A PROJECT REPORT

ON
“Fingerprint based Electronic Voting
Machine”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of
B-Tech in Electronics and Communication Engineering

Session: 2021-2025
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
GOVIND BALLABH PANT INSTITUTE OF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, PAURI

Submitted To: Submitted By:

Dr. A. R. VERMA MAYANK PATHAK (2100130)
(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR) SAHIL SINGH (2100137)
ANSH CHAUHAN
(2100156)
 DECLARATION

This is to certify that the project entitled “Fingerprint based Electronic Voting Machine”
which is being submitted by MAYANK PATHAK (2100130), SAHIL SINGH (2100137),
ANSH CHAUHAN (2100156) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
Bachelor of Technology degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering to the
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, G.B. Pant Institute of
Engineering and Technology, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand is a Bonafide work carried out by
them under my guidance and supervision. To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied
in the project has not been submitted for the award of any other degree or diploma.

Date: MAYANK PATHAK (2100130)

Place: GBPIET, Pauri Garhwal SAHIL SINGH (2100137)

ANSH CHAUHAN (2100156)

 CERTIFICATE

This is certified that Project entitled " Fingerprint based Electronic Voting
Machine" which is submitted by MAYANK PATHAK (2100130), SAHIL SINGH
(2100137), ANSH CHAUHAN (2100156) of B-Tech 3rd year, Electronics and
Communication Engineering, GB Pant Institute of Engineering and
Technology, Pauri record of work carried out by them under guidance of Dr.
A. R. Verma (Asst Prof).

____________ ____________

Internal Examiner External Examiner

(Electronics and Communication Engineering)

Date: -_ _ _ _/ _ _ _ _ /_ _ _ _ _
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is our proud privilege and duty to acknowledge the kind of help and guidance received from several
people in preparation of this project. It would not have been possible for us without their valuable
help, cooperation and guidance.
First and foremost, we wish to record our sincere gratitude to our mentor Dr. A.R. VERMA and to
the Head of the Department Prof. (Dr.) Rajesh Kumar and our respected Director of our Institute
Prof. (Dr.) V.N Kala for their constant support and encouragement in preparation of this report and
for making available library and laboratory facilities needed to prepare this report.
Secondly, we would like to thank our parents who patiently helped us as we went through our work
and helped to modify and eliminate some of the irrelevant or unnecessary stuffs. We would also like
to thank our friends who helped us to make our work more organized and well- stacked till the end.
At last, we would like to thank God for his grace upon us.

Date: MAYANK PATHAK (2100130)

Place: GBPIET, Pauri SAHIL SINGH (2100137)

ANSH CHAUHAN (2100156)

 ABSTRACT
This project report presents the design and implementation of a smart electronic voting machine (EVM)
utilizing the R307 fingerprint sensor and an Arduino microcontroller. The primary objective of this project is
to enhance the security, accuracy, and efficiency of the voting process by integrating biometric verification.
The R307 fingerprint sensor is employed to ensure the authenticity of voters, thereby preventing fraudulent
activities such as double voting and impersonation.

The system architecture comprises a fingerprint sensor module interfaced with an Arduino microcontroller,
which acts as the central processing unit and a 16x2 LCD screento make the project interactive and relaible.
Voters' fingerprints are scanned and matched against a pre-registered database to verify their identity. Upon
successful authentication, the voter is allowed to cast their vote through a user-friendly interface. The vote is
then securely recorded and stored, ensuring the integrity of the election process.

