1) Substance (A) converts bicarbonate salt solution into carbonate salt.

Substance (B) is added to convert carbonate salt solution into bicarbonate

salt solution.
Substance (C) can convert solid carbonate salt into CO2 gas
a) Both Substance (C) and substance (B) are HCl acid while substance (A) is
flame
b) Both Substance (A) and substance (B) are CO2 gas while substance (C) is
HCl
c) Substance (A) is flame, substance (B) is CO2 gas and substance (C) is HCl
acid.
d) No correct answer

2) If 3.15g of acid X neutralizes with 500 mL of 0.1M KOH so, anion of acid X is:
(H= 1, N=14, O=16, Cl= 35.5, Br= 80)
a) NO3-
b) Br-
c) Cl-
d) ClO4-

3) Which of the following is used to differentiate between solid salts of

sodium sulphide and sodium phosphate?
a) AgNO3(s)
b) Ca(OH)2(s)
c) HCl(aq)
d) More than one correct answer
4) From the following information:
1) We can differentiate between sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate
by using solution (X)
2) We can differentiate between barium sulphate and barium phosphate by
using solution (Y)
3) We can differentiate between silver phosphate and silver iodide by using
solution (Z)
Which of the following is correct?
a) when gas of (Y) reacts with (Z(g)), white fumes are produced
b) when (Y) reacts with (X), it produces a gas which changes clear lime water
to milky
c) when adding excess of (Z) to Al3+ salts, a ppt is produced then disappears
d) when adding (Y) to the ppt. which is produced from the reaction of (X) with
barium chloride, the ppt. disappears.

5) Differentiation between calcium hydroxide solution and sodium

hydroxide solution can be carried out by all the following, except ………………
a) dil. H2SO4
b) ammonium carbonate
c) passing small amount of CO2
d) passing large amount of CO2

6) All of the following reactions do not involve oxidation and reduction,

except ........
a) Detection of iron III cation by confirmatory experiment
b) Detection of sulphate anion by main experiment
c) Detection of calcium cation by main experiment
d) Detection of thiosulphate anion by confirmatory experiment
7) A solid mixture its mass is 4 g of calcium hydroxide and calcium chloride,
it is titrated by 100 mL of 0.5M hydrochloric acid, so the percentage of
calcium hydroxide in the mixture is …………
[Ca=40, O=16, H=1, Cl=35.5]
a) 7.5%
b) 46.25%
c) 53.57%
d) 92.50%

8) When adding sodium hydroxide solution to 10 ml of aluminum sulphate

solution its concentration 0.1 M to obtain a clear solution, the mass of
sodium hydroxide needed for this reaction is ………………………
[If you know that the mass of NaOH =40 g/mole]
a) 2.40 g
b) 320 g
c) 0.320 g
d) 0.24 g

9) In titration process to measure the concentration of solution (X) by

using caustic soda as a standard solution, when the end point of reaction
is reached:
a) methyl orange color changes from orange to red.
b) methyl orange color changes from orange to yellow.
c) methyl orange color changes from yellow to orange.
d) methyl orange color changes from red to orange.

10) Which of the following is required to obtain a single brown precipitate

from a mixture solution of Fe3+ and Fe2+ cations?
a) Addition of acidified reducing substance and then alkaline medium.
b) Addition of acidified reducing substance and then acidic medium.
c) Addition of an acidified oxidizing substance then an alkaline medium.
d) Addition of an acidified oxidizing substance then an acidic medium.
11) 0.4 g of a drug sample contains an effective substance of diprotic acid its
molar mass is 180 g/mol, it reacted completely with 30 mL of 0.1 M caustic
soda solution.
The % of the acid in the drug = ………………….
a) 67.5 %
b) 76.5 %
c) 77.5 %
d) 78.5 %

12) Find the number of water molecules of crystallization in the formula of

hydrated sodium sulphate which keeps 53% of its solid mass by strong
heating.
[Na = 23 , S = 32, O = 16 , H = 1]
a) X =2
b) X= 3
c) X = 7
d) X = 5

