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31 views28 pagesb. Probability
FVGHBJNKM
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© © All Rights Reserved
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/ 28
Pagelof 28
Percentile Classes
Probability
Probability Theory:
Mutually Exclusive Events: Let $ be the sample space associated with a random experiment and let Ey and Es be
the two events. Then £; and E> are mutually exclusive events if Ey E, #0.
Mutually Exclusive and Exhaustive System of Events: Let S be the sample space associated with a random
experiment, Let £,, 2, .... By be the subsets of S such that
@ ENE, = bforiéj and
() FURURU.UE=S
When the set of events Ey, 2, B3....By 15 Said to form a mutually exclusive and exhaustive system of events.
Definition of Probability: In a random experiment, let § be the sample space and let E ¢ S.
Where is a an event.
The probability of occurrence of the event E is defined as
number of favowrapte outcomes
Pe}
"mumbor of possible urcor
=X
=)
lementary svontsin E
inumper of elementary evente nS
From the above definitions it is clear that
@ 0 PH=1-PE)
P(E)=+ PE)
(Odd in favour of An event and odds against an event
In m be the number of ways in which an event occurs and n be the number of ways in which it does nat occur,
then
(i) odds in favour of the events = = (or m:n)
(i) odds against the event = (or n:m)
No Substitute to Herdwork Page2of 28
Some important results:
(A) If, A, B and C are three events, then
(i) P [Exactly one of A, B, C occurs]
= P(A) + P(B) + P(C) — 2[ANB] + (BNC) + (ANC)] +3P (ANBNC)
(ii) P (Atleast two of A, B, C occur)
=P (ANB) + P(BNC) + P(ANC) ~ 2P (ANBNC)
(B) IFA and B are two events, then P (exactly one of A, B occurs)
(A) + P(B) + 2P(AUB)
= P(AUB) - P (ANB)
Conditional Probability: Lot A and B be two events associated with a random experiment, then, the probability of
‘occurrence of A under the condition that B has already occurred and P(B)# 0 is called the conditional probability and
itis denoted by P(4)
‘Thus, P(2) = Probebilty of occurrence of A gWvan that B has already occurred
Similarly, P (2) = Probability of occurrence of B given that A has already occurred.
NOTE:
) Sometimes P(5) is used to denote the probability of occurrence of A when B occurs.
(i) Similany P(2) is used to denoted the probability of ocourrence of B when A occurs.
‘The above two cases happens due to the simultaneaus accurrence of two events since the two events are the
subsets of the same sample space.
Multiplication Theorem:
Let A and B be two events associated with the same random experiment then
P(ANB) = P(AIP() ifP(A) 40 .()
or Pan) = P@) P(4), Pee (i)
NOTE: P| os from (i)
4) = Peano)
and P(3) = Se from (i)
In general, if, a, a;....dy are events associated with the same random experiment, then
PUL M.A: N As N..MAy)
=Ptan? (2) Gite)? Gotan)
No Substitute to Herdwork Page 3 of 28
Independent Events: Events are said to be independent, if the occurrence of one does not depend upon the
‘occurrence of the other
‘Suppose an um contains m red balls and n green balls. Two balls are drawn from the um one after the other.
If the ball drawn in the first draw is not replaced back in the bag, then two events of drawing the ball are
dependent because first draw af the ball determine the probability of drawing the second ball
Ifthe ball drawn in the first draw is replaced back in the bag, then two events are independent because first
draw of a ball has no effect on the second draw:
Thoorem |: Two events A and B associated with the same sample space of a random experiment are
independent if and only if
P (ANB) = P(A). P(B)
Theorem 2. If As, Az, ds... dn are independent events associated with a random experiment, then
P(ALN gM Ap....MAn) = P(Ay) P (A2)...P(An)
Thoorem 3. If Az, Az, ...-An are n independent events associated with a random experiment, then
P(A, U Ag U...U Ag) = 1-P(A) P (Aa) ....PAn)
Important results:
If A and B are independent events then the following events are also independent.
AnB Ww Ans (i) ANE
Law of Total probabi
Let £,, £2, ...£, be n mutually exclusive and exhaustive events associated with a random experiment. If Ais,
an event which occurs with £, or £2 or ....or Ey, then
Pay= Pte (2) +P eae (2) PEPE)
Bayes Rule: Let £,, £:, ..&, be n mutually exclusive and exhaustive events associated with a random experiment if
Ais an event which occurs with E, or >, or ...E, then,
ney __ Peary
(8) "Beer i, 2a
Note: Although we have discussed above many ways to solve the Probability but the best way to solve Probability
by using Permutation and Combination. Probability is simply total number of condition events divide by total events
without condition,
No Substitute to Herdwork 10.
"
12.
Page dof 28
Exercise — 01
A three-digit number is to be formed by using the digits 1,2,3,.., 9. Whats the probability that the number
formed is greater than 500, if repetition is not allowed?
(a) 280/504 (b) 54/280 (©) 58/204 (6) 24/504
Abag contains 4 red and 7 green balls. If three balls are drawn from the bag, replaced, and once again three
balls are drawn from the bag, then what is the probability of obtaining 3 red balls on the first drawing and 3
green balls on the second drawing?
fa) 14/5445 (b) 14127225 (©) 26/5445 (d) None of these
‘One number is selected at random from the first 25 natural numbers. What is the probability that itis a multiple
of either § or 7?
{ay2z (b) 8/25 (©) 428 (d) None of these
‘Abag contains § green apples and 7 red apples. If two apples are drawn from the bag, then what is the
probability that one is red and the other is green?
(a) 12/66 (b) 35166 (2,12 (0) 235
Find the chance of drawing 2 blue bails in secession from a bag containing 5 red and 7 blue. Balls, if the balls
are not being replaced
@s os as ®%
From 2 pack of 52 cards, two are drawm at random. Find the chance that one is 2 knave and the other 2
queen,
Os © © Os
‘Three coins tossed, the probability that there is at least one tal is
2 7 3 1
2 © ©? (a4
100 students appeared for two examinations 60 passed the first, 50 passed the second and 30 passed both.
Find the probability that a student selected at random has failed in both the examinations?
(a? ©? ©F 5
What is the probability of throwing @ number greater than 2 with a fair dice?
(2 2 ©1 @
irections(Q10 to Q13): Two fair coins are tossed simultaneously. Find the probability of
Getting only one head,
a &) 128 (©) 23 (a) %
Getting atleast one head.
a 4 (©) 3/4 (©) 213 (a) 13
Getting two heads
(az mi? @F @
No Substitute to Hardwork Page Sof 28
13. Gelting atleast two heads.
a % © ot 1
Directions(Q14 to Q20): Three fair coins are tossed simultaneously. Fund the probability of
44. Getting one head
[ayo (b) a4 (©) 518 3
45. Getting one tai
(a) 1 wi oz 2
16. Getting atleast one head.
7 3 a 2
2 mi (2 (a?