Key components and steps in the project include:

• Detailed block and circuit diagrams.
• Programming code for Arduino.
• Instructions on setting up and operating the system.
This smart EVM aims to address the limitations of traditional voting systems by providing a more secure,
transparent, and reliable method of voting. The integration of biometric authentication enhances voter
confidence and contributes to the overall credibility of the electoral process. The project demonstrates the
feasibility and advantages of using advanced technology in electoral systems and sets the foundation for future
improvements in electronic voting solutions
Future enhancements for the smart electronic voting machine could include integrating additional biometric
methods such as facial recognition to bolster security. Implementing wireless connectivity would enable real-
time data transmission and centralized monitoring. Advanced encryption techniques can ensure data privacy
and integrity, while scalability improvements will support larger voter databases and higher throughput.
This smart electronic voting machine demonstrates the practical application of electronic voting technologies
in everyday life, offering a significant improvement in electoral system and user experience.
 CONTENT
DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................................ i
CERTIFICATE .......................................................................................................................................... ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................................ iii
ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................. iv
CONTENT ................................................................................................................................................. v
1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Usual Electoral Process and Their Limitations ................................................................................ 1
1.2 Our Idea: Fingerprint-Based Electronic Voting Machine ................................................................ 1
1.3 Objective of Our Idea ....................................................................................................................... 1
2. COMPONENTS REQUIRED ............................................................................................................... 2
2.1 Arduino UNO ................................................................................................................................... 2
2.2 R307 Optical Fingerprint Reader Sensor ......................................................................................... 3
2.3 16x2 LCD display with I2C Modules .............................................................................................. 4
2.4 5V Passive Buzzer............................................................................................................................ 5
2.5 Other Components Used .................................................................................................................. 6
3. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................. 7
3.1 Planning ........................................................................................................................................... 7
3.1.1 Identification of the Problem .................................................................................................... 7
3.1.2 Research .................................................................................................................................... 7
3.1.3 Component and System Selection............................................................................................. 7
3.1.3(A) Hardware Requirement...................................................................................................... 7
3.1.3(B) Software Requirement ....................................................................................................... 8
3.2 Implementation ................................................................................................................................ 8
3.3 Testing ............................................................................................................................................ 10
4. SOFTWARE ........................................................................................................................................ 11
4.1 Output............................................................................................................................................. 17
5. CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................... 21
5.1 Limitations ..................................................................................................................................... 21
5.2 Future Scope .................................................................................................................................. 21
6. REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................... 22
 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Usual Electoral Process and Their Limitations

The main objective of democracy is "vote" by which the people can elect the candidates for forming an
efficient government to satisfy their needs and requests such that their standard of living can be
improved. Traditional voting methods, while effective, have been plagued with issues such as rigging,
double voting, and inefficiency. To address these challenges, a new approach has been proposed a
Fingerprint-Based Electronic Voting Machine.
The electoral process is a cornerstone of any democratic society. It allows citizens to choose their
representatives and voice their opinions on important issues. However, the traditional voting methods,
which often involve paper ballots or electronic machines, have several limitations. These include
inefficiency due to manual counting of votes, susceptibility to rigging through ballot stuffing or
manipulation of electronic machines, and the possibility of double voting where an individual votes
more than once. These issues not only compromise the integrity of elections but also undermine public
trust in the democratic process.

1.2 Our Idea: Fingerprint-Based Electronic Voting Machine

This system leverages biometric authentication, specifically fingerprint recognition, to identify voters.
Everyone's fingerprint pattern is unique, making it an accurate and reliable method for identification.
During voter registration, the voters’ details and their fingerprints are stored in a database. When a
voter wishes to vote, they place their finger on the polling booth’s module, which captures an
impression of their finger for identification.
The captured fingerprint is then sent to the controlling unit for verification. The system retrieves the
voter’s information and compares it with the data stored during the registration process. If the data
matches, the voter is allowed to vote. This ensures that a voter can only vote once, thereby preventing
double voting.

1.3 Objective of Our Idea

The primary objective of this system is to enhance the security, accuracy, and speed of the voting
process. By using biometrics, it aims to prevent rigging and make the process more efficient than
traditional methods. This report will delve into the various components of a fingerprint-based
electronic voting machine, its advantages over conventional methods, and potential challenges in its
implementation
 2. COMPONENTS REQUIRED

2.1 Arduino UNO

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform that’s based on easy-to-use hardware and software. It’s
used for building electronics projects and consists of both a physically programmable circuit board
(often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development
Environment), that runs on your computer.

