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Practical 2 - Button, Transistor, Relay

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38 views

Practical 2 - Button, Transistor, Relay

Uploaded by

black hello
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BAIT2123 INTERNET OF THINGS Jul 2024

Practical 2: Construct a driver circuit to control the high current (> 10mA) output devices

Objective
Using transistor as a switch to control a high current device such as relay

Procedure
Step 1: How to identify and naming the leads of transistor
* Always use Internet technology to find out the answer (e.g., Google search)

(i) Pick transistor 2N3904, identify the lead labels as ______ , ______ and ______. The names
of lead labels are ________ , ________ and ________ , respectively. Fill up the lead labels of
the transistor below.

Question : what is the electronic symbol of a transistor? Include the labels.

Step 2: Understand the relay connectivity and specification

(i) Pick a relay. Read the printing label on top of the relay, the control voltage is ________ . Fill
up the relay output control rating in the table below then calculate the maximum power (Pmax).

Output Control Rating Type Voltage (V) Current (I) Pmax = V x I


1
2
3
4
BAIT2123 INTERNET OF THINGS Jul 2024

Question : To control the household light bulb, what is the voltage that the relay requires to
control the light bulb?

Question : To control the household light bulb (e.g., 20W one light bulb), what is the maximum
number of light bulbs that the relay can control (in series) ?

(ii) Flip the relay to the lead side. Using multimeter, rotate the multimeter selector to 200 𝛺
range, test the relay leads and fill up the two tables below.
Table 1
Lead Lead Relay control coil resistance (𝛺)
1 2

Using Ohm’s Law ( Voltage (V) = current (I) x resistance (R)), the estimated current required to
control the relay is __________.
BAIT2123 INTERNET OF THINGS Jul 2024

Table 2
Lead Lead Short (Just tick “✓”) Open (Just tick “✓”)
3 4
3 5
4 5

Question: What is the electron symbol of relay? Explain the test results in Table 2.

Step 3: Understand the push button switch connectivity

(i) Pick one push button switch. Rotate the multimeter selector to 200 𝛺 range then test the
push button leads and fill up the table below

Lead Lead Short (Just tick “✓”) Open (Just tick “✓”)
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 1

Question : What is the electronic symbol of the push button ? Explain the test result in the table.
BAIT2123 INTERNET OF THINGS Jul 2024

Step 4: Construct a driver circuit to drive the relay

* Please refer to the Additional Notes for extra precaution on circuit design.

(i) Pick transistor 2N3904, relay, LED and two 1 k𝛺 resistors, press them into the breadboard.
Connect these components using male-to-male connectors (see the Blue lines) and press into
the breadboard as shown below. Use hook-up wires (about 1-2 cm length of red and black
wires) to connect the center rows to the two side rows for 5V and GND connections. good
practices on constructing an electronic circuit on a breadboard, we will use both sides’ two rows
as 5V and GND (check if they are connected to the common 5V and GND). Then turn on the
Raspberry board.

* There are Two (2) IN5819 diodes required to be placed on the breadboard. The 1N5819
(1A/40V) Schottky diode across pins 1 and 2 of the relay (see below) is to avoid voltage spike
due to inductive kickback from the relay coil, when a NPN transistor abruptly switches off.
* note: make sure all connectivities are correct before turn on the Raspberry board

(ii) Press the push button switch, the LED light is ______ , release the push button, the LED
light is _______ .

(iii) When the push button switch is pressed and released, a mechanical noise has _________.
(select heard or not heard)
BAIT2123 INTERNET OF THINGS Jul 2024

Question : Draw the electronic circuit diagram and explain the simple working principle of the
circuit.

* You can use Windows “Paint” or Draw.IO application to draw a simple circuit, save as an
image file and upload to the practical test google form.

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