17. Getting two heads.
i 2 ©F 3
18. Getting atleast two heads.
(2 2 Or (3
19. Getting atleast one head and one tail.
@: ? OF 3
20. Getting more heads than the number of tals.
(a2 On ©; (@ 5
Directions (21 to Q29): Two dice are rolled simultaneously. Find the probability of
21. Getting a total of 9
ta2 wi ond @Z
22. Getting a sum greater than 9.
@z ©: Oz >
23. Getting a total of 9 or 11.
az wz oz @
24. Getting @ doublet
(a) 112 (b) 0 (c) 5/8 (d) 16
25. Getting a doublet of even numbers
(a) 5/8 (b) 1/12, (ce) 3/4 (d) %
26. Getting a multiple of 2 on one die and @ multiple of 3 one the other
1% 25 a
@% 2 @2 w
No Substitute to Hardwork 27.
28.
29,
Page Gof 28
Getting the sum of numbers on the two faces divisible by 3 or 4
(a) 49 © © @s
Getting the sum as a prime number.
i ms ©} 3
Getting atieast one °5’
@: ©: Og oF
Directions (Q30 to Q38): One card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. Each of the 52 cards being equally likely to
be drawn. Find the probability that
30,
31.
32.
33.
34,
35,
36.
37.
38,
39.
40.
The card drawn is black.
@ oF oe (@) can't be determine
The card drawn is a queen.
@s os ©; @}
‘The card drawn is black and a queen
@s od Ox as
‘The card drawn is either black or 4 queen.
ae 2 os we
‘The card drawn ts either king or a queen.
@s Os os @e
The card drawn is either a heart, a queen or a king
@z os os =
The card drawn is neither a spade nor a king.
(a0 os @F @s
The card drawn is neither an ace nor a king
we wm ©g OF
‘The odds in favour of an event are 2:7. Find the probability of occurrence of this event.
i os as (3
‘The odds against of an event are 5-7. Find the probability of occurrence of this event.
fay os we ws
From a group of 3 men and 2 women, two persons are selected at random. Find the probability that atleast,
one woman is selected.
No Substitute to Herdwork wt
42.
43,
44.
45,
46,
47.
a? ws Or
Page7 of 28
Co)
The probability of occurrence of two events A and B are % and % respectively. The probability of their
simutteneous occurrence is“ Find the prebediy that ether Aor 8 must occur
as oF Os
I A.and B are two events such that P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.8 and P (=
(©) 004
(a) 0.24 (b) 0.96
ws
= 06, find P (AUB)
(Gd) none of these
Three fair coins are tossed. Find the probability that they are all tails, if one of the coins shows a tail
@
ms oF
(d) none of these
Adie is thrown twice and the sum of the numbers appearing is observed to be 9. What is the conditional
probability that the number 4 has appeared atleast once?
@ ©; ©
(d) none of these
A die is rolled. If the outcome is an odd number, what is the probability that it is a number greater than 1?
@ 5 oF OF
2
Ina class 45% students read English, 30% read French and 20% read both English and French. One student
is selected al random, Find the probability that he reads English, if itis known that he reads French.
i ©: @s
(d) none of these
Two balls are drawn from a bag containing 2 white, 3 red and 4 black balls one by one without replacement.
What is the probability that atleast one ball is red?
@s ms Os
(d) none of these
EXERCISE — 01 (Solutions)
Ans. (@)
Solution: Total number of three digit numbers
that can be formed without repetition = 9x9x8
Total number of three digit numbers greater
‘than 500 that can be formed without repetition =
SxOx8
Therefore, the required probability = ===
hence, option (a) is the answer
Ans. (c)
Solution:
The required probability
Twas
Ans. (b)
Solution: Total multiples of § = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25
= 5 numbers
Total multiples of 7 = 7,14,21=3 numbers
Hence, tolal required number = 8 numbers
The required probability = =
Ans. (b)
Solution: The required probabiity = S22
Ans. (¢)
Solution: Event definitions: First is blue and
second is blue
No Substitute to Herdwork Solution: Knave and queen or Queen and
Knavo
4152 x 41541 + 4/52 x 4151
= 8/663
7. Ans. (b)
Solution: At least one tail is the non ~ event for
all heads,
Thus, P (at least 1 tail) = 1 — P(all heads)
1/8
18
8 Ans.(@)
Solution
itis evident that 80 student passed at least 1 exam
Thus 20 failed both and the required probability is
20/100 = 1/5
9. Ans. (a)
Solution: 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 = 4/6
=213
10. Ans. (a)
Solution:
S=[HH, HT, TH, TT]
nisy=4
41. Ans. (b)
Solution:
= HH, HT, TH, TT]
nts)
E=[HH, HT, TH]
12
13.
Hint (Q14 to @20):
8 = [HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH,
14,
15.
16.
47.
18.
19.
20.
Page Sof 28
n(s)=8
Ans. (d)
Solution: E = [HT T, THT, T TH]
n(E)=3
PE) =}
Ans. (4)
Solution: E = [HHT, HTH, THH]
n€)=3
3
PE)=2
‘Ans. (a)
‘Solution: E = [HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH,
THT, TTH]
n(E)=7
PE)=2
‘Ans. (b)
Solution: E = [HHT, HTH, THH]
n(E) =3
PE) =3
Ans. (c)
‘Solution: E = [HHH, HHT, HTH, THH]
n(E)=4
pe)=!
1
2
Ans. ()
‘Solution: E = HHT, THT, HTT, THT, TTH]
NE) = 6
‘
PE)=$
3
Ans. (d)
Solution: E = [HHH, HHT, HTH, THH]
n(E)=4
PE) ==
Hint (Q21 to Q29):
24
22.
S=
((4,1),(1,2)61,3),(1,4),(1,9),1,6),2,1),2.2),
6.5), (6.6)]
nS) = 6x6=36
Ans. (b)
Solution: E = ((6,3),(5,4),(4,5),8,6))
mE) =4
Pe)=2
%
=
Ans. (0)
Solution: E = {(6.4) (5,5).(4,6),(6,5),(5,6).(6,6)}
n(E)=6
No Substitute to Herdwork 23.
24,
25,
26.
21.
28.
29,
Pe)=S
Ans. (c)
Solution: E = (6,3),5.4)(4.5),3.6)16,5)(5.6)}
n(E) =6
PH) a5
1
Ans. (d)
Solution: E = ((1,1),(2,2),3,3)(4.4), (6,5)(6,6))
Solution: E =
{(2,3)(2,6),(4.3),(4,6).(6,3)46.6,),8.2).(8,2),8,4)
(6.4),(3,6),}
Ans. (c)
Solution: E =
(0.2)(1,9),2,1),24),8,3)8 6\(42),(4,5)6.1)
(5.4)(6,3),6)
(1,3),2,2),2,6),(3,1),8,5).4.4),(5,3)46 20)
n(E) = 20
Pe) =2
Ans. (b)
Solution: E =
{410.4 ,2),4.4),(4,6).2,1),2,3),(2,5) (3,243.4),
(4,1)44,3),6.2),(8,6),6,1),(6,5)}
5
{(4,5)(2,5),(3,5),(4,5),(5,5),(6,5),(8,1),(9,2),(5,3),
(6,4),(5,6)}
4
Page 9 of 28
Hint(Q30 to Q37)
30
31
32.
