Lecture#21 & 22

1. Find the equation of tangent to the circle x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0 at

(x1,y1).

Solution:
Given that,
x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(i)

We find that the tangent at P(x1,y1).

Let Q(x,y) be the any point on tangent.

From (i)
x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0

Where Center = O(-g,-f)

& Radius= √𝑔2 + 𝑓 2 − c

𝑦1 +𝑓
Slop of OP =
𝑥1 +𝑔
𝑦1 −𝑦
Slop of PQ =
𝑥1 −𝑥

Since ∠QPO=900
𝑦 +𝑓 𝑦 −𝑦
∴ ( 1 ) ( 1 )= -1
𝑥1 +𝑔 𝑥1 −𝑥

or y12-yy1+fy1-fy=-(x12-xx1+gx1-gx)

or x12+y12 +gx1+fy1-yy1-xx1-fy-gx=0

or x12+y12+2gx1+2fy1-gx1-fy1-yy1-xx1-fy-gx=0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(ii)

Since (x1,y1) line on the circle

∴ x12+y12+2gx1+2fy1+c=0

∴From (ii)
-yy1-xx1-fy-gx-gx1-fy1-c=0

or -yy1-xx1-g(x+x1)-f(y+y1)-c =0

Md. Belal Hossen Numerical Analysis & Coordinate Geometry-(MATH 462)

Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE
Uttara University
1
 Lecture#21 & 22

which is the required equation of tangent to the circle.

2. Find the condition that the circles

x2+y2+2g1x+2f1y+c1=0 and
x2+y2+2g2x+2f2y+c2=0 cut orthogonally

Solution:
Given circle is
x2+y2+2g1x+2f1y+c1=0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(i)
and x2+y2+2g2x+2f2y+c2=0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(ii)

Let (i)& (ii) cut at P orthogonally, so

The circle of (i) is at O(-g1, -f1)
and the circle of (ii) is at O1 (-g2, -f2)

Again the circle of (i) is OP=√𝑔1 2 + 𝑓1 2 − 𝑐1

and the circle of (ii) is O1P = √𝑔2 2 + 𝑓2 2 − 𝑐2

in triangle OPO1
(OO1)2 = (OP)2+(O1P)2
or (g1+g2)2+(-f1+f2)2= 𝑔1 2 + 𝑓1 2 − 𝑐1 + 𝑔2 2 + 𝑓2 2 − 𝑐2
or 𝑔1 2 +𝑔2 2 -2g1g2+𝑓1 2 + 𝑓2 2 -2f1f2= 𝑔1 2 + 𝑔2 2 + 𝑓1 2 + 𝑓2 2 − 𝑐1 − 𝑐2
or 2g1g2+2f1f2= c1+c2
∴ 2(g1g2+f1f2)= c1+c2which is the required condition.

3. Find the equation of the circle orthogonally to the three circles.

x2+y2+2d1x+2e1y+f1 = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(i)
x2+y2+2d2x+2e2y+f2 = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(ii)
and x2+y2+2d3x+2e3y+f3 = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(ii)
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 𝑥 𝑦 1
−𝑓1 𝑑1 𝑐1 −1
is | 𝑑2 𝑐2 −1| = 0
−𝑓2
−𝑓3 𝑑3 𝑐3 −1

Solution: Let the required circle is

Md. Belal Hossen Numerical Analysis & Coordinate Geometry-(MATH 462)

Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE
Uttara University
2
 Lecture#21 & 22

x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(i)
since it cuts the given circles orthogonally then
2gd1+2fc1-c-f1 = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(ii)
2gd2+2fc2-c-f2 = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(iii)
2gd3+2fc3-c-f3 = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(iv)
Now, elementary 2g, 2f and c from (i),(ii),(iiii)&(iv) we get
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 𝑥 𝑦 1
−𝑓1 𝑑1 𝑐1 −1
| 𝑑2 𝑐2 −1| = 0 (proved)
−𝑓2
−𝑓3 𝑑3 𝑐3 −1

