8

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 2
Rational Algebraic Expressions
(Week 3-4)

i
About the Module

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
understand Rational Algebraic Expressions. The scope of this module permits it to
be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course.

The module is divided into 3 lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Introduction to Rational Algebraic Expression
• Lesson 2 – Operations on Rational Algebraic Expression
• Lesson 3 – Problems Involving Rational Algebraic Expression

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• illustrate a rational algebraic expression;

• simplify rational algebraic expressions;
• multiply, divide, add, and subtract rational algebraic expressions;
• simplify complex rational algebraic expressions; and
• solve problems involving rational algebraic expressions.

ii
 What I Know (Pre-Test)

Instructions. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. A fraction in which the numerator and/or denominator are polynomials.

A. Algebraic function C. Algebraic expression
B. Quadratic equation D. Mathematical phrase

2. Which of the following is not a rational algebraic expression?

4𝑥−5 𝑑2
A. C.
√𝑥 2 −1 𝑑2+5
7 4𝑥 2 +8𝑥−10
B. D.
𝑥−1 1

3. A process where the numerator and denominator will be factored first before
cancelling common factor/s is __________________.
A. Evaluating rational expressions
B. Definition of algebraic expressions
C. Simplifying rational algebraic expressions
D. Translating verbal phrases to algebraic expressions

15𝑧
4. What is the value of z in the expression if the expression is equal to 9?
5
A. 3 C. 5
B. 4 D. 9

5. Translate the verbal phrase to mathematical expressions “4 times an

increased by 5 over the product of 2 and y”.
4(𝑎+5) 𝑎(4+5)
A. C.
2(𝑦) 2+𝑦

4𝑎+5 4𝑎+5
B. D.
2𝑦 2+𝑦

𝑥 2 −5𝑥−24
6. Simply this equation .
𝑥 2 −64
𝑥+5 𝑥+8
A. C.
𝑥−5 𝑥+3
𝑥+3 𝑥−5
B. D.
𝑥+8 𝑥+8

3𝑥 5
7. Simplify to lowest terms.
6𝑥 3

𝑥2 𝑥 2 3𝑥
A. B. C. D.
2 2 𝑥2 6

1
For problems 8 – 12, perform the indicated operations.

3𝑎−4 𝑎+2 3𝑎2 −6 17𝑎−16 17𝑎−6 7𝑎−16

8. + A. B. C. D.
2 5 10 10 10 10
𝑥 2 −5𝑥−14 𝑥 2 −4 (𝑥+2)2 (𝑥+2)2
9. ⋅ 𝑥 2 −14𝑥+49 A. (𝑥−1)(𝑥−7)
𝑥+2
B. C. D.
𝑥+2
𝑥 2 −3𝑥+2 (𝑥−1)(𝑥−7) (𝑥+1)(𝑥−7) (𝑥−1)(𝑥+7)

𝑚2 −9 3−𝑚
10. ÷ 𝑚+2 A. -1 B. -2 C. 1 D. 2
𝑚2 +5𝑚+6
2𝑥 1 2 1 −1 −1 −1
11. − 𝑥+3 − 𝑥−3 A. B. C. D.
𝑥 2 −9 𝑥−3 𝑥+3 𝑥−3 −𝑥+3
6 4
− 2(𝑥+4) 2(𝑥+4) 2(𝑥−4) −2(𝑥+4)
12. 𝑥+1 𝑥+2
5 3 A. B. C. D.
− 2𝑥−1 2𝑥+1 2𝑥−1 2𝑥−1
𝑥+2 𝑥+1

For problems 13 – 15, answer the following word problems.

13. Ruth can paint a room in two hours, and her sister Esther can paint the same
room in four hours. How long would it take them to paint the room if they
worked together? Express your answer in hours and minutes.
A. 4 hour and 20 minutes C. 2 hours and 10 minutes
B. 1 hour and 20 minutes D. 2 hours and 20 minutes

14. Sandra can paint a kitchen in 6 hours and Roger can paint the same kitchen
in 7 hours. How long would it take for both working together to paint the
kitchen?
A. 3.23 hours B. 2.33 hours C. 33.2 hours D.23.3 hours

15. You own three hectares of land, and you want to mow it for farming. What
will you do to finish it at a very least time?
A. Rent a small mower C. Do kaingin
B. Hire three efficient laborers D. Use germicide

2
 Lesson INTRODUCTION TO RATIONAL
1 ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION

What I Need To Know

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

▪ determine the symbols, variables, and operations in translating verbal
phrases to algebraic expressions;
▪ translate mathematical phrases to rational algebraic expressions;
▪ identify a rational algebraic expressions;
▪ evaluate rational algebraic expressions; and
▪ simplify rational algebraic expressions.

What’s In
Let’s start this lesson by recalling your knowledge about polynomials.

DEFINITION:

Polynomial comes from poly- (many) and -nomial (term) which means
many terms. In other definition, polynomial is an expression of more
than two algebraic terms, especially the sum of several terms that
contain different powers of the same variable(s).

What’s New

ACTIVITY 1 – TRANSLATE ME!

Instructions. Translate each verbal phrase into a mathematical expression. Choose

your answer from the different shapes below. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. the sum of a number and 3 ________________
2. the quotient of m less than w and k ________________
3. half of a number decreased by one-third of another number ________________
4. the quotient obtained by dividing 4x-1 by 3 ________________
5. the square of the product of 11 times a number ________________

𝑚−𝑤
𝑘 1 1
𝑤−𝑚 (11𝑛)2 4𝑥 − 1
X+3 𝑥− 𝑦
𝑘 3 2 3

3
 In Activity 1 Translate Me!, you were able to deal with translating verbal phrases to
mathematical expressions which are mostly polynomials. The previous activity can
help you in dealing with word problems as you move on to the next lessons but
how did you do it? How did you choose the variables and operations in translating
to a mathematical expression? In this lesson, you will learn more about translating
mathematical phrases to rational algebraic expression as you will also learn about
evaluating and simplifying these algebraic expressions.

What Is It

Translating Mathematical phrases to Rational Algebraic Expressions

In translating verbal phrases to algebraic expressions, we need to use
numbers, the common symbols of operations such as +, -, x, ÷, the symbols for
grouping like the parentheses ( ), brackets [ ], or braces { }, and variables which means
any letter of the English alphabet which is use to represent a number or several
numbers. If a variable stands only for one specific value, it is called a constant.

The operation of multiplication can be represented by the symbol (×), by ( ) or

we can also use dot (.) which is written halfway up the factors. Division can be
represented by the symbol (÷) or /.

In addition to the words add, subtract, multiply and divide, there are other
terms that also corresponds to these mathematical operations.