33,
34,
$ =(62 cards)
52cards
(26) Red Black (26)
Hearts Diantonds Spades Clubs
i) (13) (13) (13)
In each of the four there is one ace, one king,
‘one queen and one jack (ar knave) and rest 9
cards are numbered
Ans. (a)
Solution
N(S) = 52
n(E) = 26
PE)=5
2
‘Ans. (b)
Solution:
N(S) = 52
n(E)=4
PE)=S
‘Ans. (c)
Solution
NUS) = 52
Since drawn card must be black so there are
only two queens.
Hence
n(E)=2
PE) =55
Ans. (c)
‘Solution:
N(S) = 52
‘There are 26 black cards (including two
queens).
Besides it there are two more queens (in red
colours)
Thus
n(E) = 26+2=28
228
Pe)= 5
ei
»
Ans. (c)
Solution:
No Substitute to Herdwork 36.
36.
aT.
38,
39,
40,
4
N(S) = 52
Thore are 4 kings and 4 queens
E=KuQ@
{E) =484-8 42.
Pe=S=5
Ans. (©) 43.
Solution:
N(S) = 92
There are 13 hears (including one queen and
one king), Besides it there are 3 queens end 3
kings in remaining 3 suits each
Thus
N(E) = 13+3+3=19
PE)=5
Ans. (b)
Solution:
N(S) = 52
There are 13 spades (including one king)
Besides there are 3 more kings in remaining 3
suits)
‘Thus 44
Ans. (a)
Solution:
N(S) = 52
There are 4 aces and 4 kings
45,
‘Ans. (@)
Solution: Total number of outcomes = 2+7=9
Favourable number of cases = 2
PE) ==
Ans. (b)
Solution: Total number of outcomes = 5+7 = 12
Number of cases against the occurrence of
event =5
Number of cases in favour of event = 12-5=7
PERS
Ans. (b)
Solution: n(S) = §C2=10
ME) = @CXC1)+CC2) = 7
Pe=s
Ans. (@)
Solution: P(A) = 2, P(B
47.
Page 10 0f 28
P (Aor B) = P(AUB)
= P (A)#P(B)- P (ANB)
50 300
ata
Ans. (b)
Solution: P(AUB) =0.96
Ans. (6)
‘Solution: Here S = (HHH, HHT, HTH, THH,
HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}
Let A be the event that one ofthe coins shows a
tal
(A= (HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, 7TH, TTT)
Paye?
Now, let 8 be the event that they areal tis
B=(TTT)
P(B)= 5
(anp)= CTT}
(anp)=2
BY _P(AMB) _1/8_1
°- aa?
Ans. (a)
Solution: Let A be the event of getting the sum 9
and B be the event of getting atleast on 4
Then A= ((3, 6), (4,5),(5,4), (6.3)}
B={(1,4), 24), (3.4), (4,4),05.4}, 6.4),
(4.1),4.2), 4,3), (4,5)4,6))
Then ANB = ((4,5)(5.4)}
Required probability = P (5
= ma08)
ma) en?
Ans. (@)
Solution: Let
number and B
greater than 1
A=41,3.5), B = @.5}, ANB = {3.5}
+ Required probability = P (3) = 40%
2405)
Pa)
event of getting an odd
ihe event of getting a number
(ana)
na)
Ans. (b)
Solution: Let A be the event of reading English
and B be the event of reading French.
33
00-33
9
Then P(A) = 4 = 3
And P (an) = 2
P(B)
Required probability = P (
Ans. (a)
Solution: Let A be the event of not getting a red
ball in first draw and B be the event of getting a
No Substitute to Herdwork Page 11 of 28
rod ball in second draw. Then required
probability
= Probability that atleast on ball is red
= 1-Probability that none is red And PG) =
1-P(A and B)
= 1-P(ANB)
= PAPE)
[There are 5 balls (excluding 3 red
balls)after the selection of one non-red ball]
Exercise — 02
It is known that at noon, the sun is hidden by clouds on an average of two days aut of every three days. Find
‘the probability that at noon on at least four out of five days the sun will be shining
fagnt (b) 11/243
(eat (@) None of these
‘Two fair dice are thrown. What is the probability that the number of dots on the first dice exceeds 3 and that on
the second exceads 4?
(a) 26 (b) 316 (©) 16 (6) 5/6
What is the probability that there are 53 Sundays and 53 Tuesdays in a leap year?
{ayo (b)1
()0.8 (d) None of these
What is the probability that there are at least 52 Sundays in a leap year?
(ao On (05 (a) None of these
What is the probability that there are 53 Sundays and 53 Saturdays in a leap year?
(a) V7 (b) 27 (c)0 (d) None of these
What is the probability that there are 53 Sundays in a leap year?
(a) 2/7 (b) V7 ()0 (d) None of these
What is the chance of throwing a number greater than 4 with an ordinary dice whose faces are numbered from
1100?
No Substitute to Herdwork 40.
oo
12.
13.
14
45.
46.
47.
18.
Page 12 of 28
(a? 2 ©; oF
Amit throws three dice in a special game of Ludo. If it is known that he needs 15 or higher in this throw to win
then find the chance of his winning the game.
as os of @s
In @ horse race there were 18 horses numbered 1-18. The probability that horse | would win is 1/6, that 2
‘would wan is 1/10 and thet 3 would win is 1/8. Assuming that a tie is impossible, find the chance that one of the
‘three will win
" 39 Fr 1
@s oF Ox 5
Two balls are to be drawn from a bag containing 8 grey and 3 blue balls. Find the chance that they will both be
blue
@? MZ @8 @e
In a certain lottery the prize is 1 crore and 5000 tickets have been sold. What is the expectation of a man who:
holds 10 tickets?
{a) 20,000 (b) 25,000 (©) 30,000 (¢) 15,000
Ifa number of two digits is formed with the digits 2,3,5,7,9 without repetition of digits, what is the probability
that the number formed is 357
@s OF os @s
‘Abag contains 20 balls marked 1 to 20. One ball is drawn at random. Find the probability that it is marked with
‘a number multiple of 5 or 7
a
@2 2 od oy
bag contains 3 red, 6 white and 7 black balls. Two balls are drawn at random. What is the probability that
both are black?
@; OF OF OF
Abox contains 5 defective and 15 non-defective bulbs. Two bulbs are chosen at random. Find the probability
that both the bulbs are non-defective.
as ws @z (d) none of these
Adie is thrown twice, what is the probability that atleast one ofthe two throws come up with the number 5?
@e ©) oz (4) none of these
‘Acard is dravm at random from a well-shutfled deck of 52 cards. Find the probability of its being a heart or a
xing
s
@s ms as @ S
Acard is drawn trom a deck of 52 cards. Find the probability of getting a red card ora heart or a king
& by 2 2 ) ®
Os OS OF @ =
No Substitute to Herdwork 49.