4. Show that general equation of all circles cutting at Right angle the
circles respect by
x2+y2-2a1x-2b1y+c1 = 0
x2+y2-2a2x-2b2y+c2 = 0
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 1
is | 𝑐1 𝑎1 𝑏1 |+ k |𝑎1 𝑏1 1|= 0
𝑐2 𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑎2 𝑏2 1

Solution: The given circles are

x2+y2-2a1x-2b1y+c1 = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(i)
x2+y2-2a2x-2b2y+c2 = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(ii)
Now, consider the circle
x2+y2+2gx+2fy+k = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(iii)
which cuts (i) & (ii) orthogonally, then we get
-2a1g-2b1f=c1+k
or c1+k +2a1g+2b1f=0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(iv)
similarly c2+k +2a2g+2b2f=0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(v)
eliminating 2g & 2f from (iii), (iv) & (v), we get
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 𝑥 𝑦 𝑘 𝑥 𝑦
| 𝑐1 𝑎1 𝑏1 | + |𝑘 𝑎1 𝑏1 | = 0
𝑐2 𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑘 𝑎2 𝑏2
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 1
or | 𝑐1 𝑎1 𝑏1 | + k |𝑎1 𝑏1 1|= 0 (Proved)
𝑐2 𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑎2 𝑏2 1

Md. Belal Hossen Numerical Analysis & Coordinate Geometry-(MATH 462)

Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE
Uttara University
3
 Lecture#21 & 22

5. The condition that the circle

x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c = 0
x2+y2+2g’x+2f’y+c’ = 0
should touch is
(2gg’+2ff’-c-c’)2=4(g2+f2-c)(g’2+f’2-c’)
Solution: Given that
x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c = 0- - - - - - - - - - - - -(i)
and x2+y2+2g’x+2f’y+c’ = 0- - - - - - - - - - - - -(i)

the center of (i) is at (-g, -f)

and the center of (ii) is at (-g’, -f’)

again the radius of (i) is √𝑔2 + 𝑓 2 − 𝑐

2 2
and the radius of (ii) is √𝑔′ + 𝑓 ′ − 𝑐 ′
if these two circles touch each other than
2 2
√(−𝑔 + 𝑔′ )2 + (−𝑓 + 𝑓 ′ )2 = √𝑔2 + 𝑓 2 − 𝑐±√𝑔′ + 𝑓 ′ − 𝑐 ′
2 2
or g2+g’2-2gg’+f2+f’2-2ff’=g2+f2-c+g’2+f’2-c’±2√𝑔2 + 𝑓 2 − 𝑐 √𝑔′ + 𝑓 ′ − 𝑐 ′
2 2
or -2gg’-2ff’+c+c’ = ±2√𝑔2 + 𝑓 2 − 𝑐 √𝑔′ + 𝑓 ′ − 𝑐 ′
2 2
or -(2gg’+2ff’-c-c’) = ±2√𝑔2 + 𝑓 2 − 𝑐 √𝑔′ + 𝑓 ′ − 𝑐 ′
or (2gg’+2ff’-c-c’)2=4(g2+f2-c)(g’2+f’2-c’) (Showed )

6. Prove that the two circles

x2+y2+2ax+c2=0
and x2+y2+2by+c2=0
1 1 1
touch if 2
+ 2= 2
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐

Solution: Given that

x2+y2+2ax+c2=0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(i)
and x2+y2+2by+c2=0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(ii)

the center of (i) is at (0, -b)

and the center of (ii) is at (-a, 0)

Md. Belal Hossen Numerical Analysis & Coordinate Geometry-(MATH 462)

Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE
Uttara University
4
 Lecture#21 & 22

again the radius of (i) is√𝑎2 − 𝑐 2

and the radius of (ii) is√𝑏2 − 𝑐 2
if these two circles touch each other than
√(−𝑎 + 0)2 + (0 + 𝑏)2 = √𝑎2 − 𝑐 2 ±√𝑏2 − 𝑐 2
or a2+b2=a2-c2+b2-c2±2√(𝑎2 − 𝑐 2 )(𝑏2 − 𝑐 2 )
or 2c2= ±2√(𝑎2 − 𝑐 2 )(𝑏2 − 𝑐 2 )
or c4 = (𝑎2 − 𝑐 2 )(𝑏2 − 𝑐 2 )
or c4 = (𝑎2 𝑏2 − 𝑎2 𝑐 2 − 𝑏2 𝑐 2 + 𝑐 4
1 1 1
or a2b2 = a2c2+b2c2= 2 + 2 = 2 (Proved)
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐

7. X2+y2=a2 the equation of that chord is xx1+yy1=x12+y12

Solution: Let the equation of the chord be

𝑥 − 𝑥1 𝑦 − 𝑦1
= =𝑟
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
Being its inclination to the axis and r the allegorical distance of (x, y) from (x1, y1)
Substitute x=x1+rcosθ, y=y1+rsinθ into the equation of the circle.
∴ (x1+rcosθ)2+(y1+rsinθ)2=a2
∴ r2+2r(x1cosθ+y1sinθ)2+x12+y12-a2 = 0

Now since (x1, y1) is the middle point of the chord the values of r furnished by this
equation must be equal in magnitude and opposite in sign.
∴ x1cosθ+y1sinθ = 0
or x1cosθ = -y1sinθ

therefore the equation of the chord is

𝑥 − 𝑥1 𝑦 − 𝑦1
(x1 cosθ) = (−y1 sinθ)
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
that is xx1+yy1=x12+y12

8. Find the equation of the polar to the circle x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c = 0 with

respect to the pole (x1, y1)

Md. Belal Hossen Numerical Analysis & Coordinate Geometry-(MATH 462)

Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE
Uttara University
5
 Lecture#21 & 22

Solution: Let P(x1, y1) be any point outside the chord AB drawn through P and
the tangents at A & B meet at T(h, k).

Clearly AB is the chord of contact of the tangents drawn from T(h, k).

Therefore the equation of AB is

xh+yk+g(x+h)+f(y+k)+c = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(i)
the equation (i) passes through (x1, y1) then
x1h+y1k+g(x1+h)+f(y1+k)+c = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(ii)
Hence the locus of T is
xx1+yy1+g(x1+h)+f(y1+k)+c = 0
Which is the equation of the polar.

9. The equation of the circumscribing the triangle formed by the lines

Ax+By+c = 0, A’x+B’y+c’ = 0, A’’c+B’’y+c’’ = 0 is
𝑨𝟐 + 𝑩𝟐
𝑨 𝑩
| 𝑨𝒙 + 𝑩𝒚 + 𝒄 |
𝑨′𝟐 + 𝑩′𝟐
𝑨′ 𝑩′ = 𝟎
𝑨′𝒙 + 𝑩′𝒚 + 𝒄′
| 𝑨′′𝟐 + 𝑩′′𝟐 |
𝑨′′ 𝑩′′
𝑨′′𝒙 + 𝑩′′𝒚 + 𝒄′′

Solution: Any curve passes through the point of intersection of the given lines is
P(Ax+By+c)(A’x+B’y+c’)+Q(A’x+B’y+c’)(A’’c+B’’y+c’’)
+R(A’’c+B’’y+c’’)(Ax+By+c) = 0 - - - -(i)
It is represents a circle, then the coefficient of xy=0
Hence we get
P(AA’+BB’)+Q(A’A’’+B’B’’)+R(A’’A+B’’B) = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - (ii)
and P(AB’+A’B)=+Q(A’B’’+A’’B’)+R(A’’B+AB’’) = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - (iii)

Dividing (i) by (Ax+By+c)(A’x+B’y+c’)(A’’c+B’’y+c’’) we get

𝑃 𝑄 𝑅
+ + = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - (iv)
𝐴′′𝑥+𝐵′′𝑦+𝑐 ′′ 𝐴𝑥+𝐵𝑦+𝑐 𝐴′𝑥+𝐵′ 𝑦+𝑐 ′