ADDITION SUBTRACTION MULTIPLICATION DIVISION

Add Subtract Multiply Divide
Increased by Decreased by Product Quotient
Plus Minus Times Shared
Sum Difference Twice Split between
Total Reduced by Of Divided by
More Less than Ratio of

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES:

Verbal Phrase Solution Algebraic Expression

the difference of twice a -if x is a number and y is
number and 3 divided by another number then, 2x - 3
the product of 4 and twice a number = 2x 4y
another number product of 4 and another
number = 4y
a number over the -if m is a number and n is
product of 3 and another another number then, 𝒎
number number = m 𝟑𝒏
product of 3 and another
number = 3n
the ratio of x+5 and the ratio of = fraction; 𝒙+𝟓
product of 4 and x quotient 𝟒𝒙
product of 4 and x = 4x

4
 Rational Algebraic Expression

DEFINITION:
A rational algebraic expression is a fraction in which the numerator and
denominator are polynomials, and the value of any variable will not make the
denominator equal to zero.
In symbols:
𝑃
, where P and Q are polynomials and Q ≠ 0.
𝑄

Which of the following are rational algebraic expressions and which are not?

1. z2 Answer : RAE, because the numerator is a monomial

z+1 and the denominator is a binomial.

2. 2y Answer : NOT, because the denominator has a

4d – 3 negative exponent.
3. 7x + 5 Answer : RAE, because the denominator is equal to 1.
4. b2 – 3 Answer : NOT, because there is a radical expression.
b - √7

Evaluating Rational Algebraic Expression

The expressions which are not polynomials are called rational algebraic.
When a variable is substituted with a number in a rational expression, it is called
evaluating rational algebraic expressions.

Algebraic expressions can be evaluated by substituting the given value in each

quantity or variable and performing the indicated operation. With grouping symbols,
operations within the grouping symbol must be performed first before the other
operations.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES:

Evaluate the following rational expressions.

330
1. ; where x = 2
15𝑥

330
= Substitute the value of x.
15(2)

330
= 30 Perform indicated operation. (Division)

= 11 ANSWER

5
 5𝑘
2. ; where k = 2 and m = -1
3𝑘 2 +4𝑚

5(2) 10 10 10 5
= = = =
3(2)2 +4(−1) 3(4)+4(−1) 12−4 8 4

Substitute Perform operation in the Reduce to

ANSWER
the value of grouping symbols. lowest terms.
k and m.

Simplifying Rational Algebraic Expression

DEFINITION:

Just like rational numbers, rational algebraic expressions can be reduced to

lowest terms and that process is known as simplifying rational expressions.
To reduce or simplify to lowest terms the rational expression, factor the
polynomials in the numerator and denominator first then cancel all common
factors or divide the numerator and denominator by their common factors.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES:
Simplify each of the following rational expression.
𝒙𝟐 −𝟗𝒚𝟐
1. 2.
𝟑𝒙𝒚−𝟗𝒚𝟐

Begin by factoring.

Group the common factors in the numerator and denominator and cancel the
common factor both in the numerator and denominator. TAKE NOTE: For number
𝑎𝑚
1, you can apply the law of exponent (Power of quotient = = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛 ).
𝑎𝑛

Answer:

3.

6
4.
RECALL FACTORING

Remember the following

ways of factoring
polynomials.

-Difference of Two
Squares-
-Sum and Difference of
Two Cubes-
-Perfect Square Trinomial
-Trinomials in General-

What’s More

ACTIVITY 2 – DO WHAT IS ASKED!

A. Instructions. Translate the following algebraic expression to its equivalent
phrase. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Example: y–b
Answer: y minus b, or b less than y, or the difference between y and b

1. (2n)² 2. n³ + n² 3. 8a-7
3
4. 5 (𝑏 + 𝑑) 5. x𝑦 𝑧 2

B. Instructions. Evaluate the following rational algebraic expressions where

n= 1, x = 2 and v = 4.

𝑣+7 30𝑥 3 𝑛2 +6𝑛+5

1. 2. 3.
𝑣 2 +4𝑣−21 10𝑥 𝑛+1

C. Instructions. Classify the following expressions into the box.

𝑣+2 𝑚 𝑏 4
𝑝𝑞 𝑎−𝑐 𝑚 𝑎+𝑏
0 3𝑚2 + 6𝑚 𝑥 − 𝑦3
2 𝑙2 − 𝑙2 5( )
√7 𝑏 −2 𝑛2 𝑎𝑏
𝟗𝒎 − 𝟑𝒏 7𝑑9
RATIONAL ALGEBRAIC 21𝑑15 NOT RATIONAL ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSION EXPRESSION

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D. Instructions. Write each expression in lowest terms on a separate sheet of
paper. Show your solution.

12𝑐 3 𝑑 7 12𝑧 3
1. 2.
−48𝑐 5 𝑑 3 6𝑧
12(𝑦+2) 𝑦 2 −𝑧 2
3. 4.
18(𝑦+2) 𝑦+𝑧

What I Need To Remember

• A rational algebraic expression is a fraction of polynomials with the symbol

𝑃
𝑄
, where P as the numerator and Q as the denominator are polynomials
and Q must not be equal to zero (0).
• In simplifying Rational Algebraic Expression, factor the numerator and
denominator using your knowledge in factoring then cancel all common
factors and apply the law of exponent when necessary.
𝐶𝐴 𝐴
• If A, B, and C are polynomials, then = where B and C are not equal
𝐶𝐵 𝐵
to zero. The value in the denominator must not be equal to zero.

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Lesson OPERATIONS ON RATIONAL
2 ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

What I Need To Know

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

▪ multiply, divide, add and subtract rational algebraic expressions; and
▪ demonstrate understanding of the key concepts of simplifying complex
rational algebraic expressions.

What’s In

Let us recall past lessons about fractions.

Fraction is a numerical representation which indicates that one

number is part of a whole (Fazio and Siegler 2010).

Operations on Fractions
Perform the operation of the following fractions.

▪ Multiplication
4 3 12 𝟑 1 6 𝟔 8 1 𝟖 𝟐
1. ⋅ = or 2. ⋅ = 𝟑. ⋅ = or
5 4 20 𝟓 7 5 𝟑𝟓 9 4 𝟑𝟔 𝟗
Clipart 1
▪ Division
1 3 1 2 2 𝟏 2 5 2 8 𝟏𝟔
1. 4 ÷ 2 ⋅
4 3
= 12 𝑜𝑟 𝟔
2. 7 ÷ 8 ⋅
7 5
= 𝟑𝟓

▪ Addition and Subtraction Similar Fractions

5 3 8 9 3 6 𝟑
1. 4
+4=4=𝟐 2. 4 − 4 = 4 𝑜𝑟 𝟐

▪ Addition and Subtraction Dissimilar Fractions

3 2 15+8 𝟐𝟑 5 2 35−4 𝟑𝟏
1. 4
+5= 20
= 𝟐𝟎 2. 2 − 7 = 14
= 𝟏𝟒

▪ Complex Fractions
1 4 3+8 11 1 5 4+10 14
+ 33 3 𝟏 + 42 21 𝟓
1. 2 3
2 = 6
3−2 = 6
1 = = 5 𝑜𝑟 𝟓 2. 2 4
4 2 = 8
2 = 8
2 = or =𝟐
1− 6 6 𝟐 − 16 8 𝟖
3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Note: Always express your answer to its simplest form.