20.
2.
22.
23,
24,
2,
26.
27.
28.
29,
Page 13 of 28
Four cards are drawn at a time from a pack of 52 playing cards. Find the probability of getting all the four
cards of the same suit
@s we of os
Anatural number is chosen at random from amongst the first 300. What is the probability that the number so
chosen is divisible by 3 or 5?
as os ot (d) none of these
Ina class 40% of the students offered Physics 20% offered Chemistry and 5% offered both. Ifa student is
selected at random, find the probability that he has offered Physics or Chemistry only
(a) 45% (©) 55% (©) 36% (0) none of these
‘An urn contains 4 white 6 black and 8 red balls. 3 balls ere drawn one by one without replacement, find the
probability of getting all white balls.
Om os (©) 131204 (d) none of these
Abox contains 25 tickets, numbered 1, 2, 3,...25. A ticket is drawn and them another ticket is drawn without
replacement. Find the probability that both tickets will show odd numbers.
@e os @2 (4) none of these
‘Two persons A and B throw 2 die alternatively till one them gets a three and wins the game, Fine the
respective probabilities of winning.
@as Pract
23
‘Two persons A and 8 throw a coin alternatively til one of them gets head and wins the game, Find their
respective probabilities of winning.
15 ae a1
@ie wit © 34 (a
From a pack of 62 cards, two are drawn one by without replacement Find the probabilities that both them are
kings.
@e os Of Os
The probability that A hits a target is 3 and the probability that B hits it, is
target will be hit, it each one of A and B shoots the target?
fe 2 oz (3
‘What is the probability that the
Aproblem is given to three students whose chances of solving it are 3, ? and = respectively. What is the
probability that the problem will be solved?
@ Oe oF OE
An air gun can take a maximum of 4 shots at a balloon at some distance, The probabilities of hitting the
balloon at the first, second, third and fourth shot are 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0 4 respectively. What is the probability
‘that the balloon is hit?
(a) 06976 (b) 0.6576 (©) 0.786 (d) none of these
No Substitute to Herdwork 30.
31
32
33.
34.
35,
36,
37.
38.
Page 14 of 28
Aspeaks truth in 60% and B is 80% of the cases. In what percentage of cases are they likely to contradict
each other narrating the same incident?
fa) 44% (b) 36% (©) 64% (d) 48%
Abag contains 4 red and 3 black balls. A second bag contains 2 red and 4 black balls. One bag is selected at
random. From the selected bag, one ball is drawn. Find the probability that the balll drawn is red.
@s os Og 5
Abox contains 20 bulbs. The probability that the box contains exactly 2 defective bulbs is0.4 and the
probability that the box contains exactly 3 defective bulbs is 0.6. Bulbs are drawn at random one by one
without replacement and tested fill the defective bulbs are found, What is the probability that the testing
procedure ends at the twelfth testing?
(a) 0 b) 1
{c) can't be determined (d) none of these
‘There ate 3 boxes each containing 3 red and 5 green balls, Also there are 2 boxes, each containing 4 red and
2 green balls, A aren ball is selected at random. Find the probability that this green ball is from a box of the
first group,
@= 2 Oz (d) none of these
‘Aman speaks truth 3 out of 4 times. He throws a die and reports that itis a six. Find the probability that is
actually a six
@: om: @t @s
The digits 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,2,9, are written in random order to form a nine digit number. Find the probability that
this number is divisible by 4:
Ww
@} oF oz (4) none of these
If fom each of the three boxes containing 3 white and 1 black 2 white and 2 black, 1 white and 3 black balls,
cone ball is drawn at random, then the probably that 2 white and 1 black ball wil be draw is.
@e me oz (@) none of these
‘There are four calculators and it is known that exactly two of them are detective. They are tested one by one
in a random order till both the defective calculators are identified. Then the probability that only two tests are
required is
fae wi @s @
20 girls, among whom are A and B sit down at a round table. The probability that there are 4 girls between A.
and Bis
@: ©)
os os
EXERCISE - 02 (Solutions)
Ans. (b) At least four out of five days, sun will be shining
Solution: Probability that the sun is hidden = = Probability of exactly four days = probability of
2/3; 50, the probability that the sun is not hidden exactly five days
by clouds = Sun will be shining = 1/3
No Substitute to Herdwork = 8Cax (11/3) (2/8) +8C9x (1/8)5 x (2/3) =
oxtixaa 10.
Ans. (©)
Solution: Ways in which number of dots on the
‘rst dice exceed 3 = 4,5,6=3 ways
Ways in which number of dots on the second
dice exceed 4=5, 6=2 ways 4
Hence, the required probabilty = 22
= 116
Ans. (@)
Solution: in a leap year, there are 36 days = 52
weeks * 2 days extra 12
if there are 53 Sundays, then the other extra
day will bo either a Saturday or Monday. Hence. 43,
the required probability = 0
Ans. (0)
Solution: All the days will occur atleast 52 times.
Hence, the required probability = 1 14
Ans. (2)
Solution: There are 7 different possibilities.
Hence, the required probabilty = 1/7 45
Ans. (a)
Solution: There are two extra days and seven
ifferent possiblities viz. (Sunday, Monday),
(Monday, Tuesday), (Tuesday, Wednesday),
(Wednesday, Thursday), (Thursday, Friday)
(Fridey, Saturday), and (Saturday, Sunday)
Hence, the required probability = 2/7
Ans. (@)
Solution: 5 or 6 out of a sample space of
1,2,.3,4,5 or 6 = 216 = 1/3
Ans. (@)
Solution: Event definition is: 15 or 19 oF 17 or
18
15 can be got as’ § and § and 5 (one way)
or
6 and 5 and 4 (Six ways)
or
6 and 6 and 3 (3 ways)
Total 10 ways 17
16 can be got as. 6 and 6 and 4 (3 ways)
or
6 and 5 and 5 (3 ways)
Total 6 ways
17 has 3 ways and 18 has 1 way of appearing.
Thus, the required probability is:
(rosersety216
Page 1S of 28
Solution: 1/6 + 1/10 + 1/8 = 47/120
Ans. (b)
Solution: The event definition would be given
by
Firstis blue and second is blue is blue = 3/11 x
20
3/55
Ans. (@)
Solution: Expectatior
Reward of winning
crore’500)
= 20000.
‘Ans. (b)
Solution: 1/°P2 = 1/20.
Ans. (a)
Solution: Positive Outcomes are: 5,7,10,14,15
or 20
‘Thus, 6/20 = 3/10
Ans. (b)
‘Solution: Black and black = (7/16) x 6/15
27140
Ans. (c)
Solution: n(S) = °C2=190_
n(E) = "C2 = 105,
wen
PE) = 2
‘Ans. (a)
Solution: A = (6,).(5.2).5,3).(5.4) (5,5)45,6))
B= ((1,5)(2,5),(3,5).(4,5),6,5).(6,5))
AnB = ((5.5))
Also
n(S) = 36
PA)=S=
P(B)= 5 =
And
ANB ==
Required probability = P(A)*P(6}-P(ANB)
ri.