Hardware
Arduino hardware is a programmable circuit board called a microcontroller. One of the main reasons
for Arduino being so accessible and affordable across the globe is because all Arduino hardware is open
source. Arduino offers a range of boards, each of which caters to a different level of expertise and have
different use cases altogether
Features
• Input voltage - 7-12V
• ATmega328 microcontroller
• 14 Digital I/O Pins (6 PWM outputs)
• 6 Analog Inputs
• 32k Flash Memory
• 16MHz Clock Speed

Fig 2.1.1 Arduino

Pin Description
• Arduino can be powered using a power jack or USB port. It can also be powered using an
external battery or AC to DC adaptor through pin Vin 5V, 3.3V: there is an inbuilt regulator on
the board.
• Reset: This helps to reset the micro controller.
• IOREF: This pin acts as a reference to the inputs given to the Arduino board.
• There are 6 pins A0-A5 through which analog inputs can be given to the Arduino board.
 • There are 14 digital pins 0-13. Out of these (3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11) are PWM pins (pulse width
modulation) from which analog output can be taken from the Arduino board.
• There is an inbuilt LED on pin 13.
• Rx, TX: Used to receive and transmit serial data.
• AREF: Acts as reference to the analog inputs.
• ICSP: (In Circuit Serial Programming) These pins enable the user to program the chips on the
circuit

Fig 2.1.2 Arduino Pins

Software
Arduino software is an IDE (integrated development environment) through which developers write and
upload the code to the microcontroller. The Arduino software is easy-to-use for beginners, yet flexible
enough for advanced users. It runs on Mac, Windows, and Linux
Arduino IDE comes with a C/C++ library called “Wiring” that makes many input/output operations
much easier. Arduino programs are written in C/C++, although users only need to define two functions
to make a runnable program:
• Setup () – a function run once at the start of a program which can initialize settings.
• Loop () – a function called repeatedly until the board powers off.

2.2 R307 Optical Fingerprint Reader Sensor

The fingerprint sensor is a critical component of the Arduino-based fingerprint voting machine. This
sensor is responsible for capturing and verifying the unique fingerprint patterns of voters to ensure
secure and accurate identification. This is a capacitive fingerprint sensor with fingerprint collecting,
processing, storing, and comparison integrated all-in-one. Taking ID809 high-performance processor
and semiconductor fingerprint sensor as the core, the sensor is equipped with built-in IDfinger6.0
fingerprint algorithms that enable it to complete all the fingerprint recognition independently.
This fingerprint sensor comes with round breathing LEDs and has a simple structure, small size, and
delicate appearance. The sensor offers fast recognition speed and high security.
Compared with SEN0348 Capacitive Fingerprint Sensor/Scanner, this module adopts Gravity interfaces
that make it easier to connect. In addition, it is 3.3V and 5V compliant and supports I2C communication,
which is very suitable for working with controllers like UNO, micro: bit, and so on.

Fig 2.2.1 R307 Fingerprint Sensor

Specification
• Model: R307
• Sensor Type: Optical
• Fingerprint Capacity: Up to 1000 templates
• Image Resolution: 500 DPI
• Interface: UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter)
• Operating Voltage: 3.6V - 6.0V (typically 5V)
• Working current: 100mA
• False Acceptance Rate (FAR): < 0.001%
• False Rejection Rate (FRR): < 0.1%
• Response Time: < 1 second

2.3 16x2 LCD display with I2C Modules

The term LCD stands for liquid crystal display. It is one kind of electronic display module used in an
extensive range of applications like various circuits & devices like mobile phones, calculators,
computers, TV sets, etc. These displays are mainly preferred for multi-segment light-emitting
diodes and seven segments. The main benefits of using this module are inexpensive; simply
programmable, animations, and there are no limitations for displaying custom characters, special and
even animations, etc.