9
 What’s New

𝟔(𝒓 + 𝟐) 𝟒𝒓 𝒓 𝟔𝒗𝟑 + 𝟏𝟖𝒗𝟐 𝒗 + 𝟑

⋅ = 𝟐
÷ 𝟐
= 𝟔𝒗𝟐
𝟐𝟎 𝟔(𝒓 + 𝟐) 𝟓 𝟔𝒗 𝟔𝒗

𝒖 − 𝒗 𝟔𝒖 − 𝟑𝒗 𝟕𝒖 − 𝟒𝒗 𝟓𝒚 𝟐𝒙 𝟓𝒚𝟒 − 𝟒𝒙
+ = − 𝟑=
𝟖𝒗 𝟖𝒗 𝟖𝒗 𝟔 𝟑𝒚 𝟔𝒚𝟑

𝟏
𝟏−
𝒙𝟐 = 𝒙 + 𝟏
𝟏 𝒙
𝟏−𝒙

Clipart 2
https://tinyurl.com/y2ot6x5e

What is It

How to solve rational algebraic expressions using the four

fundamental operations?
Let’s start with multiplication.

REMEMBER
! The product of two rational expressions is
the product of the numerators divided by the product
of the denominators. In symbols,
𝒂 𝒄 𝒂𝒄
⋅ = , 𝒃𝒅 ≠ 𝟎
𝒃 𝒅 𝒃𝒅

Clipart 3

𝟐𝒙 𝟗
Example 1: Find the product of ⋅
𝟓 𝟔𝒙𝟐
𝟐𝒙 𝟗 𝟐𝒙 (𝟑)(𝟑)
⋅ 𝟐= ⋅ Express the numerators and
𝟓 𝟔𝒙 𝟓 (𝟑)(𝟐)(𝒙)(𝒙)
denominators into prime factors
if possible.
(𝟐𝒙)(𝟑)(𝟑)
=
(𝟓)( 𝟑)(𝟐𝒙)(𝒙)
▪ Simplify rational expressions using
𝟑 𝟑 laws of exponents.
= =
(𝟓)(𝒙) 𝟓𝒙 ▪ What laws of exponents were used in
these steps?

10
 𝟔𝒙𝟐 𝟖𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟔 Express the
Example 2: Multiply 𝟐 ⋅
numerators and
𝟒𝒚 𝟑𝟎𝒙𝟑 denominators
.
into prime factors
𝟔𝒙𝟐 𝟖𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟔 (𝟑)(𝟐)(𝒙)(𝒙) (𝟐)(𝟐)(𝟐)(𝒙)(𝒙)(𝒚)(𝒚)(𝒚)(𝒚)(𝒚)(𝒚) if possible.
⋅ = ⋅
𝟒𝒚𝟐 𝟑𝟎𝒙𝟑 (𝟐)(𝟐)(𝒚)(𝒚) (𝟓)(𝟑)(𝟐)(𝒙)(𝒙)(𝒙)

(𝟑)(𝟐)(𝟐)(𝟐)(𝟐)(𝒙)(𝒙)(𝒙)(𝒙)(𝒚)(𝒚)(𝒚)(𝒚)(𝒚)(𝒚) ▪ Simplify rational

=
(𝟓)(𝟑)(𝟐)(𝟐)(𝟐)(𝒙)(𝒙)(𝒙)(𝒚)(𝒚) expressions using laws of
exponents.
𝟒
𝟐𝒙𝒚 ▪ What laws of exponents
= were used in these steps?
𝟓
𝟓𝒙−𝟐𝟎 𝒚𝟐 −𝟗
Example 3: What is the product of ⋅ ?
𝟐𝒚−𝟔 𝒙𝟐 −𝒙−𝟏𝟐

𝟓𝒙−𝟐𝟎 𝒚𝟐 −𝟗 (𝟓)(𝒙−𝟒) (𝒚−𝟑)(𝒚+𝟑)

⋅ 𝟐 = (𝟐)(𝒚−𝟑) ⋅ (𝒙−𝟒)(𝒙+𝟑)
𝟐𝒚−𝟔 𝒙 −𝒙−𝟏𝟐 What factoring methods were used in
this step?
𝟓𝒙−𝟐𝟎 𝒚𝟐 −𝟗 (𝟓)(𝒙−𝟒)(𝒚−𝟑)(𝒚+𝟑)
⋅
𝟐𝒚−𝟔 𝒙𝟐 −𝒙−𝟏𝟐
= (𝟐)(𝒚−𝟑)(𝒙−𝟒)(𝒙+𝟑)
1. Simplify rational expressions using laws of
𝟓(𝒚+𝟑) 𝟓𝒚+𝟏𝟓 exponents.
= 𝟐(𝒙+𝟑)
= 𝟐𝒙+𝟔 2. What are the rational algebraic expressions
equivalent to 1 in this step?

How to find the quotient when dividing rational algebraic expressions?

REMEMBER
! The quotient of two rational algebraic
expressions is the product of the dividend and
the reciprocal of the divisor. In symbols,
𝒂 𝒄 𝒂 𝒅 𝒂𝒅
÷ = ∙ = , 𝒃, 𝒄, 𝒅 ≠ 𝟎
𝒃 𝒅 𝒃 𝒄 𝒃𝒄
Clipart 3

𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒚 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝒚𝟐
Example 1: Find the quotient of ÷
𝟗𝒂𝟑 𝒃𝟐 𝟏𝟖𝒂𝟐 𝒃

12𝑥 2 𝑦 16𝑥𝑦 2 12𝑥 2 𝑦 18𝑎 2 𝑏

9𝑎 3 𝑏2
÷ 18𝑎2 𝑏 9𝑎 3 𝑏2
⋅ 16𝑥𝑦2
Multiply the dividend by the
reciprocal of the divisor.
12𝑥 2 𝑦 18𝑎 2 𝑏
= 9𝑎 3 𝑏2
⋅ 16𝑥𝑦2

Perform the steps in multiplying

rational algebraic expressions.

(3)(2)(2)(𝑥)(𝑥)(𝑦) (3)(3)(2)(𝑎)(𝑎)(𝑏)
= ⋅
(3)(3)(𝑎)(𝑎)(𝑎)(𝑏)(𝑏) (2)(2)(2)(2)(𝑥)(𝑦)(𝑦)
Express the numerators and
(3)(3)(3)(2)(2)(2)(𝑎)(𝑎)(𝑏)(𝑥)(𝑥)(𝑦) denominators into prime
= (3)(3)(2)(2)(2)(2)(𝑎)(𝑎)(𝑎)(𝑏)(𝑏)(𝑥)(𝑦)(𝑦) factors if possible.