61s 36 36
Ans. (a)
‘Solution: n(S) = 52
A The event of getting a heart
B+ The event of getting a king
Then ANB = The event of getting a king of
heart
PA)=E=3P@)=2
and
(ane) =,
P (@ heart or a king)
Probability of winning x
10/5000) x 1 crore = (1
=P (Aor B) = P(ANB)
No Substitute to Herdwork 48.
19.
20.
=P(A) + P(B)- (ANB)
att 5
‘Ans. (b)
Solution: n(S) = 62
Let A, B,C be the events of getting a red card, a
heart and a king respectively.
Then
n(A) = 26, n(B) = 13, n(cy= 4 24
Clearly n (ANB) = 13, n(n) = 1
NtAnc) = 2, neanbn¢) = 1
PAy=3= i PB) =
22,
1
P(ANBNO) ==
P (a red card, or a heart or a king) = P(AUBUC)
= P(A}P(B)#P(C}- P(AN B) + P(BAC) +
P(ANC)+ P(ANENC)
Heya
‘gt Gate) *a
Ans. (c)
Solution: n(S) = C4
Let Ey, Eo, Es, Es, be the event of getting all
spades, all clubs, all hearts and all diamonds
respectively.
Then
n(E) = Cu
ME) = Ca
n{Es) = "Cx
NE.) = "Cu
n(Ey) = 2, PE) = 2
28. PIED= Be 28
(Es) =
Since E1, Er E>, and Es are mutually exclusive
events
P(getting all the 4 cards of the same suit)
P(E1 oF E2 of Es oF Es) = P(E,)* P(E2)+ P(ES*
PED)
«Ge)
Ans. (¢)
Solution: n(S) = 300
Let A be the event of getting a number divisible
by 3 and B be the event of getting a number
divisible by 5 and (4 B) be the event of getting
a number divisible by both 3 and 5 both
Page 16 0f 28
NIA) = 100, (8) = 60, n(n B)=20
PA) == 27) = =i Pang) =
Peau) = = PA}PB)PIAN B)
3 e+ 3 30°F
Ans. (b)
Solution: n(S) = 100
n(A) = 40, n(B) = 20, n(An B)
P(AUB) = P(A)+P(B}-P(AN B)
40.20 «5
700 700 100
P(AUB; 55%
Ans. (b)
Solution: Let A, B. C be the events of getting a
white bail in first, second and third fraw
respectively, then
Required probability = P(ANBAC)
= Paper (4)
Now P(A) = probability of drawing a white ball in
first draw = £=2
When a white ball is drawn in the first draw
there are 17 balls left in the ur, out of which 3
are white
(G)=3
‘Since the ball drawn is not replaced, therefore
after drawing a white ballin the second draw
‘there are 16 balls lettin the run, out of which
are white
Pa) -F
Hence the required probability
Ans. (b)
Solution: Let A be the event of drawing an odd
numbered ticket in the first draw and B be the
event of drawing an odd numbered ticket in the
second draw. Then
Required probability = (ANB) = PAYP(2)
P(A) = 3 since there 13 odd number 1, 3, 5,
25
Since the ticket drawn in the first draw is not
replaced, therefore second ticket drawn is from
the remaining 24 tickets, out of which 12 are
odd numbered,
No Substitute to Herdwork 24.
28,
Page 17 of 28
nt)=!
Hence, required probability = 22 x
275 2
Thus P (Awins) =2 and P(@ wins) = (1
26. Ans. (c)
Solution: Required probability
Ans. (2)
Solution: Let E = the event that A gets a three
and F = the event that 8 gets a three
‘Then, P(E) =3, PF) =2 27. Ans. (0)
as as . Solution: Let A = the event that A hits the target
PE) =3, PR) =3 ‘And B = the event that B hits the target
‘Suppose A wins then, he gets a three in 1* or As given we hrave P(A) == and P(B) =2
3 of 5" throw etc.
= P(A wins) = PIE or (EF £) or (E FEF £) or Clearly A and 8 ere independent events
=| P (ANB) = P(A). P(B)=2x2=2
[€or (BAND F and £) + P(E and F and P (target is hit) = P (A hits or B hits)
Band F and) +...=] = P(AuB) = P (A) + P(B) - P(ANB)
PIE or ba2.
(Band F and B)or (E and F and F and F and E)or « ‘Ans. ()
1 ‘Solution: Let A, B, C be the respective events of
= P(E) + P(E and F and &) + P(E and F and E solving the problem and 4, 8, ¢ be the
and F and E)+....c0 respective events of not solving the problem.
=P(E) + PE) PIF) PCE) + P(E) PF) P(E) Then A, B, C are independent events
P(F).P(E)# 00 » A, B, € are independent events
Now, P(a)=4 P(B)=$and P(C)=4
P(d) == PB) =2 and PC)
«(None oes the probe)
=P{not A) end ot B} and not ©)
PIA) BNE)
Ans. (¢) = PUA)P(B)P(C) (A,B AND € are
Soliton: We nave, PH) =and PCT) Independent
Now, A wins if he throws a head in 1*!, or 3 or
5% or. Draw,
> PAwins) = P{H or (T TH) or (TT T TH) or Hence, P (the problem will be solved)
(TTT TH) or 4-P (None solves the problem)
= PU) PCT TH)* P(TTT TH)+
= PUH)* PT)PCT)P(H)+ PAT) PCT) PCT) PCT) 29. Ans. (@)
Pu) Solution: Let 2; =04, P: =0.2, "4 =03, 4-04
1 =P (The balloon is hit) = P (the balloon is hit
atleast once)
= 1—Pithe balloon is hit in none of the shots)
~ (1-Ps) (1-Po) (1-3) 1-Pa)
1-(0.9)(0.8(0.7)(0.6) = 0.6976
30. Ans. (@)
Solution: Let E = the event that A speaks the
| truth
And
Thon
No Substitute to Hardwork
the event that B speaks the truth
the event that A tolls a lie. 34
32.
And F = the event that 8 tells a lie
Clearly E and F are independent events, so E
and F and well as Z and F are independent
= q07 5
P@)
+ P(A and B contradict each other = P(A speaks:
the truth and B tells a lie)
(Or (A tells a lie and B speaks the truth)
=PIEN Flu uF)
PIENF)+PE nF)
= P(E) P(F) + P(E) PCF)
iit
XS EXS
‘So, A and B contradict each other in 44%
cases.
Ans. (b)
‘Solution: A red ball can be drawn in to mutually,
exclusive ways
(i) Selecting beg | and then dravang a red bell
‘rom tt.
(i) Selecting bag 1! and then drawing a red bell
‘rom it.
Lt E: Ez and A denote the events defined as
follow.
, = Selecting bag |,
E, = Selecting bag I!