Eliminating P, Q & R from (ii), (iii) & (iv) we get

Md. Belal Hossen Numerical Analysis & Coordinate Geometry-(MATH 462)

Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE
Uttara University
6
 Lecture#21 & 22

1
𝐴𝐴′ − 𝐵𝐵′ 𝐴𝐵′ + 𝐴′𝐵
𝐴′′ 𝑥+𝐵′′ 𝑌+𝑐 ′′
| 1
| 𝐴′ 𝐴′′ − 𝐵′𝐵′′ 𝐴′ 𝐵′′ + 𝐴′′𝐵′|| = 0
𝐴𝑥+𝐵𝑌+𝑐
1
𝐴′′ 𝐵 − 𝐵′′𝐵 𝐴′′ 𝐵 + 𝐴𝐵′′
𝐴′ 𝑥+𝐵′ 𝑌+𝑐 ′

1 2
or (𝐴′ 𝐴′′ 𝐵 + 𝐴𝐴′ 𝐴′′ 𝐵′′ − 𝐵𝐵′ 𝐵′′ 𝐴′′ − 𝐴𝐵′ 𝐵′′ − 𝐴𝐴′ 𝐴′′ 𝐵′′ −
𝐴′′𝑥+𝐵′′𝑌+𝑐 ′′
2
𝐴′ 𝐴′′2 𝐵′ + 𝐴′ 𝐵𝐵′′ + 𝐵𝐵′ 𝐵′′ 𝐴′′ )
1
+ (𝐴2 𝐴′′ 𝐵 ′ + 𝐴𝐴′ 𝐴′′ 𝐵′′ − 𝐴𝐵𝐵′ 𝐵′′ − 𝐴′𝐵2 𝐵′′ − 𝐴𝐴′ 𝐴′′ 𝐵 − 𝐴2 𝐴′𝐵′′
𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑌 + 𝐶
+ 𝐴′′ 𝐵2 𝐵 ′ + 𝐴𝐵𝐵′ 𝐵′′ )
1 2 2
+ ′ ′ ′
(𝐴′ 𝐴′ 𝐵′′ + 𝐴𝐴′ 𝐴′′ 𝐵′ − 𝐵𝐵′ 𝐵 ′′ 𝐴′ − 𝐵𝐵′ 𝐴′′ − 𝐴𝐴′ 𝐴′′ 𝐵′
𝐴𝑥+𝐵𝑌+𝑐
2
− 𝐴′ 𝐴′′ 𝐵 + 𝐴′ 𝐵𝐵′ 𝐵′′
2
+ 𝐴𝐵′ 𝐵′′ ) = 0
𝐴2 +𝐵2
𝐴 𝐵
𝐴𝑥+𝐵𝑦+𝑐
| 𝐴′2 +𝐵′2 |
or 𝐴′ 𝐵′ = 0 (Proved)
| 𝐴′𝑥+𝐵′𝑦+𝑐′ |
𝐴′′2 +𝐵′′2
𝐴′′ 𝐵′′
𝐴′′𝑥+𝐵′′𝑦+𝑐′′

10. If two circles cut a third circle orthogonally, the radial axis of the
two circles passes through the center of the third circle.

Solution: Considering the three circles

x2+y2+2g1x+2f1y+c1=0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(i)
x2+y2+2g2x+2f2y+c2=0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(ii)
and x2+y2+2g2x+2f2y+c2=0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(iii)
since (i) & (ii) are cut (iii)orthogonally, then we get
2g1g3+2f1f3-c1-c3 = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(iv)
2g2g3+2f2f3-c2-c3 = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(v)
Subtracting (v) from (vi), we get
2(g1-g2)g3+2(f1-f2)f3+c2-c1 = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(vi)
The radial axis of (i) & (ii) is

Md. Belal Hossen Numerical Analysis & Coordinate Geometry-(MATH 462)

Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE
Uttara University
7
 Lecture#21 & 22

2(g1-g2)x+2(f1-f2)y+c1-c2 = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -(vii)
The center of (iii) is (-g3, -f3) through which the radial axes passes
∴ -2(g1-g2)g3-2(f1-f2)f3+c1-c2 = 0
or 2(g1-g2)g3+2(f1-f2)f3+c2-c1 = 0 which is same as (vi)
Hence the radial axis passes through the center of third circle. (Proved)

11.Show that if two points are conjugate with respect to a circle the
square of the distance between them is equal to the sum of the
squares of the tangents from them to the circle.

Solution:Let (x1, y1) x2, y2) be conjugate points with respect to the circle x2+y2=a2
∴ x1x2+y1y2=a2- - - - - - - - - - - - -(i)
Now square of the distance between the two points is
d2 = (x1-x2)2+(y1-y2)2
= x12+x22+y12+x22-2(x1x2+y1y)2
= x12+x22+y12+x22-2a2 [From (i)]
The length of the tangents from(x1, y1) & (x2, y2) are √𝑥1 2 + 𝑦1 2 − 𝑎2 and
√𝑥2 2 + 𝑦2 2 − 𝑎2 respectively,
Now sum of squares of the tangents is
2 2
(√𝑥1 2 + 𝑦1 2 − 𝑎2 ) +(√𝑥2 2 + 𝑦2 2 − 𝑎2 )
= 𝑥1 2 +𝑦1 2 +𝑥2 2 +𝑦2 2 -2a
= d2 (Proved)

12.The straight line lx+ng=1 meets the line ax2+2hxy+by2 = 0 & the
point P & Q show that the equation of the circle described on PQ as
diameter is (x2+y2)(am2-2hlm+bl2)-2x(bl-hm)-2y(am-hl)+(a+b) = 0

Solution: Let ax2+2hxy+by2 = 0 represent two lines

y = m1x - - - - - - - - - - - - - (i)
and y = m2x - - - - - - - - - - - - - (ii)
∴ m1+m2 = -2h/b
and m1m2 = a/b

Md. Belal Hossen Numerical Analysis & Coordinate Geometry-(MATH 462)

Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE
Uttara University
8
 Lecture#21 & 22

we have, lx+my-1 = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (iii)

using (i) & (iii), we get
lx+mm1x-1 = 0
1
or x=
𝑙+mm1

Now from (i) we get

𝑚1
y=
𝑙+mm1
Hence the point of intersection of (i) & (iii) is
1 𝑚1
P( + )
𝑙+mm1 𝑙+mm1
Similarly the point of intersection of (ii) & (iii) is
1 𝑚1
Q( + )
𝑙+mm2 𝑙+mm2
The equation of the circle described on PQ as diameter is
1 1 𝑚1 𝑚2
(𝑥 − ) (𝑥 − ) + (𝑦 − ) + (𝑦 − )=0
𝑙+mm1 𝑙+mm2 𝑙+mm1 𝑙+mm2
2 1 1 1 2 𝑚 𝑚2
or 𝑥 − ( + ) 𝑥 + ((𝑙+mm )+ 𝑦 −( 1 + )𝑦 +
𝑙+mm1 𝑙+mm2 1 )(𝑙+mm2 ) 𝑙+mm1 𝑙+mm2
𝑚1 𝑚2
((𝑙+mm )=0
1 )(𝑙+mm2 )