The 16×2 LCD pinout is shown below.

• Pin1 (Ground/Source Pin): This is a GND pin of display, used to connect the GND terminal of the
microcontroller unit or power source.
• Pin2 (VCC/Source Pin): This is the voltage supply pin of the display, used to connect the supply
pin of the power source.
• Pin3 (V0/VEE/Control Pin): This pin regulates the difference of the display, used to connect a
changeable POT that can supply 0 to 5V.
 • Pin4 (Register Select/Control Pin): This pin toggles among command or data register, used to
connect a microcontroller unit pin and obtains either 0 or 1(0 = data mode, and 1 = command
mode).
• Pin5 (Read/Write/Control Pin): This pin toggles the display among the read or writes operation,
and it is connected to a microcontroller unit pin to get either 0 or 1 (0 = Write Operation, and 1
= Read Operation).
• Pin 6 (Enable/Control Pin): This pin should be held high to execute Read/Write process,
• Pins 7-14 (Data Pins): These pins are used to send data to the display. These pins are connected
in two-wire modes like 4-wire mode and 8-wire mode. In 4-wire mode, only four pins are
connected to the microcontroller unit like 0 to 3, whereas in 8-wire mode, 8-pins are connected
to microcontroller unit like 0 to 7.
• Pin15 (+ve pin of the LED): This pin is connected to +5V
• Pin 16 (-ve pin of the LED): This pin is connected to GND.

Fig 2.3.1 16x2 LCD Display with I2C Module

2.4 5V Passive Buzzer

In our project the buzzer is used for beeping sound indicating the entry of vote or indicating if a person
trying to do a duplicate vote. This is a Small PCB Mountable 5V Passive Buzzer. It is great to add Audio
Alert to your electronic designs. It operates on 5V supply, uses a coil element to generate an audible
tone.
Important: This is a Passive buzzer and not an Active Buzzer, meaning you need external circuits to
make the buzzer beep. Connecting it to power directly will not work. You can check out Active
buzzer for direct beeping.
Specification:
• Input Voltage (Max.): 5V
• Resistance: 42 Ω
• Resonance Frequency: 2048 Hz
• Body Size: 12 x 8mm

An audio signaling device like a beeper or buzzer may be electromechanical or piezoelectric or

mechanical type. The main function of this is to convert the signal from audio to sound. Generally, it is
powered through DC voltage and used in timers, alarm devices, printers, alarms, computers, etc. Based
on the various designs, it can generate different sounds like alarms, music, bell & siren.
The pin configuration of the buzzer is shown below. It includes two pins namely positive and negative.
The positive terminal of this is represented with the ‘+’ symbol or a longer terminal. This terminal is
powered through 6Volts whereas the negative terminal is represented with the ‘- ‘symbol or short
terminal and it is connected to the GND terminal.

Fig 2.4.1 Passive Buzzer

2.5 Other Components Used

• Resistors 1k ohm
• Tactile Push Button Switch
• Jumper wires
• Breadboard
 3. METHODOLOGY
This project used three major steps to implement project starting from planning, implementing and
testing the part done

3.1 Planning
Planning is done in three steps:
1. Identification of the Problem
2. Research
3. Component and System Selection

3.1.1 Identification of the Problem

Different electronic voting machines have already been introduced to enhance the election process.
From the beginning, they were questionable because the technologists as well as the community noticed
that they are losing their control through an essential part of the election process. It is obvious that a
great voting machine signifies a crucial component of a good democracy.
Even though most critical systems are regularly examined and analyzed for security and correctness,
electronic voting machine aren't exposed to the same level of analysis. A variety of latest research have
indicated that most or all the electronic voting machines getting used these days are fatally defective,
and that their quality didn’t fit the importance of the task they should conduct. From this point of view
the most important task in creating and developing this project is to develop, enhance and improve the
protection and the security of the voting system. This can be achieved by improving the safety measures
by considering a variety of security actions and avoiding the mistakes existing in previous machines.