𝟑𝒙
= 𝟐𝒂𝒃𝒚 Simplify rational expressions
using laws of exponents

11
 𝟐𝒙𝟐 +𝒙−𝟔 𝒙𝟐 −𝟐𝒙−𝟖
Example 2: Divide 𝟐𝒙𝟐 +𝟕𝒙+𝟓
by 𝟐𝒙𝟐 −𝟑𝒙−𝟐𝟎

𝟐𝒙𝟐 +𝒙−𝟔 𝒙𝟐 −𝟐𝒙−𝟖 𝟐𝒙𝟐 +𝒙−𝟔 𝟐𝒙𝟐 −𝟑𝒙−𝟐𝟎

𝟐𝒙𝟐 +𝟕𝒙+𝟓
÷ 𝟐𝒙𝟐 −𝟑𝒙−𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝒙𝟐 +𝟕𝒙+𝟓
⋅ 𝒙𝟐 −𝟐𝒙−𝟖
Multiply the dividend by the
(𝟐𝒙−𝟑)(𝒙+𝟐) (𝒙−𝟒)(𝟐𝒙+𝟓) reciprocal of the divisor.
= ⋅
(𝟐𝒙+𝟓)(𝒙+𝟏) (𝒙+𝟐)(𝒙−𝟒)

(𝟐𝒙−𝟑)(𝒙+𝟐)(𝒙−𝟒)(𝟐𝒙+𝟓) Why do we need to factor out the

= (𝟐𝒙+𝟓)(𝒙+𝟏)(𝒙+𝟐)(𝒙−𝟒) numerators and denominators?

𝟐𝒙−𝟑
= 𝒙+𝟏
What happens to the common
factors between numerator and
denominator?

How to add and subtract similar rational algebraic expressions?

REMEMBER
In adding or subtracting similar rational
!
expressions, add or subtract the numerators and
write the answer in the numerator of the result over
the common denominator. In symbols,

𝒂 𝒄 𝒂+𝒄
+ = , 𝒃𝒅 ≠ 𝟎
𝒃 𝒃 𝒃
Clipart 3

𝟐𝒂 𝟑𝒂
Example 1: Add 𝒂𝒃+𝒂𝒄
+ 𝒂𝒃+𝒂𝒄
𝟐𝒂 𝟑𝒂 𝟐𝒂+𝟑𝒂
+ = ▪ Combine like terms in the
𝒂𝒃+𝒂𝒄 𝒂𝒃+𝒂𝒄 𝒂𝒃+𝒂𝒄
𝟓𝒂 numerator.
= 𝒂(𝒃+𝒄) ▪ Factor out either the
𝟓𝒂 numerator or the
= 𝒂(𝒃+𝒄) denominator.

𝟓
= 𝒃+𝒄 Simplify rational expressions

using laws of exponents.

𝒙𝟐 +𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟑𝒙+𝟑
Example 2: Subtract 𝒙𝟐−𝟐𝒙+𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐−𝟐𝒙+𝟏
Change the sign of each term
𝒙𝟐 +𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟑𝒙+𝟑 𝒙𝟐 +𝟑𝒙+𝟐−(𝟑𝒙+𝟑)
− = of the subtrahend.
𝒙𝟐 −𝟐𝒙+𝟏 𝒙𝟐 −𝟐𝒙+𝟏 𝒙𝟐 −𝟐𝒙+𝟏
𝒙𝟐 +𝟑𝒙+𝟐−𝟑𝒙−𝟑
= 𝒙𝟐−𝟐𝒙+𝟏
Combine like terms in the
𝒙𝟐 +𝟑𝒙+𝟐−𝟑𝒙−𝟑 numerator
= 𝒙𝟐−𝟐𝒙+𝟏
𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
= (𝒙−𝟏)𝟐
Factor out both numerator
(𝒙−𝟏)(𝒙+𝟏)
= (𝒙−𝟏)(𝒙−𝟏) and the denominator and
simplify rational expressions
𝒙+𝟏
= 𝒙−𝟏

12
How to add and subtract dissimilar rational algebraic expressions?

REMEMBER
! In adding or subtracting dissimilar rational expressions,
change the rational algebraic expressions into similar rational
algebraic expressions using the least common denominator
or LCD and proceed as in adding or subtracting
similar fractions.
Clipart 3

𝟓 𝟐
Example 1: Find the sum of and
𝟏𝟖𝒂𝟒 𝒃 𝟐𝟕𝒂𝟑 𝒃𝟐 𝒄
Express the denominators as
𝟓 𝟐 𝟓 𝟐 prime factors.
𝟏𝟖𝒂𝟒 𝒃
+ 𝟐𝟕𝒂𝟑𝒃𝟐𝒄 = (𝟑𝟐 )(𝟐)𝒂𝟒 𝒃
+ (𝟑𝟑)𝒂𝟑𝒃𝟐𝒄

Denominators of the rational

𝟓 𝟐
LCD of (𝟑𝟐 )(𝟐)𝒂𝟒 𝒃
and 𝟑 𝟑 𝟐
(𝟑 )𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
algebraic expressions.

𝟑 𝟐
(𝟑𝟐 )(𝟐)𝒂𝟒 𝒃 and (𝟑 ) 𝒂𝟑𝒃 𝒄 Take the factors of the denominators. When the same
factor is present in more than one denominator, take the
The LCD is (𝟑𝟑 )(𝟐)𝒂𝟒 𝒃𝟐 𝒄 factor with the highest exponent. The product of these
factors is the LCD.

𝟓 𝟑𝒃𝒄 𝟐 𝟐𝒂
= (𝟑𝟐)(𝟐)𝒂𝟒𝒃 ∙ 𝟑𝒃𝒄 + (𝟑𝟑)𝒂𝟑𝒃𝟐𝒄 ∙ 𝟐𝒂 Find a number equivalent to 1 that
should be multiplied to the rational
(𝟓)(𝟑)𝒃𝒄 (𝟐𝟐 )𝒂 algebraic expressions so that the
= (𝟑𝟑 )(𝟐)𝒂𝟒 𝒃𝟐𝒄 + (𝟑𝟑 )(𝟐)𝒂𝟒𝒃𝟐 𝒄 denominators are the same with the
LCD.
15𝑏𝑐 4𝑎 𝟏𝟓𝒃𝒄+𝟒𝒂
= 54𝑎4 𝑏2 𝑐 + 54𝑎4 𝑏2 𝑐 = 𝟓𝟒𝒂𝟒 𝒃𝟐 𝒄

𝒕+𝟑 𝟖𝒕−𝟐𝟒
Example 2: Subtract 𝒕𝟐 −𝟔𝒕+𝟗
and 𝒕𝟐 −𝟗
Express the denominators as
𝒕+𝟑 𝟖𝒕−𝟐𝟒 𝒕+𝟑 𝟖𝒕−𝟐𝟒
𝒕𝟐 −𝟔𝒕+𝟗
− 𝒕𝟐 −𝟗
= (𝒕−𝟑)(𝒕−𝟑) − (𝒕−𝟑)(𝒕+𝟑) prime factors and write them in
factored form so you can easily
determine the LCD.
𝒕+𝟑 𝟖𝒕−𝟐𝟒
LCD of and
𝒕𝟐 −𝟔𝒕+𝟗 𝒕𝟐 −𝟗

(𝒕 − 𝟑)(𝒕 − 𝟑) and (𝒕 – 𝟑)(𝒕 + 𝟑)

The LCD is (𝒕 − 𝟑)(𝒕 − 𝟑)(𝒕 + 𝟑)

Remember: Do the usual way of

dividing dissimilar fractions.
(𝒕+𝟑)(𝒕+𝟑)−(𝒕−𝟑)(𝟖𝒕−𝟐𝟒)
= (𝒕−𝟑)(𝒕−𝟑)(𝒕 + 𝟑)

𝒕𝟐 +𝟔𝒕+𝟗−(𝟖𝒕𝟐 −𝟒𝟖𝒕+𝟕𝟐) Combine similar terms

= 𝒕𝟑 −𝟑𝒕𝟐 −𝟗𝒕+𝟐𝟕

𝒕𝟐 + 𝟔𝒕 + 𝟗−𝟖𝒕𝟐 +𝟒𝟖𝒕−𝟕𝟐
= 𝒕𝟑 −𝟑𝒕𝟐 −𝟗𝒕+𝟐𝟕

–𝟕𝒕𝟐 + 𝟓𝟒𝒕 – 𝟔𝟑
= 𝒕𝟑 – 𝟑𝒕𝟐−𝟗𝒕+ 𝟐𝟕

13
How to simplify complex rational algebraic expressions?

Complex Rational Algebraic Expression is an expression where the numerator or

denominator or both the numerator and the denominator are rational algebraic
expressions.