13) 1L of calcium chloride solution of concentration 0.3M was added to 1L of

sulphuric acid of concentration 0.4M, then barium hydroxide solution was
added to neutralize the excess of the acid so it formed a precipitate. Then
the number of moles of the excess acid and the mass of the formed
precipitate equals ………
[H2SO4= 98g/mol, BaSO4= 233 g/mol, Ba(OH)2= 171 g/mol]

a) 0.2 mol – 46.6g

b) 0.1 mol – 93.2g
c) 0.1 mol – 23.3g
d) 0.3 mol – 69.9g

14) When adding barium chloride solution to cadmium sulphate, the color
of the observed solution is?
a) white
b) colorless
c) yellow
d) yellowish white
15) Mixing Al2(SO4)3 solution with CaCl2 solution leads to:
a) The formation of CaSO4 solution.
b) The precipitation of both AlCl3, CaSO4
c) The formation of AlCl3 solution.
d) a and c are correct

16) 0.1 mole of sodium hydroxide is added to 0.03 mol of aluminum chloride
solution, which of the following graphs represents the change in the mass of
the precipitate with the passage of time?
[Al=27, Cl=35.5, 0=16, Na=23, H=1]

a b c d

17) Which of the following acidic radicals gives a precipitate with all of the
following cations?
(Ca2+, Pb2+, Ba2+)
a) Cl-
b) CO3-2
c) CH3COO-
d) SO42-
e) more than correct answer
18) In the schemes:

The number of compounds which are insoluble in water is………………

a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

19) We cannot use ……………… to differentiate between potassium bromide &

potassium iodide.
a) hot conc. H2SO4
b) starch paper.
c) AgNO3 solution
d) more than one correct answer

20) Anion (X) is from hot conc H2SO4 group, so when salt of anion (X) reacts
with the group reagent, its acid may be……………
a) replaced as a gas
b) replaced then partially oxidized giving gases
c) replaced then decomposed by heat giving gases
d) more than one correct answer

21) The color of potassium dichromate changes in all of the following,

except ………………
a) passing gas evolved from reaction of dil HCl to potassium sulphite
b) Adding sodium nitrite to it
c) passing gas evolved from reaction of dil HCl with sodium carbonate
d) passing gas evolved from reaction of conc H2SO4 to red hot iron
22) Which mixture can be separated into its components by adding water
then filtration?
a) Potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate
b) Silver nitrate and potassium iodide
c) Barium sulphate and magnesium sulphate
d) Silver bromide and silver sulphite

Essay questions :
1) It was observed during the main experiment of both anions (X&Y) the
same odourless gas. If you know that the main test can’t differentiate
between them.
I- identify the two anions.
II-How can you identify the resulted gas?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2) It was observed during the main experiment of both anions (X&Y) the
same colorless gas. If you know that the main test can differentiate
between them.
I- identify the two anions.
II-How can you identify the resulted gas?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 Detailed model answer
1) c
• Flame (Heat) changes bicarbonate salt into carbonate salt as :
∆
Mg(HCO3)2(aq) → MgCO3(s)↓ + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
Lma nsa5an el bi btro7 fl bye bye.
• By adding CO2 to carbonate salt solution, it will change into
bicarbonate salt solution as :
𝑺𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒕 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆
CO2(g) + Ca(OH)2(aq) → CaCO3(s)↓ + H2O(l)
𝑳𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆
If long time: CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) → Ca(HCO3)2 (colorless/soluble)
On passing CO2 gas on CaCO3, it changes into Ca(HCO3)2

• On adding HCl to solid carbonate salt during the main experiment for
detecting carbonate anion, CO2 gas is produced.
𝒆𝒇𝒇.
Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)↑
So, choice c is correct.
2) a
From the choices, we can conclude that the acid maybe HNO 3 or HBr or HCl or
HClO4 ➔ The acid is monoprotic (Contain 1 H+) as all the given anions are
monovalent ➔ Let the formula of the acid be HX
HX + KOH ➔ KX + H2O
Ma = ? Mb = 0.1M
Va = ? Vb = 500x10-3L
na = 1 nb = 1

𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝑴𝒃𝑽𝒃

=
𝒏𝒂 𝒏𝒃
𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒅 𝟎. 𝟏𝒙𝟓𝟎𝟎𝒙𝟏𝟎¯³
=
𝟏 𝟏
No . of moles of acid = 0.05 mol.
Mass of acid = 3.15gm (given)
So,
0.05 mole ➔ 3.15gm
1 mole ➔ molar mass
Molar mass of acid = 63gm/mol.
• Molar mass of HNO3 = 1 + 14 + (16x3) = 63 gm/mol.
So, this acid is nitric acid (Choice a is correct).
• Choice b is excluded as molar mass of HBr = 1 + 80 = 81 gm/mol.
• Choice c is excluded as molar mass of HCl = 1 + 35.5 = 36.5gm/mol.
• Choice d is excluded because molar mass of perchloric acid = 1 + 35.5
+ (4x16) = 100.5 gm/mol.
3) C
• Choice a is excluded because solid AgNO3 with solid salts of Na2S and
Na3PO4 will not react ➔ No aqueous solution = no reaction medium =
no reaction.
Take care : If the question says salt solution of sodium sulphide and
sodium phosphate ➔ AgNO3 could differentiate between them as it
forms Ag2S (black ppt) with sulphide anion and yellow ppt. of Ag3PO4
with phosphate anion.
But the question says that they’re solid salts.
• Choice b is excluded as solid calcium hydroxide can’t form ppt. with
solid salts of sodium sulphide and sodium phosphate ➔ No aqueous
solution = no reaction medium = no reaction.
• Choice c is correct as HCl is the main reagent for sulphide anion so, it
will react with sodium sulphide yielding H2S gas which has a bad smell.
Na2S(s) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + H2S↑
While it can’t react with sodium phosphate as phosphate anion is
derived from phosphoric acid which has more stability than HCl so, HCl
can’t react with solid salt of sodium phosphate as it can’t replace
phosphoric acid from its salt.
• Choice d is excluded as only choice c is correct.
4) A
• Solution X ➔ Magnesium sulphate solution as we use it in the
confirmatory test for both carbonate and bicarbonate anions and it
can differentiate between them as it forms white ppt. on cold with
carbonate salt, while it forms white ppt. after heating with bicarbonate
salt.
Na2CO3(aq) + MgSO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + MgCO3(s)↓
2NaHCO3(aq) + MgSO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + Mg(HCO3)2(aq)
∆
Mg(HCO3)2(aq) → MgCO3(s)↓ + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
• Solution Y ➔ Dil. HCl as it can differentiate between barium sulphate
and barium phosphate as barium phosphate dissolves in dil. HCl while
barium sulphate is insoluble in dil. HCl.
• Solution Z ➔ Ammonia solution as silver phosphate is soluble in it while
silver iodide is insoluble in it.
So,
• Choice a is correct as when gas of Y ➔ HCl gas reacts with Z(g)
“Ammonia gas”, white clouds (fumes) are formed.
↑HCl(g) + NH3(g) → NH4Cl(s)↑
• Choice b is excluded because on adding Magnesium sulphate (X) to
dil. HCl (Y), CO2 gas isn’t produced.
• Choice c is excluded because when adding ammonia solution to
Aluminum salt solution, a white ppt of Al(OH)3 is formed but it will not
disappear, it dissolves in NaOH not ammonia solution.
• Choice d is excluded as the ppt. produced from reacting MgSO4 (X) with
barium chloride is BaSO4 so, it doesn’t dissolve in Y (Dil. HCl).
5) D
• Choice a is excluded as :
2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2O
Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4 → CaSO4 + 2H2O
So, Calcium hydroxide produces a white ppt. of CaSO 4 with dil. H2SO4
while NaOH can’t.
• Choice b is excluded as :
2NaOH + (NH4)2CO3 ➔ Na2CO3 + 2NH4OH
Ca(OH)2 + (NH4)2CO3 ➔ CaCO3 + 2NH4OH
So, Calcium hydroxide produces a white ppt. of CaCO3 with ammonium
carbonate while NaOH can’t.
• Choice c is excluded as :
CO2 + NaOH ➔ Na2CO3 + H2O
𝑺𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒕 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆
CO2(g) + Ca(OH)2(aq) → CaCO3(s)↓ + H2O(l)
On passing CO2 gas for short time, Calcium hydroxide produces a white
ppt. of CaCO3 while NaOH can’t.
• Choice d is correct as :
𝑺𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒕 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆
• CO2(g) + Ca(OH)2(aq) → CaCO3(s)↓ + H2O(l)
𝑳𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆
If long time: CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) → Ca(HCO3)2 (colorless/soluble)
On passing CO2 for long time, both calcium hydroxide and sodium
hydroxide can’t form ppt. ➔ Can’t differentiate between them.
6) D
• Choice A is excluded as
FeCl3(aq) + 3NaOH(aq) → 3NaCl(aq) + Fe(OH)3(s)↓
No oxidation-reduction reaction is involved.
• Choice b is excluded because
Na2SO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + BaSO4(s)↓
No oxidation-reduction reaction is involved.
• Choice c is excluded because
CaCl2(aq) + (NH4)2CO3(aq) → 2NH4Cl(aq) + CaCO3(s)↓
No oxidation-reduction reaction is involved.
• Choice d is correct because
2Na2S2O3(aq) + I2(aq) → Na2S4O6(aq) sodium tetrathionate + 2NaI(aq)
- Oxidation state of I in I2 = 0 as it is found in its atomic state
- Oxidation state of I in NaI = -1
So, reduction occurs to iodine, while oxidation occurs to Sulphur.