A= drawing @ red ball
Since one of the two bags is selected randomly,
therefore
P(E) = $and PE:
Now, P(A)
Probability of drawing a red ball
when the fist bag has been chosen = $
Probabilty of drawing @ red ball when
‘the second bag has been selected
Using the law of total probability we have
P (red ball) = P(A) = PEn)P(S) + PENPE)
SSX
Ans. (@)
Solution: The testing procedure may terminate
at the twelfth testing in two mutually exclusive
ways.
(i) When lot contain 2 defective bulbs
(ii) When lot contains 3 defective bulbs.
Page 18 of 28
Consider the following events:
A= Testing procedure ends the twelfth testing
E; = lot contains 2 defective bulbs
2 = lot contains 3 defective bulbs
Required probability = P(A)
= P(ANEs) NP(ANE2)
P(ANE;) + P (ANE2)
= PE) PE) + PIPE)
probability that first 11 draws
contain 10 non defective and one defective and
12 draw contains a defective article
BWese=sey y 2
ea, 8
‘And P(2)= probabily that frst 11 draws contain
non defective and 2 defective and 12" draw
contains a defective article
Hence, Required probability
2 eye
= 04x 8x5 + 06x
33. Ans. (b)
Solution: Let Ey, E2 and Abe the events defined
as follows:
Es = selecting 2 box from the first group
E2 = selecting 2 box from the second group
Beso =e,
and
A= ball drawn is green
Since there are 5 boxes out of which 3 boxes
belong the fire group and 2 boxes belong the
second group.
Therefore
P(E) =3 PIE) =?
If; has already occurred then a box trom the
first group x chosen. Then box chosen
contains 5 green balls and 3 red balls.
Therefore the probability of drawing @ green
ball from itis = 2
Now, we have tin P(*)
By Baye rule, we have
No Substitute to Herdwork 34,
36.
36.
Solution: Let 2, E2 and A be the events defined
as follows:
E, = six occurs, E2 = six does not occur
‘And A = the man reports that itis a six
We have, P(E:) = 2, P(Es) ==
Now P() = probability that the man reports
‘that there is a six on the die given that six has
occurred on the die
= probabil thatthe men speaks truth =2
‘nc P(.) = probability tat ine man reports that
there is six on the die given that six has not
occurred on the die.
Probability that the man does not speak truth
=1
We have to find ? (=)
By Bayes rule, we have
reeve(f)
em ree
(8)
Ans. (b)
Solution:
Total possible number of 4 digits = 41 = 24
‘The number is divisible by 5 if unit digit itself is
5. Therefore we fix § at unit place and then
remaining 3 places can be filed up in 31 Ways.
Hence, the required probability = = = =
p28 5
Ans. (@)
Solution:
Box 1 Box 2
Box 3
3w Ww 1w
Page 19 of 28
1B 26 3B
‘There can be three manually exclusive cases of
drawing 2 white balls and 4 black ball
Box 1
Box 2 Box 3
Case 1 aw
1w 1B
Case 2 1w
1B w
Case 3 1B
iw w
= POW OW 1 ,)U (WN WU
aw nWs)
= P(W,) PW) P(Ba)* P(W,) P(B2) PCW)
Bly hy By by dy ty b ede 2
EXGMET EMERGE ENGNG
Ans. (b)
Solution:
‘The total number of ways in which two,
calculators can be chosen out of four calculators
is “C2 =6.
ony two tests are requred o tenity detective
calculators, then n fst wo tests defective
Celesators are dented. This can bs dane in
one way ony
Roauied proatity =}
‘Ans. (a)
Solution:
20 girls can be seated around a round table in
19! ways.
So, exhaustive number of cases = 19!
Excluding A and B, out of remaining 18 girls, 4
girls can be selected '*C4 ways which can be
arranged in ays,
Remaining 20 - (4 - 2) = 14 girls can be
arranged n 1 ways
Also A end & mutual can be errengedin2
ways
Required number of arangement
xia
Gy x 41
181x2
Required probability = 22 = 2
“a "is
No Substitute to Herdwork Page 20 0f 28
Exercise — 03
In a convex hexagon, two diagonals are dravn at random, The probability that tne diagonals intersect at an
intenor point of the hexegon is
ss oF (6) 3128 (a) None of these
‘Seven white balls and 3 black balls are placed in a row at random. The probability that no two black balls are
adjacent is.
(a? ws @z @?
Three dice are thrown simultaneously. The probabilily of getting a sum of 15 is:
(a
ms OF (d) None of these
Abox contains 6 red balls, 7 green balls, and 5 blue balls. Each ball is of a different size The probability that
‘the red ball being selected is
@s ws © (oF
A dice is thrown 2n + 1 times, neN. The probability that the faces with even numbers show odd number of
‘times is:
oF
(©) Greater tnan? — (@) None of hese
(©) Lem than 2
Let A = (2, 3, 4, .. 20, 21). A number is chosen at random from the set A and it is found to be a prime
number. The probabilty that H is more than 10 is.
2 3
ws os
2 (@ None of these
Triangles are formed by joining vertices of an octagon Any one of those triangle is selected at random. What is
the probability that the selected triangle has no side common with the octage.
(a) 37 (b) 27 (©) 57 (d) 17
Amonth is randomly selected from the months in a non-leap year and it is found that it has five Sundays.
What is the probability that it has five Mondays?
fai ) 27 (©) 23 (a) 2033
No Substitute to Herdwork 40.
"
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
47.
18.
19.
Page 21 of 28
Manoj throws a fair dice. He is promised an amount thrice the value of the number showing up if the number
thrice the value of the number showing up if the number showing up is odd and an amount twice the value of
‘the number showing up if itis even. What is the maximum amount Manoj is willing to pay each time to throw
‘the dice, if in the long run he wants to make an average profit of S per throw?
{a) 3.50 (b) 85 «5 (0) None of these
There isa frame ofa cuboid of length 6 units, breadth 5 units, and height 7 units. The cuboid is only
composed of skeleton of 210 cubes of side 1_An insect is on one comer of the cube and it wants to travel to
the opposite end of the longest diagonal. It can only travel along the sides of the small cube and it always
takes the shortest possible route. Find the probability that it passes through at least one of the comers.
iz og Os (a) None of these
Anatural number x is chosen at random from the first one hundred natural numbers. What is the probability
that x + 22 > 507
(a) 13/20 OR (©) 9120 (¢) 11120
|f 8 coins are tossed, what is the chance that one and only one will turn up Head?
@s mz oz Os
[A speaks the truth 3 out of 4 times, and B 5 out of 6 times. What isthe probabilty that they wil contradict each
other in starting the same fact?
@? ©: i (6) None of these
A party of n persons sit at a round table. Find the odds against two specified persons sitting next to each
other.
nit
@ > o) %
(Gd) None of these
In four throws with a pair of dices what is the chance of throwing a double twice?