REMEMBER
! Simplifying complex rational expressions is
transforming it into a simple rational expression.
You need all the concepts learned previously
to simplify complex rational expressions.
Clipart 3

𝟐 𝟑
−
Example 1: Simplify 𝒂 𝒃
𝟓 𝟔
+
𝒃 𝒂𝟐

𝟐 𝟑 Main fraction bar (—) is a line that

−
= 𝟓𝒂 𝒃 separates the main numerator and the
𝟔
+ 𝟐
𝒃 𝒂
main denominator.

𝟐 𝒃 𝟑 𝒂 𝑏 𝑎 𝑎2 𝑏
( ∙ )−( ∙ ) Where did and in the main numerator and the and
𝒂 𝒃 𝒃 𝒂
= 𝟓 𝒂𝟐
𝑏 𝑎 𝑎2 𝑏
𝟔 𝒃
( ∙ 𝟐 )+( 𝟐 ∙ ) in the main denominator come from?
𝒃 𝒂 𝒂 𝒃

𝟐𝒃 𝟑𝒂 𝟐𝒃−𝟑𝒂
( )−( ) What happens to the main numerator and
𝒂𝒃 𝒂𝒃 𝒂𝒃
= 𝟓𝒂 𝟐 𝟔𝒃
= (𝟓𝒂𝟐 +𝟔𝒃)
the main denominator?
( 𝟐 )+( 𝟐𝒃 )
𝒂 𝒃 𝒂 𝒂𝟐 𝒃

𝟐𝒃−𝟑𝒂 (𝟓𝒂𝟐 +𝟔𝒃) What principle is used in this step?

= ÷
𝒂𝒃 𝒂𝟐 𝒃

𝟐𝒃−𝟑𝒂 𝒂𝟐 𝒃 (𝟐𝒃−𝟑𝒂)𝒂•𝒂•𝒃 Simplify the rational algebraic

= ∙ = expression
𝒂𝒃 (𝟓𝒂𝟐 +𝟔𝒃) (𝟓𝒂𝟐 +𝟔𝒃)𝒂•𝒃

(𝟐𝒃−𝟑𝒂)𝒂 What laws of exponents are used in

= this step?
𝟓𝒂𝟐 +𝟔𝒃

𝟐𝒂𝒃−𝟑𝒂𝟐
= 𝟓𝒂𝟐 +𝟔𝒃

𝑐 𝑐
−
𝑐2 −4 𝑐−2
Example 2: Simplify 1
1+
𝑐+2

𝑐 𝑐 𝑐 𝑐 𝑐 𝑐 (𝑐+2) 𝑐 𝑐(𝑐+2)
− − − ⋅ −
𝑐2 −4 𝑐−2 (𝑐−2)(𝑐+2) 𝑐−2 (𝑐−2)(𝑐+2) 𝑐−2 (𝑐+2) (𝑐−2)(𝑐+2) (𝑐−2)(𝑐+2)
= 1 = 1 = 𝑐+2 1 = 𝑐+2 1
1+ 1+ 1⋅ + +
𝑐+2 𝑐+2 𝑐+2 𝑐+2 𝑐+2 (𝑐+2)
𝑐 𝑐2 +2𝑐 2
𝑐−(𝑐 +2𝑐) −𝑐2 −2𝑐+𝑐 −𝑐2 −𝑐
−
(𝑐−2)(𝑐+2) (𝑐−2)(𝑐+2) (𝑐−2)(𝑐+2) (𝑐−2)(𝑐+2) (𝑐−2)(𝑐+2)
= 𝑐+2 1 = 𝑐+2+1 = 𝑐+2+1 = 𝑐+3
+
𝑐+2 (𝑐+2) 𝑐+2 𝑐+2 𝑐+2
−𝑐 2 −𝑐 𝑐+3 −𝑐 2 −𝑐 𝑐+2 (−𝑐 2 −𝑐)(𝑐+2)
= (𝑐−2)(𝑐+2) ÷ 𝑐+2 = (𝑐−2)(𝑐+2) ⋅ 𝑐+3 = (𝑐−2)(𝑐+2)(𝑐+3)

−𝑐 2 −𝑐
= (𝑐−2)(𝑐+3)

−𝒄𝟐 −𝒄
= 𝒄𝟐+𝒄−𝟔

14
 What’s More

Directions: Answer the activity below to measure your understanding

about the lesson. Use separate sheet of paper for your answers.

ACTIVITIY 1

Directions: Simplify the following rational Algebraic Expressions using the

operations.

A. Multiplication
8𝑚 10 5𝑟+50 𝑟−2 𝑎2 −𝑏2 𝑎2
1. ⋅ 2𝑚 2. ⋅ 3. ⋅ 𝑎−𝑏
5 𝑟+10 5 2𝑎𝑏

𝑥 2 −3𝑥 𝑥 2 −4 𝑚+1 8𝑚−80

4. ⋅ 5. ⋅ 𝑚2 −9𝑚−10
𝑥 2 +3𝑥−10 𝑥 2 −𝑥−6 3𝑚−15

B. Division

81𝑥𝑧 3 27𝑥 2 𝑧 2 𝑥 2 +2𝑥+1 𝑥 2 −1 2𝑎+2𝑏 4

1. ÷ 2. ÷ 𝑥 2+2𝑥+1 3. ÷𝑎
36𝑦 12𝑥𝑦 𝑥 2 +4𝑥+3 𝑎2 +𝑎𝑏

1 7𝑚2 8(10−𝑥) 𝑥−8

4. ÷ 5. ÷
2𝑚+10 4𝑚2 +20𝑚 (𝑥+1)(𝑥−10) (𝑥−8)(𝑥+1)

C. Addition and Subtraction of Similar Rational Algebraic Expressions

𝑥−2 𝑥−2 7 5 𝑥 2 +3𝑥−2 𝑥 2 −2𝑥+4

1. + 𝑥−1 2. − 4𝑥−1 3. +
𝑥−1 4𝑥−1 𝑥 2 −4 𝑥 2 −4
𝑚−3𝑛 𝑚+3𝑛 5 5𝑎+1
4. − 6𝑚3 𝑛 5. + 𝑎2+3𝑎+2
6𝑚3 𝑛 𝑎2 +3𝑎+2