3.1.2 Research
At this stage we planned the project’s resources and requirements, literature studies and schedule and
the way the project proceeds. All the materials were collected from journals, texts book and blogs
gathered from libraries and the Internet.
Within the data collection period we studied in a detail manner about the Arduino and Fingerprint
Sensor on the Internet and did research about the project. Once we were done with the literature study,
we tried to find out the accessibility the electronic components and other materials to be used in project
in the Indian market so that it does not hinder the progress in the future.
While planning, we did research about the project, which includes study about the electronic
components used such as Arduino and fingerprint module and values of various resistors attached to
it. The study is not just about the functions of various devices but also their working by attaching them
in independent circuits to understand their working effectively.

3.1.3 Component and System Selection

To make the report more professional the desired system specification will be described as well as the
recommended hardware component in addition to the software will be used.

3.1.3(A) Hardware Requirement

Below is the list of the entire electronic components and the other materials required.
• Arduino UNO
• R307 Optical Fingerprint Reader Sensor Module
• 16x2 LCD with I2C module
• Push Button Switch (6x6x5)
• Passive Buzzer (5v)
• Breadboard
 • Resistor (1 kΩ)
• Jumper Wires

3.1.3(B) Software Requirement

• Arduino Software
Installing: Using access of the internet, there are step-by-step directions and procedure about the
software available at: http://Arduino.cc/en/Main/Software or using the USB stick in the kit2 has
the software under the Software Directory, it can be downloaded from there. There are two
directories under that one is for “Windows” and the other is “Mac OS X”. If you are installing onto
Linux, you will need to follow the directions at: http://Arduino.cc/en/Main/Software or you can
use the terminal.
• Arduino Libraries
o Adafruit Fingerprint Sensor Library
o Liquid Crystal

3.2 Implementation
The implementation of the project is done by designing the system by making a flowchart of the
process and then constructing it.

Fig 3.2.1 Block Diagram of Fingerprint base Electronic Voting Machine

Construction
We construct the system according to the following circuit diagram.

Fig 3.2.2 Circuit Diagram of Fingerprint base Electronic Voting Machine

According to the given Circuit diagram we made our model.

 Fig 3.2.3 Fingerprint base Electronic Voting Machine

3.3 Testing
After mounting the components on breadboard, we need to test the continuity track of the circuit. This
part of the job is to ensure that the operation of this circuit will run smoothly. The tools related to the
checking part are multimeter and the continuity checking involves every circuit track and the points of
soldering. By using the multimeter, it will alert the failed continuity. The failed continuity will recover
with the solder again the lack of components related.
 4. SOFTWARE
Arduino IDE:
The whole purpose of the "Arduino Platform" is to permit for simple and quick prototyping. having the
ability to simply attach a show and be ready to display messages thereon in a very matter of minutes,
rather than hours, simply surprisingly powerful and convenient once you have a concept in your head
and just need to visualize if it works. When you want additional management and are literally thinking
on changing your epitome into a true product, then yes, you would like to urge at heart into the
microcontroller and obtain eliminate all the surplus fat, trim the circuit to simply the clean bones,
optimize the code and build them simply graspable etc. For prototyping, the Arduino platform provides
you loads of pre-wiring and free code libraries that may allow you to consider testing your plan rather
than payment some time building supporting electronic equipment or writing plenty of low-level code.
Since the beginning of the Arduino, it's not a microcontroller any longer however a scheme and setting
that is ported to completely different architectures. The key benefits to my information are:
• Debugging: The Arduino atmosphere give best debugging atmosphere that is cross-platform
and is accepted by each member of the family.
• No technologist or selling flash by dirty ways that, with most of the businesses already providing
on-board computer program still compared to tons of microcontroller (8051) transfer may be
a click away.
• When you do not ought to take datasheet out and figure what the design is what area unit the
addresses of the microcontroller to write down straightforward functions like delay or
interrupt.
• Style of the board is extremely fastidiously crafted for beginners be it retard Switch or ISP
header to the polarity of power; the possibilities are steep that you simply would be blow it.
• Peripherals and standard Design: Arduino system has fantastic standard design, you'll merely add the already
designed shields to the board with none wire, simply plug and play with peripherals like motor defend,
Bluetooth defend, Wi-Fi and what not already created
• Libraries: plenty of libraries and IC's have already been designed for a similar that is crucial plenty of times.