2𝑙+𝑚(𝑚1 𝑚2 ) 1
or 𝑥 2 − | 2 | 𝑥 + ((𝑙2 ) + 𝑦2 −
𝑙 +𝑙𝑚(𝑚1+ 𝑚2 )+𝑚2 𝑚1 𝑚2 +𝑙𝑚(m1 +m2 )+𝑚2 𝑚1 𝑚2
𝑙(𝑚1 +𝑚2 )+2𝑚𝑚1 𝑚2 𝑚1 𝑚2
|2 | 𝑦 + ((𝑙2 )=0
𝑙 +𝑙𝑚(𝑚1+ 𝑚2 )+𝑚2 𝑚1 𝑚2 +𝑙𝑚(m1 +m2 )+𝑚2 𝑚1 𝑚2
2h
2𝑙+𝑚(− ) 1
2 b
or 𝑥 − | 2h 𝑚2 𝑎
|𝑥 + ( 2h 𝑚2 𝑎
)+
𝑙 2 +𝑙𝑚(− )+ (𝑙 2 +𝑙𝑚(− )+
b 𝑏 b 𝑏
𝑙(−2ℎ/𝑏) + 2𝑚𝑎/𝑏 𝑎/𝑏
𝑦2 − | | 𝑦 + ( )=0
𝑙2 + 𝑙𝑚(−2h/b) + 𝑚2 𝑎/𝑏 (𝑙2 + 𝑙𝑚(−2h/b) + 𝑚2 𝑎/𝑏
2𝑙𝑏+2ℎ𝑚 𝑏 2𝑎𝑚−2ℎ𝑙
or 𝑥 2 − 2 2
𝑥+ 2 2
+ 𝑦2 − 2 2
𝑦+
𝑏𝑙 +2ℎ𝑙𝑚+𝑎𝑚 𝑏𝑙 −2ℎ𝑙𝑚+𝑎𝑚 𝑏𝑙 −2ℎ𝑙𝑚+𝑎𝑚
𝑎
=0
𝑏𝑙 2 −2ℎ𝑙𝑚+𝑎𝑚2
2 2 2 2
or (𝑏𝑙 − 2ℎ𝑙𝑚 + 𝑎𝑚 )(x +y )-2(bl-hm)x-2(ma-nx)y+a+b = 0
or (x2+y2)(𝑎𝑚2 − 2ℎ𝑙𝑚 + 𝑏𝑙 2 ) −2x(bl-hm)-2y(ma-nx)+a+b = 0
(Proved)

13.Prove that the polar of the point (p, q) with respect to the circle
x2+y2 = a2 touched

Md. Belal Hossen Numerical Analysis & Coordinate Geometry-(MATH 462)

Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE
Uttara University
9
 Lecture#21 & 22

(x-c)2+(y-d)2 = b2 if
b2(p2+q2) = (a2-cp-dp)2

Solution: Given circles are

x2+y2=a2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (i)
and (x-c)2+(y-d)2=b2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (ii)
Now, the equation of the polar at (p, q) with respect to (i) is
px+qy=a2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (ii)
the center of (ii) is (c, d) and radial = b
if (iii) touches (ii) then
𝑎2 −𝑐𝑝−𝑑𝑝
=𝑏
√𝑝2 +𝑞2
or (a2-cp-dp) = b2(p2+q2) (Proved)

14.Find the equation of chord of contact of the tangent from (x1, y1) to
the circle x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0
Solution: Let P(x1, y1) be any point outside of the circle
x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c = 0
And TP, T’P be the two tangents drawn from P to the circle at
T(x2, y2) and T’(x3, y3) then TT’ will be the chord of the contact

Now the equation of tangent to the circle at T(x2, y2) is

xx2+yy2+g(x+x2)+f(y+y2)+c = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (i)
Again the equation of tangent to the circle at T(x3, y3) is
xx3+yy3+g(x+x3)+f(y+y3)+c = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (ii)

the equation (i) & (ii) pass through T(), then

x1x2+y1y2+g(x1+x2)+f(y1+y2)+c = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (iii)
and x1x3+y1y3+g(x1+x3)+f(y1+y3)+c = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (iv)
from (iii) & (iv) we can contact that the line
xx1+yy1+g(x+x1)+f(y+y1)+c = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (v)
Passes through the points T(x2, y2) and T’(x3, y3) thus (v) is the equation of chord
of contact.