D. Addition and Subtraction of Dissimilar Rational Algebraic Expressions

3 4 𝑥+8 3𝑥−2 3 2
1. + 2. + 3. −
𝑥+1 𝑥 𝑥 2 −4𝑥+4 𝑥 2 −4 𝑥 2 −𝑥−2 𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6

𝑥−6 3𝑥 5𝑥 3
4. + 6𝑥 3 +36𝑥 2 5. − 2𝑥−1
𝑥−4 𝑥−5
I GOT THIS!!!
E. Complex Rational Algebraic Expressions
𝑥−𝑦 𝑦 𝑏 2𝑏 1 3
− − −
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥
1. 𝑥 𝑥−𝑦 2. 𝑏−1 𝑏−2
2𝑏 3𝑏 3. 𝑎−2 𝑎−1
5 2
+ − +
𝑦 𝑥+𝑦 𝑏−2 𝑏−3 𝑎−2 𝑎−1

𝑥−3 𝑥+3 9
− 𝑥−4+
4. 𝑥+3 𝑥−3
𝑥−3 𝑥+3 5. 2𝑥+3
5
+ 𝑥+3−
𝑥+3 𝑥−3 2𝑥+3
Clipart 4

15
 What I Need To Remember

• The product of two rational expressions is the product of the

numerators divided by the product of the denominators. In symbols,

𝒂 𝒄 𝒂𝒄
⋅ = , 𝒃𝒅 ≠ 𝟎
𝒃 𝒅 𝒃𝒅

• The quotient of two rational algebraic expressions is the product of

the dividend and the reciprocal of the divisor. In symbols,

𝒂 𝒄 𝒂 𝒅 𝒂𝒅
÷ = ∙ = , 𝒃, 𝒄, 𝒅 ≠ 𝟎
𝒃 𝒅 𝒃 𝒄 𝒃𝒄

• In adding or subtracting similar rational expressions, add or

subtract the numerators and write the answer in the numerator of the result
over the common denominator. In symbols,

𝒂 𝒄 𝒂+𝒄
+ = , 𝒃𝒅 ≠ 𝟎
𝒃 𝒃 𝒃

• In adding or subtracting dissimilar rational expressions, change the

rational algebraic expressions into similar rational algebraic expressions
using the least common denominator or LCD and proceed as in adding or
subtracting similar fractions.

• Simplifying complex rational expressions is transforming it

into a simple rational expression. You need all the concepts
learned previously to simplify complex rational expressions.

Clipart 5

16
Lesson PROBLEM SOLVING INVOLVING
3 RATIONAL ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS
What I Need To Know

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

o demonstrate understanding of the key concepts of problem
solving involving rational algebraic expressions; and
o solve problems involving rational algebraic expressions.
What’s In
Let us recall our past lessons about rational algebraic expressions.

Simplifying rational expressions is one way of reducing rational

algebraic expression to its lowest term.
Example:
𝑥+6 𝑥+6 𝑥+6 𝟏
= = =
𝑥2 + 5𝑥 − 6 (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 6) (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 6) 𝒙 − 𝟏

We can also simplify rational expressions using steps and techniques in

solving operations on rational algebraic expressions.
▪ Multiplying Rational Algebraic Expressions

▪ Dividing Rational Algebraic Expressions

▪ Adding and Subtracting Similar Rational

Algebraic Expressions
▪ Adding and Subtracting Dissimilar
Rational Algebraic Expressions
▪ Simplifying Complex Rational
Algebraic Expressions

Note: The skill in performing the operations on rational

algebraic expressions is one of the key concepts in
solving rate-related problems.
Clipart 1

17
 What’s New

Two vehicles travelled (𝑥 + 4) kilometers.

The first vehicle travelled for (𝑥 2 – 16) hours
2
while the second travelled for hours. What
𝑥–4
is the speed of each vehicle?

Clipart 2

What is It

How to solve the problem stated above? Below are suggested steps in
solving problems involving rational algebraic expressions.

REMEMBER
!
Steps in solving problems involving rational algebraic expressions:

• Read and identify the problem;

• Gather information;
• Create an equation;
• Solve the problem; and
• Finalize and check the answer. Clipart 3

Example 1:
Two vehicles travelled (𝑥 + 4) kilometers. The first vehicle travelled for
2
(𝑥 2 – 16) hours while the second travelled for 𝑥–4
hours. What is the speed of
each vehicle?
STEPS:
1. Read and identify the problem.
2. Gather information.
Speed
Vehicles Distance (km) Time(h)
Vehicle A 𝑥 + 4 𝑥 2 – 16
2
Vehicle B 𝑥 + 4
𝑥– 4

18
 3. Create an equation.
Equation
Vehicles Distance (km) Time(h)
𝑥 + 4
Vehicle A 𝑥 + 4 𝑥 2 – 16 𝑆=
𝑥 2 − 16
𝑥 + 4
2 𝑆=
Vehicle B 𝑥 + 4 2
𝑥– 4 𝑥– 4

4. Solve the problem. ▪ Remember the following ways of

Vehicle A factoring polynomials.
𝑥+4 ▪ Factor out the denominator. (Difference
𝑆 = (𝑥 2 – 16) of Two Squares)
𝑥+4
= (𝑥+4)(𝑥−4)
Cancel the common factor both in
𝟏
= the numerator and denominator.
𝒙+𝟒

Vehicle B
𝑥+4
𝑆= 2
𝑥–4 Apply the rules in dividing
rational algebraic expressions.
𝑥+4 2
= ÷
1 𝑥−4
𝑥+4 𝑥−4 Find the reciprocal of the divisor
= ⋅
1 2 then proceed to multiplication.
(𝑥+4)(𝑥−4)
= 2

𝒙𝟐 −𝟏𝟔
= 𝟐

5. Finalize and check the answer.

1
The Vehicle A has the speed of (𝑥+4) 𝑘𝑚/ℎ while the Vehicle B has the
𝑥 2 −16
speed of ( 2
) 𝑘𝑚/ℎ.

Example 2:
Seven divided by the sum of a number and two is equal to half the difference
of the number and three. Find all such numbers.
STEPS:
1. Read and identify the problem;
2. Gather information;
3. Create an equation.
Let's begin by defining our variable.

19
 Let 𝑥 = the number
Now we can set up our equation.
Seven divided by the sum of a number and two is equal to
7 𝑥−3
half the difference of the number and three. =
𝑥+2 2
4. Solve the problem. So, 𝑥 ≠ −2 because that would make the
denominator zero which would make the
7 𝑥−3
= expression undefined.
𝑥+2 2

Now we can cross multiply and solve!

7 ⋅ 2 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 3)
14 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 6 Add the additive inverse of 14 to both
−14 = −14 sides of the equation.
0 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 20
Factor out the quadratic trinomial
0 = (𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 4) 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 20 and equate each of the
𝒙 = 𝟓 or 𝒙 = −𝟒 two factors to zero (0).