7) B
CaCl2 ➔ will not react with HCl “Common ion”
Only Ca(OH)2 will react.
Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl→ CaCl2 + 2H2O

Acid(HCl) Base(Ca(OH)2)
Ma = 0.5 M Mb = X
Va =100 x 10⁻³ L Vb = X
Na =2 Nb = 1
𝐌 𝐕 𝐧𝐨. 𝐨𝐟 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐬
𝐚 𝐚= −
𝐧 𝟑 𝐧𝐛
𝐚
𝟎.𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎 𝐧𝐨. 𝐨𝐟 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐬
=
𝟐 𝟏
No. of moles of Ca(OH)2 = 0.025moles
For Ca(OH)2
molar mass of Ca(OH)2 = 40 + 2(1+16) =74 gm
1 mole of Ca(OH)2 → molar mass = 74 g
0.025 moles → X g
X = 1.85g
1.85
% of Ca(OH)2 = × 100 = 46.25%
4
8) C
6NaOH +Al2(SO4)3 → 3Na2SO4+2Al(OH) 3 ↓
2Al(OH)3 + 2NaOH ➔ 2NaAlO2 + H2O
Total no. of moles of NaOH needed to form a clear solution ➔ 6+2 = 8 moles.
-3 -3
No. of Al2(SO4)3 = concentration x volume = 0.1 x 10x 10 = 1 x 10 mol
Al2(SO4)3 ➔ 8 NaOH
1 mole ➔ 8 moles
-3
1x10 mol ➔ X mole
-3
X = 8x10 mol.
Mass = no. of moles x molar mass
-3
= 8x10 x 40
= 0.32 gm

9) D
• Using caustic soda as a standard
solution ➔ Caustic soda = NaOH ➔ basic
solution in the burette while acidic
solution is found in the conical flask with
the indicator.
• Acidic solution in the flask with the
indicator (methyl orange) ➔ the medium
is acidic ➔ color of methyl orange in
acidic medium is red.
• Neutralization happens ➔ the solution in
the flask become neutral ➔ color of
methyl orange will turn into orange.
So, the color changes from red (due to the
presence of acidic solution in the flask with the
indicator before neutralization) into orange (due to the occurrence of
neutralization).
10) C
• Brown precipitate ➔ Fe(OH)3 as it has reddish-brown color so, we need
to obtain Fe(OH)3 from a mixture of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ➔ we should add
oxidizing agent such as acidified potassium dichromate or acidified
potassium permanganate in order to convert all Fe2+ ions into Fe3+ ions
and also, this wouldn’t affect the existed Fe3+ ions as Fe3+ is readily
oxidized and isn’t affected by oxidizing agents.
Then, we must add alkaline solution as NaOH or NH4OH to Fe3+ ions in
order to form Fe(OH)3 which is a reddish brown ppt.
FeCl3(aq) + 3NaOH(aq) → 3NaCl(aq) + Fe(OH)3(s)↓
FeCl3(aq) + 3NH4OH(aq) → 3NH4Cl(aq) + Fe(OH)3(s)↓

So, choice c is correct.