Md. Belal Hossen Numerical Analysis & Coordinate Geometry-(MATH 462)

Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE
Uttara University
10
 Lecture#21 & 22

15.Find the equation of the chord of the circle x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c =

0interms of its middle point.

Solution: Let T(x1, y1)be the middle point of the chord AB.
Here the center of the circle is at (-g, -f)
Let P(x,y) be any point on AB.
Now
𝑦−𝑦1
slopof TP = and
𝑥−𝑥1
𝑦1 +𝑓
slop of OT =
𝑥1 +𝑔
but TP OT then
𝑦−𝑦1 𝑦 +𝑓
× 1 =0
𝑥−𝑥1 𝑥1 +𝑔
or (𝑦 − 𝑦1 )(𝑦1 + 𝑓) + (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥1 + 𝑔) = 0
or yy1+fy-y12-fy1+xx1+gx-x12-gx1 = 0
or xx1+yy1+gx+gx1+fy+fy1 = x12+y12+2gx1+2fy1
or xx1+yy1+g(x+x1)+f(y+y1) = -c
or xx1+yy1+g(x+x1)+f(y+y1)+c = 0 which is the required equation.

16.Find the equation of radial axis to the circles

x2+y2+2g1x+2f1y+c1 = 0
and x2+y2+2g2x+2f2y+c2 = 0

Solution: Let T(x1, y1) be any point and

And TP, TQ be the two tangents drawn from T to the circle

x2+y2+2g1x+2f1y+c1 = 0 at P & Q such that
TP = TQ
∴ PT = √𝑥1 2 + 𝑦1 2 + 2𝑔1 𝑥1 + 2𝑓1 𝑦1 + 𝑐1
and QT = √𝑥1 2 + 𝑦1 2 + 2𝑔2 𝑥1 + 2𝑓2 𝑦1 + 𝑐2
but PT = QT
or √𝑥1 2 + 𝑦1 2 + 2𝑔1 𝑥1 + 2𝑓1 𝑦1 + 𝑐1 = √𝑥1 2 + 𝑦1 2 + 2𝑔2 𝑥1 + 2𝑓2 𝑦1 + 𝑐2
or 2𝑔1 𝑥1 − 2𝑔2 𝑥1 + 2𝑓1 𝑦1 − 2𝑓2 𝑦1 + 𝑐1 − 𝑐2 = 0
or 2𝑥1 (𝑔1 − 𝑔2 ) + 2𝑦1 (𝑓1 − 𝑓2 ) + 𝑐1 − 𝑐2 = 0

Md. Belal Hossen Numerical Analysis & Coordinate Geometry-(MATH 462)

Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE
Uttara University
11
 Lecture#21 & 22

Hence the loeusT is

2(𝑔1 − 𝑔2 )𝑥 + 2(𝑓1 − 𝑓2 )𝑦 + 𝑐1 − 𝑐2 = 0which is the equation of the
radial axis (Common Chord)

17.Find the equation of the circle which are common chord of the circles
x2+y2+2x+2y+1 = 0
and x2+y2+4x+3y+2 = 0

Solution:The given circle are

x2+y2+2x+2y+1 = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - (i)
and x2+y2+4x+3y+2 = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - (ii)
the equation of the common chord of the given circle is
x2+y2+2x+2y+1-x2-y2-4x-3y-2 = 0
or -2x-1 = 0
or 2x+1 = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - (iii)
the equation of any circle which passes through the point of intersection of
(iii) & (i)
x2+y2+2x+3y+1+ƛ(2x+1) = 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - (iv)
or x2+y2+2(1+ƛ)x+3y+1+ƛ = 0
the center of the circle is at (-1-ƛ, -3/2)
If the common chord is a diameter (-a-ƛ) lie on it
∴ -2(1+ƛ)+1 = 0
or ƛ=-1/2
Putting the value of ƛ in (vi) we get
(2x+1)
x2+y2+2x+3y+1- =0
2

Md. Belal Hossen Numerical Analysis & Coordinate Geometry-(MATH 462)

Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE
Uttara University
12