the velocity potential

Q13) The velocity vector of a two-dimensional inviscid incompressible flow is given by

𝑦 𝑥
⃗ = (2𝑦 +
𝑉 ) 𝑖 + ( −2𝑥 − 2 )𝑗
(𝑥 2
+𝑦 )2 1𝑙2 (𝑥 + 𝑦 2 )1𝑙2
Find the stream function and vorticity vector.

Q14) The two-dimensional flow of a non-viscous, incompressible fluid in the vicinity of the 90o
corner of figure is described by the stream function

𝜓 = 2𝑟 2 sin 2𝜃

where ψ has units of 𝑚2/𝑠 when 𝑟is in meters. Assume the fluid
density is 103kg/m3and the 𝑥–𝑦plane is horizontal that is,
there is no difference in elevation between points (1) and (2).

Determine, if possible, the corresponding velocity potential. And If the pressure at point (1) on the
wall is 30 kPa, what is the pressure at point (2)?

Q15) Write down Laplace equation in Cartesian coordinates in both terms of velocity potential and
stream function? What are the main features of Laplace equation? What are the benefits of linearity
of this equation? What are the boundary conditions used to solve the equation?

Q16) Write down the stream function and velocity potential of uniform flow from any direction,
source, sink and free vortex?

Q17) A sink of strength 0.2 𝑚/𝑠 placed at the origin facing a uniform stream parallel to x-axis of an
inviscid incompressible fluid of velocity 4m/s.

i. Locate the stagnation point.

ii. Determine the equation for the stagnation streamline.
iii. Determine the half height of the resultant combination.
Q18) Given: Two-dimensional, incompressible, irrotational flow formed from superposition of a
doublet and a uniform flow parallel to positive x- axis. Find:

i. Stream function and velocity potential.

ii. Velocity field.
iii. Stagnation points.
iv. Cylinder surface.

Q19) Consider the lifting flow over a circular cylinder with a diameter of 0.5 m. The freestream
velocity is 25 m/s, and the maximum velocity on the surface of the cylinder is 75 m/s. The freestream
conditions are those for a standard altitude of 3 km (𝜌=0.90926𝑘𝑔/𝑚3). Calculate the lift per unit
span on the cylinder.

Q20) A source with strength 𝒎 = 0.2/2𝜋 𝑚3 /𝑠. and a vortex with strength Γ = 1/2𝜋 𝑚3 /𝑠 are
located at the origin. Determine the equations for velocity potential and stream function. What are the
velocity components at 𝑥 = 1 𝑚 , 𝑦 = 0.5 𝑚?

Q21) What is the airfoil? Write the airfoil nomenclatures on the figure shown below. Define each
one of these nomenclatures.

Q22) Sketch and explain briefly a typical curve of the variation of lift coefficient with angle of attack
for an airfoil? What is the meaning of each digit in NACA 2412

‫بالتوفيق للجميع‬ ‫انتهت األسئلة‬

 ‫مالحظات‪-:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬عدد االسئلة المطلوب تقديم تقرير بها هي ‪ 13‬سؤال و ارقامها كالتالي‪-:‬‬

‫‪ 7 ,5 ,4‬الفقرة( ‪22 ,21 ,20 ,18 ,17 ,16 ,15 ,12 ,10 ,9 , (i ,vi‬‬

‫كافة األسئلة الموجودة بالورقة قد تكون موضع سؤال‪ .‬تم تقليص المطلوب تسليمه لضيق الوقت‪.‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫اخر فرصة لتقديم التقرير هي يوم االمتحان النهائي‬ ‫‪-3‬‬
‫أي تقرير غير منسق و مكتوب بعناية سيتم استبعاده وسيعطى درجة صفر‬ ‫‪-4‬‬
‫ارجو االهتمام بالتقرير‬ ‫‪-5‬‬
‫أي سؤال او استفسار يمكنكم التواصل في المجموعة‪.‬‬ ‫‪-6‬‬