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Ap10 frq physics c mech - AP Practice

Physics I (Utica College)

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AP® Physics C: Mechanics

2010 Free-Response Questions

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TABLE OF INFORMATION FOR 2010 and 2011

CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
Proton mass, m p = 1.67 ¥ 10 -27 kg Electron charge magnitude, e = 1.60 ¥ 10 -19 C
Neutron mass, mn = 1.67 ¥ 10 -27 kg 1 electron volt, 1 eV = 1.60 ¥ 10 -19 J
Electron mass, me = 9.11 ¥ 10 -31 kg Speed of light, c = 3.00 ¥ 108 m s
Universal gravitational
Avogadro’s number, N 0 = 6.02 ¥ 1023 mol-1
constant, G = 6.67 ¥ 10 -11 m 3 kgis2

R = 8.31 J (mol iK) Acceleration due to gravity

Universal gas constant,
at Earth’s surface, g = 9.8 m s2
Boltzmann’s constant, k B = 1.38 ¥ 10 -23 J K
1 unified atomic mass unit, 1 u = 1.66 ¥ 10 -27 kg = 931 MeV c 2
Planck’s constant, h = 6.63 ¥ 10 -34 J is = 4.14 ¥ 10 -15 eV is
hc = 1.99 ¥ 10 -25 J im = 1.24 ¥ 103 eV i nm
Vacuum permittivity, ⑀0 = 8.85 ¥ 10 -12 C2 N im 2
Coulomb’s law constant, k = 1 4 p⑀ 0 = 9.0 ¥ 109 N im 2 C2
Vacuum permeability, m0 = 4 p ¥ 10 -7 (T im) A
Magnetic constant, k ¢ = m0 4 p = 1 ¥ 10 -7 (T im) A
1 atmosphere pressure, 1 atm = 1.0 ¥ 105 N m 2 = 1.0 ¥ 105 Pa

meter, m mole, mol watt, W farad, F

kilogram, kg hertz, Hz coulomb, C tesla, T
UNIT
second, s newton, N volt, V degree Celsius, ∞C
SYMBOLS
ampere, A pascal, Pa ohm, W electron-volt, eV
kelvin, K joule, J henry, H

PREFIXES VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES

Factor Prefix Symbol . . . . . . .
q 0 30 37 45 53 60 90
10 9 giga G sin q 0 12 35 2 2 45 3 2 1
106 mega M cos q 1 3 2 45 2 2 35 12 0
103 kilo k tan q 0 3 3 34 1 43 3 •
10 -2 centi c
The following conventions are used in this exam.
10 -3 milli m I. Unless otherwise stated, the frame of reference of any problem is
10 -6 micro m assumed to be inertial.
II. The direction of any electric current is the direction of flow of positive
10 -9 nano n
charge (conventional current).
-12 pico p
10 III. For any isolated electric charge, the electric potential is defined as zero at
an infinite distance from the charge.

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ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C EQUATIONS FOR 2010 and 2011

MECHANICS ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

u = u0 + at a = acceleration 1 q1q2 A = area
F =
F = force 4 p⑀0 r 2 B = magnetic field
1 2 f = frequency C = capacitance
x = x0 + u0 t + at
2 h = height F d = distance
E=
I = rotational inertia q E = electric field
u 2 = u0 2 + 2a ( x - x0 ) J = impulse e= emf
Q
 F = Fnet = ma
K =
k =
kinetic energy
spring constant
OÚ E i dA = ⑀0 F = force
I = current
l = length
dV J = current density
dp E =-
F= L = angular momentum dr L = inductance
dt
m= mass l = length
J = Ú F dt = Dp  rii
N = normal force 1 q n = number of loops of wire
V =
P = power 4 p⑀0 i
per unit length
p = mv p = momentum N = number of charge carriers
r = radius or distance 1 q1q2 per unit volume
UE = qV = P = power
Ffric £ m N r = position vector 4 p⑀0 r
T = period Q= charge
Q q = point charge
W = Ú F i dr t =
U=
time
potential energy
C =
V R = resistance
u = velocity or speed r = distance
1 k ⑀0 A
K = mu 2 W= work done on a system C = t = time
2 d U= potential or stored energy
x = position
P =
dW m= coefficient of friction Cp = Â Ci V= electric potential
dt i u = velocity or speed
q = angle
r= resistivity
P = Fiv t = torque 1 1
=Â
w= angular speed Cs i Ci
fm = magnetic flux
DUg = mgh a= angular acceleration k = dielectric constant
dQ
I =
dt
u2
ac = = w2r
Fs = - kx
r
Uc =
1 1
QV = CV 2 OÚ B i d l = m0 I
2 2
t=r¥F 1 2
Us = kx m0 I d l ¥ r
2 rl dB =
 t = t net = I a R= 4p r3
A
2p 1
I = Ú r 2 dm = Â mr 2
T =
w
=
f E = rJ F= Ú I dl ¥ B
I = Neud A Bs = m0 nI
rcm =  mr  m Ts = 2 p
m
k
u = rw V = IR fm = Ú B i dA
l Rs = Â Ri
L = r ¥ p = Iw Tp = 2 p d fm
OÚ E i d l = -
g i
e =
dt
1 2 1 1
K = Iw FG = -
Gm1m2
rˆ = ÂR dI
2
r2
Rp i i e = -L
dt
w = w0 + at Gm1m2 P = IV
UG = - 1 2
UL = LI
r 2
q = q0 + w0 t +
1 2
at FM = qv ¥ B
2

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ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C EQUATIONS FOR 2010 and 2011

GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY CALCULUS

Rectangle A= area df d f du
=
A = bh C= circumference dx du dx
V= volume
Triangle
S = surface area
d n
dx
( x ) = nx n -1
1
A= bh b = base
2 h = height d x
dx
(e ) = e x
Circle l= length
A = pr 2 w= width d
(ln x ) = 1
r = radius dx x
C = 2pr
d
Parallelepiped (sin x ) = cos x
dx
V = lwh
d
Cylinder (cos x ) = - sin x
dx
V = pr 2l 1
Úx dx = x n + 1 , n π -1
n
n +1
S = 2pr l + 2pr 2
Úe dx = e x
x
Sphere
4 3
Ú
V = dx
pr = ln x
3 x
S = 4pr 2
Ú cos x dx = sin x
Right Triangle Ú sin x dx = - cos x
a 2 + b2 = c2
a
sin q = c a
c
q 90°
b
cos q = b
c
a
tan q =
b

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2010 AP® PHYSICS C: MECHANICS FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS

PHYSICS C: MECHANICS
SECTION II
Time— 45 minutes
3 Questions
Directions: Answer all three questions. The suggested time is about 15 minutes for answering each of the questions,
which are worth 15 points each. The parts within a question may not have equal weight. Show all your work in the
pink booklet in the spaces provided after each part, NOT in this green insert.

Mech. 1.
Students are to conduct an experiment to investigate the relationship between the terminal speed of a stack of
falling paper coffee filters and its mass. Their procedure involves stacking a number of coffee filters, like the
one shown in the figure above, and dropping the stack from rest. The students change the number of filters in the
stack to vary the mass m while keeping the shape of the stack the same. As a stack of coffee filters falls, there
is an air resistance (drag) force acting on the filters.
(a) The students suspect that the drag force FD is proportional to the square of the speed u : FD = Cu 2 , where
C is a constant. Using this relationship, derive an expression relating the terminal speed uT to the mass m.
The students conduct the experiment and obtain the following data.

Mass of the stack of filters, m (kg) 1.12 ¥ 10 -3 2.04 ¥ 10 -3 2.96 ¥ 10 -3 4.18 ¥ 10 -3 5.10 ¥ 10 -3
Terminal speed, uT ( m s ) 0.51 0.62 0.82 0.92 1.06

(b)
(i) Assuming the functional relationship for the drag force above, use the grid below to plot a linear graph
as a function of m to verify the relationship. Use the empty boxes in the data table, as appropriate,
to record any calculated values you are graphing. Label the vertical axis as appropriate, and place
numbers on both axes.

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2010 AP® PHYSICS C: MECHANICS FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS

(ii) Use your graph to calculate C.

A particular stack of filters with mass m is dropped from rest and reaches a speed very close to terminal speed
by the time it has fallen a vertical distance Y.
(c)
(i) Sketch an approximate graph of speed versus time from the time the filters are released up to the time
t = T that the filters have fallen the distance Y. Indicate time t = T and terminal speed u = uT on
the graph.

(ii) Suppose you had a graph like the one sketched in (c)(i) that had a numerical scale on each axis.
Describe how you could use the graph to approximate the distance Y.
(d) Determine an expression for the approximate amount of mechanical energy dissipated, DE , due to air
resistance during the time the stack falls a distance y, where y > Y . Express your answer in terms of y , m,
uT , and fundamental constants.

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2010 AP® PHYSICS C: MECHANICS FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS

Mech. 2.
A bowling ball of mass 6.0 kg is released from rest from the top of a slanted roof that is 4.0 m long and angled
at 30∞ , as shown above. The ball rolls along the roof without slipping. The rotational inertia of a sphere of
2
mass M and radius R about its center of mass is MR 2 .
5
(a) On the figure below, draw and label the forces (not components) acting on the ball at their points of
application as it rolls along the roof.

(b) Calculate the force due to friction acting on the ball as it rolls along the roof. If you need to draw anything
other than what you have shown in part (a) to assist in your solution, use the space below. Do NOT add
anything to the figure in part (a).
(c) Calculate the linear speed of the center of mass of the ball when it reaches the bottom edge of the roof.
(d) A wagon containing a box is at rest on the ground below the roof so that the ball falls a vertical distance of
3.0 m and lands and sticks in the center of the box. The total mass of the wagon and the box is 12 kg.
Calculate the horizontal speed of the wagon immediately after the ball lands in it.

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2010 AP® PHYSICS C: MECHANICS FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS

Mech. 3.
A skier of mass m will be pulled up a hill by a rope, as shown above. The magnitude of the acceleration of the
skier as a function of time t can be modeled by the equations
pt
a = amax sin (0 < t < T )
T
= 0 (t ≥ T ),
where amax and T are constants. The hill is inclined at an angle q above the horizontal, and friction between the
skis and the snow is negligible. Express your answers in terms of given quantities and fundamental constants.

(a) Derive an expression for the velocity of the skier as a function of time during the acceleration. Assume the
skier starts from rest.
(b) Derive an expression for the work done by the net force on the skier from rest until terminal speed is reached.
(c) Determine the magnitude of the force exerted by the rope on the skier at terminal speed.
(d) Derive an expression for the total impulse imparted to the skier during the acceleration.

(e) Suppose that the magnitude of the acceleration is instead modeled as a = amax e - p t 2T
for all t > 0 , where
amax and T are the same as in the original model. On the axes below, sketch the graphs of the force exerted
by the rope on the skier for the two models, from t = 0 to a time t > T . Label the original model F1 and the
new model F2 .

END OF EXAM

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