Name: __________________________________

Class: ________________

Upper Intermediate - Literature Final Revision, Semester 1

Category 1: Poetic Terms and Concepts
1. Poetry is a literary form and/or genre that appeals to the senses and expresses deep
perceptions of the world.
2. Figurative language is characterized by the richness in images and movement; a type of
writing that does not carry a literal meaning.
- Personification - is giving human attributes to an object or concept

- Simile - is a direct comparison of two unrelated elements using words such as ‘like’ or ‘as’

- Metaphor - is an indirect comparison of two unrelated elements

- Hyperbole - exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

3. Sound Device is a stylistic technique that conveys meaning through sound.

- Onomatopoeia - the use of words whose sounds suggest their meanings.
- Repetition - the repeating of sound, words, phrases, or lines in a poem used to emphasize
an idea or convey a certain feeling.
- Alliteration - repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of at least two words in a
line of poetry.
- Rhyme - repetition of a sound at the ends of words. (Rhyme occurring within a line is
called internal rhyme. Rhyme occurring at the end of a line is called end rhyme)
- Rhythm - the pattern of sound created by stress.

4. Form of a poem involves the physical arrangement of the words on the page, sometimes
involving rhyme and rhythm.
5. A line can be identified as the string of words before a break, even if a sentence is not
complete before the break occurs.
6. Stanza/Verse - A group of lines within a poem, separated by spaces. A stanza is like a
paragraph: It helps organize the ideas in the poem.
7. Persona is the mask a poet uses to voice his or her ideas in the poem.
8. Couplet is two lines in a poem that go together. They usually rhyme with each other.
9. Quatrain is a group of four lines that go together. They usually rhyme in a pattern.
10. A semantic field is when a group of words interrelated words are classified by their
meaning – that is, either by definition or by description.
11. An analogy shows how two pairs of words are related.
Category 2: Reading Selection
1. Target Vocabulary

Terms to unlock Meaning (as used in the text)

1. soiree n. an evening party or social gathering

2. clef n. a symbol placed at the beginning of a musical staff to indicate the pitch
of the notes

3. interlock v. to fit into each other as parts of the system

4. brute n. an animal or a beast, or anything not human

5. overcast adj. covered with clouds, dark

6. frame v. to conceive or imagine, as an idea

7. diverge v. to extend in different directions from a common point

8. undergrowth n. the plants that grow low and dense on the floor of the forest or wood,
especially under trees

9. trodden v. (participle of tread) stepped on in a such way as to press, crush, or injure

10. forenoon n. the period of a daylight before noon

2. Identify the author, subject, and theme of the following poems. Mention three examples of
poetic devices used in each. (Figurative Language, Sound Devices, Form of Poetry)

4 Poems Analysis
1. On the Beach at Night Alone by Walt Whitman
■ Theme: Unity - All things are united through nature
■ Poetic devices:
Poetic Voice (Persona): It is a first-person, lonely, and wise speaker.
Sound Device:
 The words “as” and “all” are repeated to mimic the swaying motion of the waves. This
gives the reader the sensation of being on the beach.
Form of Poetry: Free Verse
Figurative Language (if any)
- The simile gives a visual image to the swaying of the waves.
- Metaphor: "Old mother" to mother nature but also uses
- personification: our earth can’t swing nor sway
■ Give at least 3 symbols mentioned in the poem and explain its meaning.
Old Mother - Mother Nature
beach - eternity
night - death
ocean - great unknown (afterlife)

■ What is the message of the poem? Demonstrate the application in the real-life situation.
- The first stanza tells what the speaker is thinking of while alone at night on the beach, and the
second stanza explains his thoughts. The title itself implies the speaker is alone at night on the
beach. This introduces the poem’s main images: night, beach, and loneliness. These images are
the catalytic agent that makes the speaker reflects on the interconnectedness of the universe.
Message (Story): Everything is interrelated, when you die, even how connected you are to the
world, you are going to face the great unknown all by yourself, what matters most is that, you
became part of it.
2. “The Road Not Taken” by Robert Frost
■ Theme: Life’s choices
■ Poetic devices: There is imagery in the description of the roads, the extended metaphor of the
roads as life choices, in the repetition of “and.” It has the good rhythm as it also has the rhyme
scheme that creates its melody.
■ Give at least 3 symbols mentioned in the poem and explain its meaning.
Yellow - Autumn, later years, middle age
Two Roads - Choices
undergrowth - future
spur of the moment - as just as fair