11) A
Caustic soda = NaOH
Diprotic acid ➔ Acid that contain 2 hydrogen ions ➔ Example : H2SO4 ➔ Let
the acid formula be H2X
So,
H2X + 2NaOH → Na2X + 2H2O
Ma = ? Mb = 0.1M
Va = ? Vb = 30x10-3L
na = 1 nb = 2

𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝑴𝒃 𝑽𝒃
=
𝒏𝒂 𝒏𝒃
𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒅 𝟎. 𝟏 𝒙 𝟑𝟎𝒙𝟏𝟎¯³
=
𝟏 𝟐
No . of moles of acid = 1.5x10-3 mol.
Mass of acid = molar mass x no. of moles
= 180 x 1.5x10-3
= 0.27gm
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑
% of acid in the mixture = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 x 100
0.27
= x 100
0.4
= 67.5%
12) C
𝚫
Na2SO4.XH2O → Na2SO4 + XH2O↑
Percentage of salt (Na2SO4) = 53%
Percentage of water crystallization (XH2O) = 100% - 53% = 47%
Molar mass of Na2SO4 = (23x2) + (32) + (16x4) = 142gm
Molar mass of H2O = (2×1) +16 = 18g
Na2SO4 ➔ XH2O
53g ➔ 47g
142g ➔ 18X
142x47
X= ≈7
53x18
Formula of salt: Na2SO4.7H2O

13) C
First step : All the amount of Ca(OH)2 reacts with part of the H2SO4 amount so,
Total no. of moles of CaCl2 = MV = 0.3 x 1 = 0.3 mol.
Total no. of moles of H2SO4 = MV = 0.4 x 1 = 0.4 mol.
CaCl2 + H2SO4 ➔ CaSO4 + 2HCl
1 mole of CaCl2 ➔ 1 mole of H2SO4
0.3 mole of CaCl2 ➔ X mole of H2SO4
X = no. of reacted moles of H2SO4 = 0.3 mol.
Remained no. of moles of H2SO4 = total no. of moles – reacted no. of moles =
0.4 – 0.3 = 0.1 mole.
So,
Ba(OH)2 + H2SO4 ➔ BaSO4↓ + 2H2O
H2SO4 ➔ BaSO4
1 mole ➔ 1 mole
0.1 mole ➔ X mole
X = no. of moles of formed BaSO4 = 0.1 mol.
Mass of formed BaSO4 = molar mass x no. of moles
= 233 x 0.1
= 23.3 gm
So, choice c is correct.
14) b
On adding barium chloride to cadmium sulphate, it yields barium sulphate
and cadmium chloride
BaCl2 + CdSO4 → BaSO4 + CdCl2
Barium chloride is a white precipitate while cadmium chloride is a colorless
solution “Extra note: All salt solutions of non-transition elements are
colorless”
The question requires the color of the solution not the color of the
precipitate
Therefore the answer is choice b

15) c
On mixing Al2(SO4)3 with CaCl2 solution:
Al2(SO4)3 + 3CaCl2 → 2AlCl3 + 3CaSO4
Choice a:
CaSO4 is a precipitate not a solution
Therefore choice a is incorrect

Choice b:
AlCl3 is a solution not a precipitate
Therefore choice b is incorrect

Choice c:
AlCl3 is a solution
Therefore choice c is correct
16) b
3NaOH + AlCl3 → 3NaCl + Al(OH)3
Three moles of NaOH reacts with one mole of AlCl3
therefore 0.03 moles of AlCl3 requires 0.09 moles of NaOH
3 NaOH → 1 AlCl3
X NaOH → 0.03 AlCl3
3 𝑥 0.03
X= = 0.09 moles
1
Since we have 0.1 mole of NaOH, therefore we have excess NaOH
the number of excess NaOH moles = 0.1 – 0.09 = 0.01 moles
Therefore the mass of the precipitate will decrease as Al(OH)3 is soluble in
excess NaOH
Choice a:
This graph describes a continuous decrease in the mass until it vanishes
Which is incorrect
Therefore choice a is incorrect