The fingerprint identification algorithm has been translated into code and simulated using Arduino IDE.
Different programing techniques have been used during the simulation process of the fingerprint voting
system. This system is a functioning base system which means it is a combination of functions and all
these functions work together to perform the desired task.
Flowchart:
Program:

#include <Adafruit_Fingerprint.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);
SoftwareSerial mySerial(2, 3);
const int buttonPin1 = 4;
const int buttonPin2 = 5;
const int buttonPin3 = 7;
const int buzzer = 8;
int buttonState1 = 0;
int buttonState2 = 0;
int buttonState3 = 0;
Adafruit_Fingerprint finger = Adafruit_Fingerprint(&mySerial);
int id =0,previous_voter_id = 0, vote_taken = 0;
int result;
int party_1_count=0,party_2_count=0,party_3_count=0,party_4_count=0;
String winner_name = "";
void setup()
{
pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
pinMode(buttonPin1, INPUT);
pinMode(buttonPin2, INPUT);
pinMode(buttonPin3, INPUT);
lcd.begin();
lcd.backlight();
Serial.begin(9600);
while (!Serial);
delay(100);
Serial.println("\n\nAdafruit finger detect test");

// set the data rate for the sensor serial port

finger.begin(57600);

if (finger. verifyPassword()) {
Serial.println("Found fingerprint sensor!");
} else {
Serial.println("Did not find fingerprint sensor :(");
while (1) { delay(1); }
}

finger.getTemplateCount();
Serial.print("Sensor contains "); Serial.print(finger.templateCount); Serial.println(" templates");
Serial.println("Waiting for valid finger...");
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Smart Electronic");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Voting Machine");
delay(3000);
}