Message: look into the choices but he cannot see what lies ahead. The poem explains how the
speaker arrives at a fork in the road and upon exploring his choices; he took the road less
traveled.
-Two roads are equal which bring him possibilities but people have the ability to choose which
one to take
- In life we have decisions that we regretted and we wanted to go back where we started but we
know that is not easy to start all over again because we it would take another long journey and it
needs time to reach where you really want to go- choose the one which is good for you
- Every choice we make can make us unique. Make your life different from the others
3. “Miracles” by Walt Whitman
■ Theme: Miracles
■ Poetic devices: There is assonance, which is the repetition of a vowel sounds, as or is used
at the beginning of most lines. “every” is repeated at the beginning of the last lines. There are
also rhetorical questions, such as, “Why, who makes much of a miracle?”
■ Give at least 3 symbols mentioned in the poem and explain its meaning.
Manhanttan – big city
Sea – world
Fish – humans
Message: Our world as huge as it is, miracles happen each day from the tiniest things to the
amazing wonders that owe us. We are part of the miracles as we explore this wonderful place,
we live in. The challenge for us is to find strange miracles that happen to us as we continue
living.

4. “Oven Bird” by Robert Frost

■ Theme: Ending or passage of time. Anticipation is better than reality
■ Poetic devices: There is a paradox, the use of apparently contradictory ideas, in the line “But
that he knows in singing not to sing.” There is the use of personification in the line “He says that
leaves are old and that for flowers (…)”, which refers to the oven bird. There is the analogy,
“Mid-summer is to spring as one to ten.” Couplet is noticeable in line1 and 2 “AA” and “EE”.
■ Give at least 3 symbols mentioned in the poem and explain its meaning.
sound from the bird - emanating, tree is the source of the sound
overcast – there are days in our life that is filled with joy but eventually it
old - season changes
death - is the end of singing, like every other
midsummer – adulthood
spring – youth, energetic, vibrant, colorful
Singer - poet
Mid-Wood Bird - half-life spent for human
petal falls, step up to become and adult, the tree is ready to make another flower - life,
energy, colors, joy
overcast - life can’t be always happy
diminished thing – ending or dying
Message: The speaker is mature enough to take life seriously for he already knows every stage
of life has its importance and that you can just do nothing but enjoy while it lasts. Frost
comments on the passage of time. Spring is better, like a ten, because flowers bloom. Summer,
though a period in which flowers bloom, is closer to the fall, and to aging.
(Note: Answers are not limited to what is stated. It varies from class interpretation during
discussion)
3. Analysis and Synthesis (Freeform answers)
1. Of the four poems that is featured in the book, which poem did you like more? Why? Explain
your answer thoroughly.
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2. Which poem is difficult to understand? Why? Mention some poetic devices that is present in
the poem.
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3. To what extent do your own experiences, values, beliefs, and assumptions influence your
interpretation of the poems?
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Category 3: Language Development
1. Semantic Field
The word semantics refers to anything related to the meaning of the words in a
language. A semantic field is when a group of words interrelated words are classified by
their meaning – that is, either by definition or by description.
Practice the concept
Write 5 words that belong to the following semantic fields below.
1. baseball __________, __________, __________, __________, __________
2. literature __________, __________, __________, __________, __________
3. measurements __________, __________, __________, __________, __________
4. weather __________, __________, __________, __________, __________
5. mass media __________, __________, __________, __________, __________
6. plants __________, __________, __________, __________, __________
7. jobs __________, __________, __________, __________, __________
8. education __________, __________, __________, __________, __________
9. measurement __________, __________, __________, __________, __________
10. football __________, __________, __________, __________, __________
(See pages 40-41 in your Student’s Book and pages 18-19 Workbook for concept and
practice)

2. Analogies
An analogy shows how two pairs of words are related. Analogies test your reasoning ability,
since in order to complete an analogy, you must determine the relationship between the words is.
Practice the concept
Write a word to complete each analogy and indicate the kind of analogy
1. much : little :: more : less word : antonym
2. computer : keyboard :: guitar : strings part : whole
3. whale : mammal :: ostrich : bird object : classification
4. boot : foot :: hat : head object : use
5. Spanish : Spain :: French : France object : classification
6. sky : firmament :: sea : ocean part : whole
7. lemon : sour :: sugar : sweet object : Characteristics
8. strange : usual :: normal : usual word : synonym
9. house : window :: forest : trees part : whole
10. eraser : erase :: broom : sweep/clean object : use

- Keep in mind there can be countless relationship among words. As long as there is a
logical relationship between the two pairs, there is an analogy.
(See pages 46-47 in your Student’s Book and pages 24-25 Workbook for concept and
practice)