@s ox os Ox
A fair coin is tossed repeatedly. If Head appears on the first four tosses then the probability of appearance of
tail on the fifth toss is
(a ©) ot (a2
Ateam of 4 is to be constituted out of 5 girls and 6 boys. Find the probability that the team may have 3 iris.
@d wz Og Os
Abag contains 5 red, 4 green and 3 black balls. If three balls are drawn out of it at random, find the probability
of drawing exactly 2 red balls.
@s og og @s
‘Sanjay writes letter to his friends from IIT, Kanpur. It is known that one out of ‘n’ letters that are posted does
not reach its destination. If Sanjay does not racaive the reply to his latter, then what is he probability that
Keasari did not receive Sanjay's letter? Itis certain that Kesari will definitely reply to Sanjay’s letter if he
rocoives it
No Substitute to Herdwork 20.
2
22.
23,
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
20.
Page 22 of 28
a
fa) ot (d) None of these
Annumber is chosen at random from the numbers 10 to 99. By seeing the number, a man will sing i the
product of the digits is 12.Ifhe chooses three numbers with replacement, then the probability that he will sing
at least once is
ogy © @ a (a) None of these
Ifthe integer’s mand n are chosen at random from 1 to 100, then the prabability that @ number of the form
7™+7> is divisible by 5 is
@? Oy Og 3
There are 5 envelopes corresponding to 5 letters. If the letters are placed in the envelopes at random, what is
the probability that all the letters are not placed in the right envelopes?
ox 2 Oz =
Two persons A and 8 toss a coin altemately till one of them gets. Head and wins the game. Find B's chance
of winning if A tosses the coin first.
@} oF @z (a) None of these
Thore are 10 pairs of socks in a cupboard from which 4 individual socks are picked at random. The probability
that there is at least one pair is.
@at os of @)
a te ma
mm
‘Two small squares on a chess board are chosen at random. Find the probabil
side
@s ws oz Os
that they have 2 common
Four numbers are multiplied together. Then the probability that the product will be divisible by 5 or 10 is:
@ © ox (a) none of these
@ couples (husband and wife) attend a dance show ‘Nach Baliye’ in a popular TV channel: A lucky in which 4
persons picked up for a prize is held, then the probability that there is atleast one couple will be selected is
3 35 2
ws oz © (d) none of these
A committee of five persons is to be chosen from a group of 9 people. The probability that a certain married
couple will either serve together or not at all is:
(a) 49 (b) 5/9 (©) 1318 (Gd) none of these
Aspeaks truth in 60% cases and B speaks truth in 80% cases. The probability that they will say the the same.
thing while describing a single event is:
fa) 0.36 (b) 0.56 (©) 0.48 (d) 0.20
Nine squares are chosen at random on a chessboard. What is the probability that they form a square of size
3x3?
fa) rod (©) ss © BS (d) none of these
No Substitute to Herdwork 31.
32.
33,
34,
36.
36.
37.
38.
39.
Ro
Page 23 0f 28
Soven digits from the numbers 1,2,3.4,5,6,7,8 and 9 are written in random order. The probability that this
seven digit number is divisible by 9 is:
az 2 oz @
What is the probability that four S's come consecutively in the word MISSISSIPPI?
ot ot oe (a) none of these
Each coefficient in the equation ax?+bx+c=0 is determined by throwing ordinary six faced die. Find the
probability that the equation will have real roots.
Os ) Oz (d) none of these
‘Aconsignment of 15 wristwatches contains 4 defectives. The wristwatches are selected at random, one by
one and examined. The ones examined are not put back. What is the probability that ninth one examined is
the last defective?
az oz Os Ox
Given that the sum of two non-negative quantities is 200, the probability that their product is not less than. 3
times their greatest product value is:
@z oF og (d) none of these
Three numbers are to be selected at random without replacement from the set of numbers (1, 2, ._.n). The
conditional probability that the third number lies between the first two, if the first number is known to be smaller
than the second is:
(a we oz os
Aletors taken out at random from ‘ASSISTANT’ and another is taken out rom STATISTICS’ The probity
that they are the same letters i
@e 2 of (@) none of these
‘Two numbers a and b are chosen at random from the set of first 30 natural numbers. The probability that
a+b? is divisible by 3 is
@e Os oz (d) none of these
The digits 1,2,; .9 are written in random order of form a nine digit number. Find the probability that this
number is divisible by 11
" a a
@s os os (4) none of these
Exercise — 03 (Solutions)
Ans (a) 4. Ans (c)
Ans (b) 5. Ans. (4)
Ans (d)
No Substitute to Herdwork 10.
1
Solution: Required probability is simply 3
Hence, the correct option is (A).
Ans. (4)
Solution: Total number of primes = 8 and
number of numbers more than 10 = 11
Ans. (b)
Solution: Tolal number of triangles formed = "Cs
=56
Triangles having three sides common = 8
Triangles having no side common = ®Cix*Gi =
22
Triangles having three sides common = 0
Triangles having no side common = 56-40 = 16
So, probability =16/56 = 2/7
Ans. (d)
‘Solution: In @ non-leap year, February has 28
days, and so. it must have each day of week
exactly 4 times. Now, we know 7 months have
31 days and 4 months have 30 days,
Ifa month has 31 days and it has 5 Sundays,
‘then itis possible for 5 Fridays, Saturday, and
‘Sunday, or 5 Saturday, Sundays, and Monday,
or § Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday. So, the
probability of having 5 Tuesday ifit has 5
‘Sundays is 2/3.
fa month hes 30 days and it hes 5 Sundays,
thon itis possible for 5 Saturdays and Sundays
or5 Sundays and Mondays. So, the probability
of having 5 Tuesdays ifit has 5 Sundays is 1/2.
So, if a month is selected randomly, then
probability of having 5 Mondays if it has 5
‘Sundays must be:
(7114x203) + (4/1 x U2) = 20/33
Hence, the correct option is (4).
Ans. (a)
Solution: The average eaming per throw for
‘Manoj can be calculated by summing the
‘multiplication of probability of showing up of
each number and the eaming it will result into.
As, dig is fair, the probability of showing of each
number is 1/6.
Average eaming per throw is (1/6 x 3) + (1/6 x
4) * (116 x 9) + (1/6 x 8) + (1/6 x 15) * (1/6x 12)
=85
So, to eam average profit of 5 per throw, he
must be willing to pay 3.5 per throw.
Hence, the correct option is (a).
Ans. (d)
Ans. (d)
12
13.
14.
15.
16.
47.
18.
19.
Page 24 of 28
Solution: The given condition is satisfied for all
numbers from 51 to 100. Itis also satisfied for
50, 49, 48, 1, and 2. So, there are total 55
numbers from first 100 natural numbers for
‘which the given condition is satisfied. Therefore,
‘the required probability = 55/100 = 11/20
Hence, the correct option is (4).
Ans. (a)
Solution: One head and seven tails would have
eight positions where the head can come,
Thus, 8 x (1/2)® = (1/32)
Ans. (b)
Solution: They will contradict each other if A is
{rue and B is false or Ais false and B is true.