void loop()
{
vote_taken = 0;
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Please place your");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("finger");
delay(100);
id = getFingerprintIDez();
if(id > 0)
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Your Voter ID");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(id);
delay(2000);
if(id==11)
{
if((party_3_count > party_2_count) && (party_3_count > party_1_count))
{
winner_name ="CSE wins";
}
else if((party_1_count > party_2_count) && (party_1_count > party_3_count))
{
winner_name = "ECE wins";
}
else if((party_2_count > party_1_count) && (party_2_count > party_3_count))
{
winner_name = "EE wins";
}
else
{
winner_name = "Need re-election";
}
Serial.println(result);
Serial.println("Election Result");
Serial.println(winner_name);
while(1);
}
if(previous_voter_id != id)
{
do
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Give Your vote");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Press Button");
delay(500);
previous_voter_id = id;
buttonState1 = digitalRead(buttonPin1);
delay(10);
buttonState2 = digitalRead(buttonPin2);
delay(10);
buttonState3 = digitalRead(buttonPin3);
delay(10);
if (buttonState1 == HIGH)
 {
party_1_count = party_1_count +1;
vote_taken = 1;
}
else if(buttonState2 == HIGH)
{
party_2_count = party_2_count +1;
vote_taken = 1;
}
else if(buttonState3 == HIGH)
{
party_3_count = party_3_count +1;
vote_taken = 1;
}
else
{
vote_taken = 0;
}
if(vote_taken == 1)
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Thanks for your");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("vote");
delay(200);
digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
delay(1000);
}
}while(vote_taken == 0);
}
else
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Duplicate Vote");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("buzzer on");
delay(2000);
digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
delay(1000);
}
}
}
uint8_t getFingerprintID() {
uint8_t p = finger.getImage();
switch (p) {
case FINGERPRINT_OK:
Serial.println("Image taken");
break;
case FINGERPRINT_NOFINGER:
Serial.println("No finger detected");
return p;
case FINGERPRINT_PACKETRECIEVEERR:
Serial.println("Communication error");
return p;
case FINGERPRINT_IMAGEFAIL:
Serial.println("Imaging error");
return p;
default:
Serial.println("Unknown error");
return p;
}
p = finger.image2Tz();
switch (p) {
case FINGERPRINT_OK:
Serial.println("Image converted");
break;
case FINGERPRINT_IMAGEMESS:
Serial.println("Image too messy");
return p;
case FINGERPRINT_PACKETRECIEVEERR:
Serial.println("Communication error");
return p;
case FINGERPRINT_FEATUREFAIL:
Serial.println("Could not find fingerprint features");
return p;
case FINGERPRINT_INVALIDIMAGE:
Serial.println("Could not find fingerprint features");
return p;
default:
Serial.println("Unknown error");
return p;
}
p = finger.fingerFastSearch();
if (p == FINGERPRINT_OK) {
Serial.println("Found a print match!");
} else if (p == FINGERPRINT_PACKETRECIEVEERR) {
Serial.println("Communication error");
return p;
} else if (p == FINGERPRINT_NOTFOUND) {
Serial.println("Did not find a match");
return p;
} else {
Serial.println("Unknown error");
return p;
}
Serial.print("Found ID #"); Serial.print(finger.fingerID);
Serial.print(" with confidence of "); Serial.println(finger.confidence);
 return finger.fingerID;
}
// returns -1 if failed, otherwise returns ID #
int getFingerprintIDez() {
uint8_t p = finger.getImage();
if (p != FINGERPRINT_OK) return -1;

p = finger.image2Tz();
if (p != FINGERPRINT_OK) return -1;

p = finger.fingerFastSearch();
if (p != FINGERPRINT_OK) return -1;

Serial.print("Found ID #"); Serial.print(finger.fingerID);

Serial.print(" with confidence of "); Serial.println(finger.confidence);
return finger.fingerID;
}

4.1 Output
After the successful implementation of the desired result the final code is burned into the Arduino board
and the output is analyzed.
The Output in LCD screen and Arduino Serial Monitor with the procedure is given as follow:
Experimental results:
The developed paradigm has been tested underneath totally different in operation conditions. The work
is completed within the sequence begin from the primary stage that is pre-processing. The results of
pre-processing stage are displayed on Serial Monitor. The system is programmed to show 3 statements
in making the database. initial it shows, R 307 module is connected properly or not. when inserting
identical finger twice on optical sensor of module it shows, each fingerprint is matched properly or not.
when matching the fingerprints serial monitor displayed, templates are kept or not. alternative
outcomes and directions associated with identification, verification and mechanical device are showed
on 16 x 2 liquid crystal display and serial monitor each.
 Fig 4.1.1 Arduino Serial Monitor

When finger is placed on fingerprint module throughout the method of Identification and verification,
then serial monitor shows the name of example that is matched with placed finger and additionally
provides the arrogance level supported trivialities points matched. If user has not voted, then only vote
is allowed to the user otherwise not permissible for ballot. when the method of verification, ballot is to
be done and also the liquid crystal display is employed to point out that the vote given by the user goes
to that candidate when pressing the vote button (IR sensor).

Enrollment:

Fig 4.1.2 Display Output 1

Matching with database:

The eligibility of an elector to vote is proscribed to just one time for one balloting session, because the system is meant
to deny balloting by aborting access to vote for constant finger image over once. The portion of the code that checks the
standing of elector either has already voted or not is outlined within the void loop. The standing is 49 monitored by flag
register, once the vote is casted the flag is assigned to zero whole number, therefore if constant user tries to vote for
second time the flag value is evaluated before authorizing vote access to vote, and if flag has worth one, the procedure
is aborted. Thus, the authenticity of the system is maintained.