5. Finalize and check the answer.

The numbers are 5 and − 4.
Check: 𝒙 = 𝟓
7 𝑥−3 7 ? (5)−3 7 ? 2 /
= = = 1=1
𝑥+2 2 (5)+2 2 7 2

𝒙 = −𝟒
7 𝑥−3 7 ? (−4)−3 7 ? −7 7 / 7
= = = − =−
𝑥+2 2 (−4)+2 2 −2 2 2 2

What’s More

NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!

ACTIVITY 1

Directions: Read the problems carefully and answer using your

knowledge in simplifying rational algebraic expressions. Follow the
steps suggested above for you to be guided.

3𝑥 5𝑥
1. Aina has 2
oranges, her friend Alyana has 2
oranges and Adeline has
7𝑥
2
oranges too. How many oranges do they have in all?

5𝑦−4 𝑦
2. Aida has slice of cake. She gave to her little sister. What part of
3 4
the cake was left to Aida?

𝑥+5
3. Shane has 35
chocolates, she wants to divide it

𝑥 2 +6𝑥+5
20
to her 7𝑥
friends. How much should each one receives?
 What I Need To Remember

Steps in solving problems involving rational

algebraic expressions:
1. Read and identify the problem;
2. Gather information;
3. Create an equation;
4. Solve the problem; and
Clipart 5
5. Finalize and check the answer.

What I Can Do

Activity 1. Directions. Answer the following problems and show your solution.
1
1. Supposed you want to paint a rectangular fence with the length of 2 𝑥 + 1 and
width of 4x- 2. What would be the area of the fence that you will be painting?

2. Supposed the area of the fence will be divided into 2x -1 paint, what would be
the simplified form of the area that will be painted?

Activity 2
Directions: Revisit the activities. There are sets of
rational algebraic expressions in the following table.
Check agree if column I is the same as column II and
check disagree if otherwise not the same and right your
answer on the My Answer column.

I II Agree Disagree My Answer

𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 𝑥 + 𝑦
⋅ 𝑥 −1 − 𝑦 −1
𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦
6𝑦 − 30 3𝑦 − 15 2𝑦
2
÷ 2
𝑦 + 2𝑦 + 1 𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑦+1
5 7 15 + 14𝑥
2
+
4𝑥 6𝑥 12𝑥 2
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
−
𝑏−𝑎 𝑎−𝑏 𝑏−𝑎
𝑎+𝑏 𝑏
− 𝑎2
𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
1 2 𝑎+𝑏
+
𝑏 𝑎

21
 Assessment (Post Test)

Instructions. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following statements is NOT true about algebraic expressions?

A. All algebraic expressions are polynomials.
B. All polynomials are algebraic expressions.
C. Algebraic expression can be translated to verbal phrases.
𝑃
D. A rational algebraic expression is a fraction 𝑄, where P and Q are
polynomials and Q is not equal to zero.

2. Which of the following is not a rational algebraic expression?

4𝑥−5 𝑑2
A. 2 C. 1
𝑥 −1 2+
𝑑 3
7 2𝑥 2 +𝑥−4
B. D.
𝑥−5 1
3. A process where the numerator and denominator will be factored first before
cancelling common factor/s is __________________.
A. Evaluating rational expressions
B. Definition of algebraic expressions
C. Simplifying rational algebraic expressions
D. Translating verbal phrases to algebraic expressions

6+3𝑥
4. What is the value of x in the expression if the expression is equal to 2?
3𝑥

A. 4 C. 2
B. 3 D. 1
𝑥+3𝑦
5. The current number of infected cases of corona virus in Japan is
2𝑧
a day, how many are there in a day if x = 25, y = 35 and z = 1?
A. 105 C. 65
B. 85 D. 75

45𝑦 5
6. Simplify to lowest terms.
81𝑦 7

5 5𝑦 2
A. C.
9𝑦 2 9
5 9
B. D.
𝑦2 𝑦2

22
 7𝑚+42
7. Simplify this equation .
𝑚2 +3𝑚−18

7 𝑚−3 7 m+3
A. B. C. D.
𝑚−3 7 m+3 7

For problems 8 – 12 perform the indicated operations.

7𝑥 42 1 1
8. + A. 7 B. −7 C.
7
D. −
7
𝑥−6 6−𝑥

8𝑣−56 𝑣 2 +9𝑣+18 𝑣+7 𝑣−7 𝑣−7 −𝑣+7

9. ⋅ A. B. C. D.
8𝑣+48 8𝑣 2 +24𝑣 8𝑣 −8𝑣 8𝑣 8𝑣

𝑏2 −2𝑏−15 2 (𝑏−3)(𝑏−5) (𝑏−3)(𝑏+5) (𝑏+3)(𝑏−5) (𝑏+3)(𝑏+5)

10. ÷ A. 4
B. 4
C. 4
D. 4
8𝑏+20 4𝑏+10

2 𝑥 𝑥 2 +2
11. − +
𝑥+3 𝑥−1 𝑥 2 +2𝑥−3
−𝑥 −𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
A. B. C. D.
(𝑥+3)(𝑥+1) (𝑥+3)(𝑥−1) (𝑥+3)(𝑥−1) (𝑥−3)(𝑥−1)

1 2
− 𝑚+3 −𝑚+3 𝑚+3 𝑚−3
𝑚+1 𝑚−1
12. 2 1 A. − B. C. − D.
+ 3𝑚+1 −3𝑚+1 3𝑚−1 3𝑚+1
𝑚−1 𝑚+1

For problems 13 – 15, answer the following word problems.

13. Working together, Jennifer and Lori can plant a vegetable garden in 3 hours.
If Lori works alone, it takes her 8 hours longer than it takes Jennifer to plant
the garden. How long does it take Lori to plant the vegetable garden by
herself?
A. 2 hours B. 8 hours C. 10 hours D. 12 hours

14. It takes Jordan 36 minutes to mow the lawn while it takes James 45 minutes
to mow the same lawn. If Jordan and James work together, using two lawn
mowers, how long would it take them to mow the lawn?
A. 18 minutes B. 20 minutes C. 22 minutes D. 24 minutes

15. The manager of So – Fab Clothesline Corp. asked you, as Human Resource
Officer, to hire more tailors to meet the production target of the year. What
will you look in hiring a tailor?
A. Speed and efficiency C. Time conscious and personality
B. Speed and accuracy D. Experience and personality

23
 24
4.
3.
2.

2
1
1. 𝑧

2
7𝑚

5. −8
DIVISION
8

2𝑏
𝑥

𝑎(𝑎+𝑏)
𝑥+5
3(𝑚−5)

(𝑥+1)2
(𝑥+3)(𝑥−1)
1. 8𝑚2
2. 𝑟 − 2
3.
4.
5.

