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Cell-Structure-Transes

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24 views

Cell-Structure-Transes

Uploaded by

reymond pahulas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cell Structure & Function

Cell Theory
• All living things are made up of cells.
• Cells are the smallest working units of all
living things.
• All cells come from preexisting cells through
cell division.

Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of
performing life functions.

Two Types of Cells


• Prokaryotic
• Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic
• Do not have structures surrounded by
membranes
• Few internal structures
• One-celled organisms, Bacteria Cell Parts
Organelles

Surrounding the Cell

Cell Membrane
• Outer membrane of cell that controls
movement in and out of the cell
• Double layer

(Note: Cholesterol – for stabilization of


membranes
Proteins – facilitates the in and out of those
charged molecules that can’t pass through the
cell easily
Carbohydrate – cell identification)
Eukaryotic
• Contain organelles surrounded by Cell Wall
membranes • Most commonly found in plant cells &
• Most living organisms bacteria
• Supports & protects cells
Inside the Cell (Note: Smooth ER is for lipid metabolism, synthesis
Nucleus of phospholipids as well as breaking down harmful
• Directs cell activities substances.)
• Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear
Ribosomes
membrane
• Each cell contains thousands
• Contains genetic material - DNA
• Make proteins
Nuclear Membrane
• Found on ER& floating throughout the cell
• Surrounds nucleus
• Made of two layers
Mitochondria
• Openings allow material to enter and leave
• Produces energy through chemical
nucleus
reactions – breaking down fats &
carbohydrates.
Chromosomes
• In nucleus
Golgi Bodies
• Made of DNA
• Protein 'packaging plant'
• Contain instructions for traits &
• Move materials within the cell
characteristics
• Move materials out of the cell
Nucleolus
(Note: As proteins move through the Golgi body,
• Inside nucleus
they are customized into forms that the cell can
• Contains RNA to build proteins
use. The Golgi body does this by folding the
proteins into useable shapes or adding other
(Note: Nucleolus is for ribosome synthesis its
materials onto them such as lipids or
because there is rRNA when it combines with the
carbohydrates. Vacuoles are sack-like structures
other proteins it will become the ribosome.)
that store different materials. Here in this plant
Cytoplasm cell, the central vacuole stores water.)
• Gel-like mixture
Lysosome
• Surrounded by cell membrane
• Transports undigested material to cell
• Contains hereditary material
membrane for removal
• Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Moves materials around in cell
• Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
Vacuoles
• Rough type (pictured): ribosomes
• Membrane-bound sacs for storage,
embedded in surface
digestion, and waste removal
• Contains water solution
(Note: The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane-
• Help plants maintain shape
enclosed passageway for transporting materials
such as the protein synthesized by ribosomes.
Chloroplast
As proteins move through the Golgi body, they are • Usually found in plant cells
customized into forms that the cell can use. • Contains green chlorophyll
Flattened sheets called cisternae) • Where photosynthesis takes place

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