Fig 4.1.2 Display Output 2

Verification is that the method to visualize whether or not the user is valid for vote or not. One to at
least one matching (1:1) is performed during this method . It also can monitor that elector has voted
once or a lot of. more than one vote by a similar candidate isn't allowed during this system. when
identification, initial it's checked that the user has voted or not. If user has not voted then solely vote is
allowed. during this method, what percentage item points area unit matched is additionally checked.
This shows the arrogance level of matching throughout verification.

Fig 4.1.3 Display Output 3

Result:
After the method of verification pick is allowed to the user. within the method of election, mechanical
device is made with the assistance of Infrared sensor and liquid crystal display screen. Push buttons is
employed by the user to grant vote to the candidate. Arduino AT Mega 2560 microcontroller board is
employed for the programming of voting machine. One IR detector is allotted to every candidate who is
contesting the election. once IR sensor is ironed for pick then IR detector assures that pick is with
success done. At an equivalent time, liquid crystal display indicates that the casted vote by the user goes
to that explicit candidate. All the votes are individually supplemental per the candidates. One button is
additionally allotted to show the results.

Fig 4.1.4 Final Output

 5. CONCLUSION

A privacy protected fingerprint-based voting machine is developed in this paper. biometric

authentication and verification through fingerprint templates are with success exhausted this image.
credibility of the elector is additionally monitored with the confidence level supported trivialities
matching. prohibited ballot by the invalid elector is eliminated. The developed system is additionally
programmed to calculate the results of option. Hence, the projected system can execute an electronic
voting machine with security and privacy.
Biometric identification and verification are one among the secure strategies, victimization these
strategies the mechanical device results have been taken. The voter’s figure has registered with success,
so citizens are eligible to vote. Therefore, the developed model of fingerprint electronic voting machine
can be executed with security and privacy. For biometric verification fingerprint is employed in this
projected methodology, this may not be applicable for incapacitated and aged persons therefore future
scope of this project are eye recognition rather than fingerprint biometric verification.

5.1 Limitations
• The main issue with the current system is that if the ground and Vcc are connected then it allows
the user to give multiple votes.
• Fingerprint of low resolution (due to improper placement of fingers) makes the process slow
and frustrating
• Also, we haven’t yet created a database in which multiple finger IDs of the user can be taken. The
issue without this is that if by any means the user’s only registered finger is unable to use (for
e.g. He has a cut in that finger) at the time of voting he/she will not be able to vote.

5.2 Future Scope

• It's conjointly attainable to develop a high-resolution fingerprint matching framework that
utilizes three levels of options.
• Making a database to add multiple fingerprints for the user so that it may be easier for them to
use the system
• Upgrading the Fingerprint base EVM to EVM that verifies using face recognition through image
processing.
 6. REFERENCES

[1] Mr. Kalash Srivastava, M.P.S Chawla “Fingerprint based Electronic Voting Machine with Inbuilt
Identification and Verification System (2018)”, journal of Advances in electronic devices, vol.3, no.3,
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[2] A.M. Jagtap, Vishakha Kesara, Anagha speaker” Electronic Voting System using Biometrics,
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[3] Iftekhar Ahammad, Pradip Lal Biswas, jewel Chowdhury, boarder Rahim rishi, Sanjana surah and
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[4] Rahil Rezwan, Huzaifa Ahmed, Samshu, Dabur Rahman,” Biometrically secured electronic voting
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[5] Prabha, Trini, Deepika and Ciara,” A Survey on E-Voting System Arduino software (2016) “,
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[6] Vinaya Chandra, K Geetha Poornima Rajeshwari1, and K Krishna Prasad, “Arduino Based
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[11] https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/fingerprint-based-biometric-voting-
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[12] https://github.com/ssr197/Fingerprint-Based-Voting-System.

[13] https://www.youtube.com/@rahuliot.