(314)x(116)+(1/4)x(516) = 1/3
Ans. (b)
Solution: For the counting of the number of
events, think of it as a circular arrangement with
11-1 people (by considering the two specified
persons as one). This will give you n{E) = (n-2)!
x2)
Ans. (b)
Solution: #C2 x (6/36)? x (30/36)?
x (1/36) x (25136)
251216.
Ans. (b)
Solution: The appearance of head or tail on a
toss is independent of previous occurrences.
Hence, %.
Ans. (d)
Solution: There can be three airis and one boy.
Ans. (a)
Solution: The event definition is Red AND Red
AND Not Red OR Red AND Not Red AND Red
OR Not Red AND Red AND Red
Ans. (a)
Solution: The required answer will be given by
P(Kesari does not receive the |
P (Kesari does not receive the letter) + P(Kesart replied an
20.
2
Ans. (a)
Solution: The number of events for the condition
that he will sing
= 4, [34,43,26,62]
‘The number of events in the sample = 90.
Probability that he will sing at least once
— Probability that he will not sing,
Ans. (a)
Solution: For divisibility by 5 we need the units
digit to be either 0 or 5
No Substitute to Herdwork The units digit in the powers of 7 follow the
pattern
793AT 93479.
Hence, divide 4 to 100 into four groups of 25
element each as follows.
A=159, = 25 elements
B=26.10, = 25 elements or.
Caan, = 25 elements
D=48,12, = 25 elements
Check the combination values of m and n to that
7 +7" 1s divisible by 5.
22. Ans. (a)
Solution: All four are not in the correct 28.
envelopes means that at least one of them is in
a wrong envelope. A little consideration will
show that one letter being placed in a wrong
envelope is not possible, sinoe it will have to be
interchanged with some other letter.
Since, there is only one way to put all the letters
in the correct is only one way to put all the
letters in the correct envelopes, we can say that
‘the event of not all four letters going into the 29,
correct envelopes will be aiven by
-1=119
23. Ans. (a)
Solution: @.37 Are similar to Question No. 2 of
LoD I
24. Ans. (b)
25. Ans. (b)
Solution: The common side could be horizontal
or vertical
Accordingly, the number of ways the event can
‘occur is. 30.
NE) =8x748x7=112
N(S) 64C2
= XBT
26. Ans. (b)
Solution:
The divisibility of the product af four numbers
depends upon the value of the last digit of each
umber.
The last digit of a number can be any of the 10
digits 0,1.2....9
So, the total number of ways of selecting last
digits of four numbers is 10x10x10x10x=10*
If the product of the 4 numbers is not divisible
by 5 or 10.
‘Then the number of choices for the last digit of
each number is 6 (excluding 0 or 5).
Page 25 of 28
80, favourabe number of ways = 8xBx8x8
Tho probability thatthe product isnot divisible
by 5 or 10
Hence, Required probability = 1 -(3)° = 2
Ans. (0)
Solution
P(selocting alloast one couple) = 1 P
(selecting none of the couples for the prize.)
Ae
Ans. (a)
Solution: Total number of ways in which S
people can be chosen out 9 people = Cs = 126
Number of ways in which the couple serves the
committee
=7Cx2C. = 35
Number of ways in which the couple does not
serve committee = 7Cs = 24
Favourable number of cases = 35 +21 = 56
Hence, the required probability = == = +
Ans. (b)
Solution: E; = The event in which A speaks truth
E2 = The event in which B speaks truth
Reauired probability = P [(E;ME2) U (2, £,)]
P(E E2) + P(E, 9)
= P (Ex). P (Ez}* P (E:). P(E)
Gxs)"G*))
Solution: We can choose 9 squares out of 64
squares in Cs ways,
Hence, exhaustive number of cases = Cs
From the figure itis clear that the given square
ofsize3 x3
eruvauane
12345678
No Substitute to Herdwork can be formed by using four consecutive
horizontal and 4 consecutive vertical lines, which can
be done in
8C1x°Cr=38ways
Basically you can make 6 squares of size 3x3
In vertical direction and 6 squares of the size 3 x
3 in horizontal direction. Hence total 6 x 6 = 36
squares can be chosen
The required probability = 27
31. Ans. (b)
Solution: Total 7 digit numbers can be formed
from the & digits = °P,
There are four exclusive cases of selecting 7
digits out of 9 digits which can form 7 digit
numbers which are divisible by 9.
2,3, 4,5, 6, 7, 9} 36removing 1 and 8
1, 3, 4, 5,6, 8, 9} 36 removing 2 and 7
1, 2, 4,5, 7, 8,9) 36 removing 3 and 6
4, 2, 3,8, 7, 8, 9] 36 removing 4 and 5
All the 7 numbers of each of the 4 sets can be
arranged in 7! ways.
Hence the favourable number of numbers =
4x7!
Required probability =
32. Ans. (a)
Solution: Total number of words that can be
formed from the letters of the word
MississiPPl is 2
When all the S's are together then the number
of words can be formed = =
Required probability = 34.
33. Ans. (b)
Solution: Since each of the coefficients a, b and
© can take values from 1 to 6. Therefore the
total number of equations
= 6x6X6 = 216
Hence the exhaustive number of cases = 216
Now, the roots of the equation ax? + bx +c =0
will be real ifb2 - 4ac > 0 => b2 > 4ac
Following are the number of favourable casos
Page 26 of 28
a | 4ac Fem | i | Meee
- cases
a{i}its {4,9,16,25,36]2.3,45,6] 1x5=
rf2
211] 218 | %16,25,36 | 3,4,5,6 | 2x4z8
13
3] 1] 3{12] 162536 | 45,6 | 2x3
14
212) 4/16) 16,25,36 } 4,5,6 | 3x3=9
4]2
ifs
shi s| 20] 25,36 3,6 | 2x2—4
rhe] |
2/3
at2{6]2| 25,36 5,6 | 4x2=8
6fa
4
24
t[sfele[ oe [6 [ane
r
3{3}9|%] 36 6 [ier
sl, tout | «43
Note + ac = 7 is not possible
Since b? 36 and 4ac < b? hence ac = 10,
14, 12....2te. is not possible
Hence, Total number of favourable cases =
23
So, the required probabilty = <2
Ans. (c)
Solution: Let A be the event of geting exactly 3
defectives in the examination of 8 wristwatches
And B be the event of getting ninth wristwatch
defective
Then
Requited probability = P(ANB) = P(A)P(2)
Now (ay $28
150
And P |2| Probability that the nineth examined
wrisrward is defective given that there wore 3
defectives in the first prices examined *
Hence, requited probability = ==
-i-&
“7 > Tes
No Substitute to Herdwork 35,
36,
37.
Ans. (b)
Solution: Let x and y be the two non-negative
integers
since x + y= 200
(2) max= 100x100 = 10000
Now, xy = 10000
=> xy= 2 x10000
= xy 27500 => x (200-x) 2 7500
x? = 200% +7500 <0 38.
50