MULTIPLICATION

LESSON 2
LESSON 1 – WHAT’S
MORE LESSON 1 – WHAT’S MORE
C. A. 1. the square of the product of 2
The following are not and n
rational 2. the cube of n plus the square of n
3. 7 less than 8a
4. the product of the sum of b and d
, , , 5. the factors x, 𝑦 2 and z
B.
1. 1 2. 12 3. 6
The rest are rationals.
LESSON 1
required.
Remember: This portion of the module contains all the answers. Your HONESTY is
Answer Key
 25
WHAT I CAN DO ACTIVITY 2
I II Agree Disagree My Answer
𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 𝑥 + 𝑦 1
⋅ 𝑥 −1 − 𝑦 −1
𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
6𝑦 − 30 3𝑦 − 15 2𝑦
÷
𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 + 1 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 𝑦+1
5 7 15 + 14𝑥 15 + 14𝑥 3
+
4𝑥 2 6𝑥 12𝑥 2 12𝑥 2
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
− −
𝑏−𝑎 𝑎−𝑏 𝑎−𝑏 𝑎−𝑏
𝑎+𝑏 𝑏
− 𝑎2
𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
1 2 𝑎+𝑏
+
𝑏 𝑎
Chocolates

Part of the

Oranges
𝑥

12

2
15𝑥
17𝑦−16
cake was left
5(𝑥+2)

LESSON 3 Activity 1
1.
2.
3.

Addition and
Subtraction of
Dissimilar Rational
Complex Rational Addition and Subtraction
Algebraic Expressions Algebraic Expressions of Similar Rational
Algebraic Expressions
𝑦(𝑥 2 −2𝑥𝑦−𝑦 2 ) 7𝑥+4
1. 𝑥(𝑥 2 +2𝑦𝑥−𝑦 2 ) 1. 2(𝑥−2)
𝑥(𝑥+1)
1. 𝑥−1
𝑏−3 2(2𝑥 2 +𝑥+10)
2. 2. 2
𝑏−1
(𝑥−2)2 (𝑥+2) 2. 4𝑥−1
2𝑎−5
3. 𝑥−11
2𝑥 2 +𝑥+2
− 7𝑎−9 3. (𝑥+1)(𝑥−2)(𝑥−3) 3. (𝑥+2)(𝑥−2)
6𝑥
4. − 𝑥 2 +9 2𝑥 3 −71𝑥−4
4. 1
2𝑥(𝑥+6)(𝑥−4) 4. − 𝑚3
𝑥−3
5.
𝑥+4 10𝑥 2 −8𝑥+15 5𝑎+6
5. 5.
(2𝑥−1)(𝑥−5) (𝑎+1)(𝑎+2)
 26
WHAT I CAN DO
ACTIVITY 1-
A. 2𝑥 2 +3x-2
B. x + 2
References
Electronic Sources:
Pierce, Rod. (28 Aug 2017). "Rational Expressions". Math Is Fun. Retrieved 15 Jun
2020 from http://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/rational-expression.html

Dawkins, Paul. (1 Nov 2017).”Rational Expressions” Paul’s Online notes. Retrieved

3 Jul 2020 from
https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/classes/alg/RationalExpressions.aspx

CK-12 Foundation. (2020). “Translate Verbal Phrase into Variable expressions.

Retrieved 2 Jul 2020 from https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-interactive-
middle-school-math-6-for-ccss/section/7.1/related/lesson/translate-verbal-
phrases-into-variable-expressions-
msm8/?fbclid=IwAR2uGurxqv29IDokOcy6QtOCAgzHh94UiffB46fepicmjh3VNd4NY
7G12ec

Learning Resource Material. DepEd (12 Oct 2010). “Rational Algebraic Expression
EASE Module 1”. Department of Education. Retrieved 3 Jul 2020 from
https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/detail/854

Pierce, Rod. (22 Feb 2019). “Polynomial Definition (Illustrated Mathematics

Dictionary)”. Math Is Fun. Retrieved 7 Jul 2020 from
http://www.mathsisfun.com/definitions/polynomial.html

Amaral, G., J. Bushee, U. G. Cordani, KOJI KAWASHITA, J. H. Reynolds, Fernando

FLÁVIO MARQUES De E ALMEIDA, F. F.M. de Almeida, et al. 2013. “K to 12
Most Essential Learning Competencies With Corresponding CG Codes.”
Journal of Petrology 369 (1): 1689–99. accessed July 11, 2020,
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
Fazio, Lisa, and Robert S. Siegler. 2010. “Teaching Fractions EDUCATIONAL
PRACTICES SERIES – 22.” International Academy of Eduction, 1–28. accessed
July 11, 2020, https://tinyurl.com/y2n8ygp5.
Paul, Dawkins. 2006. “Paul’s Online Math Notes.” accessed July 15, 2020,
https://tinyurl.com/y2m36afm.
“Multiplying Rational Expressions - Practice Problems,” 5–8. accessed July 15,
2020, https://tinyurl.com/yaspzqbd.
“Dividing Rational Expressions.” n.d., 4–7. accessed July 15, 2020,
https://tinyurl.com/y3zd6q95.
“Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions,” 124–30. accessed July 16, 2020,
https://tinyurl.com/yyde49u9.
“Rational Expressions and Rational Functions.” n.d. 11: 42–45. accessed July 16,
2020, https://tinyurl.com/yxqdt3re.
“Simplifying Complex Fractions - Practice Problems.” n.d. accessed July 20, 2020,
https://tinyurl.com/y4ewrnnm.

27
Books:
Mirabona, Isaac P.Interactive Mathematics 7. “Chapter 3 Algebraic Expression”.
(Innovative Educational Materials.,2356 Revilla St.,Sta. Ana, Manila.2013)
Nivera, Gladys. Elementary Algebra: Patterns and Practicalities. “Translating and
Evaluating Algebraic Expressions”. Salesianabooks by Don Bosco Press, Inc.Antonio
Amaiz cor. Chino Roces Avenues, Makati City. 2007
Caminade, Danrie E. et. al. Workbook in Mathematics 8 5th Edition. “Illustrating
Rational Algebraic Expression”.2018-2019.
Abuzo, Emmanuel P., et al. Mathematics 8 Learner’s Module. “Rational Algebraic
Expression”. Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat.
2nd Floor Dorm G, Philsports Complex, Meralco Avenue, Pasig City. 2013

Images:
Google image: retrieved July 17, 2020, https://tinyurl.com/y2ot6x5e
Clipart 1 : retrieved July 17, 2020, https://tinyurl.com/ya7h8exo
Clipart 2 : retrieved July 17, 2020, https://tinyurl.com/y5rodrc4
Clipart 3 : retrieved July 17, 2020, https://tinyurl.com/ybeh9k8y
Clipart 4 : retrieved July 17, 2020, https://tinyurl.com/ycegzumx
Clipart 5 : retrieved July 17, 2020, https://tinyurl.com/y32enma6
Clipart 6 : retrieved July 17, 2020, https://tinyurl.com/y4gt9kfj
Clipart 7 : retrieved July 17, 2020, https://tinyurl.com/y9bq7ybf

COVER PHOTO Retrieved 27th Jun 2020 from www.canva.com

Congratulations!
You are now ready for the next module. Always remember the following:

1. Make sure every answer sheet has your

o Name
o Grade and Section
o Title of the Activity or Activity No.
2. Follow the date of submission as agreed with your teacher.
3. Keep the modules with you.
4. Return them at the end of the school year.

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