Choice b:
This graph describes an increase in the mass as the precipitate forms
followed by a small decrease which is due to the excess NaOH moles
Therefore choice b is correct

Choice c:
The graph describes an increase in the mass without a decrease in the end
Therefore choice c is incorrect

Choice d:
This graph describes an increase in the mass followed by a decrease until it
vanishes which is not possible
Therefore choice d is incorrect
17) e
Choice a:
Ca+2 + 2Cl- → CaCl2 which is soluble in water not a precipitate
Pb+2 + 2Cl- → PbCl2 which is a white precipitate
Ba+2 + 2Cl- → BaCl2 which is soluble in water not a precipitate
Therefore choice a is incorrect

Choice b:
Ca+2 + CO3-2 → CaCO3 which is a white precipitate
Pb+2 + CO3-2 → PbCO3 which is a white precipitate
Ba+2 + CO3-2 → BaCO3 which is a white precipitate
Therefore choice b is correct

Choice c:
Ca+2 + CH3COO- → (CH3COO)2Ca which is soluble in water not a precipitate
Pb+2 + CH3COO- → (CH3COO)2Pb which is soluble in water not a precipitate
Ba+2 + CH3COO- → (CH3COO)2Ba which is soluble in water not a precipitate
Therefore choice c is incorrect

Choice d:
Ca+2 + SO4-2 → CaSO4 which is a white precipitate
Pb+2 + SO4-2 → PbSO4 which is a white precipitate
Ba+2 + SO4-2 → BaSO4 which is a white precipitate
Therefore choice d is correct

Therefore choice e is the correct answer

18) B
2Al(NO3)3 + 3Na2CO3→ Al2(CO3)3 + 6NaNO3
M → Al2(CO3)3
So, aluminum carbonate is ppt as All metal Carbonates are water insoluble
except Sodium, Potassium and Ammonium Carbonate.
Al2(CO3)3 + 6HCl→ 2AlCl3 + 3H2O + 3CO2
N → AlCl3 and it’s not ppt
Aluminum chloride with excess of NaOH gives sodium meta aluminate which
is soluble in water.
O → Sodium meta aluminate
So, for now only M is insoluble in water
Fe(NO3)2 + Na2CO3→ FeCO3 + 2NaNO3
P → FeCO3
So, iron carbonate is ppt as All metal Carbonates are water insoluble except
Sodium, Potassium and Ammonium Carbonate.
FeCO3 + 2HCl→ FeCl2+H2O+CO2
Q → FeCl2 and it’s not ppt
Iron II chloride with excess of NaOH gives iron II hydroxide which is white green
ppt.
R → Fe(OH)2
So, we have 3 compounds insoluble in water M(Al2(CO3)3),P(FeCO3) and
R(Fe(OH)2)
So, the correct answer is b
19) B
Conc. H2SO4 can differentiate between KBr and KI as they release Br2(v) and I2(v)
which we can differentiate between them by colour or by a paper wet with
starch

AgNO3 can differentiate between KBr and KI as it gives AgI and AgBr which
are precipitates with different colors

Starch paper reacts with I2(v) gives to give blue color, and with Br2(v) to give
yellow color, but it can't differentiate between KI and KBr

So, the answer is B

20) d
Anion from group conc. H2SO4 so it can be Br-, Cl-, I-, NO3-
It can be replaced as gas like: HCl, HBr.
Or be replaced and partially oxidized like: HBr which gives Br2.
Or be replaced and decomposed by heat giving gases like: HNO 3 which
produces H2O & NO2 & O2.
So, the answer is d
21) C
The color of potassium dichromate changes due to the occurrence of
oxidation- reduction reaction.
Choice a:
K2SO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) →2KCl(aq) + H2O(l) + SO2(g)
3SO2(g) + K2Cr2O7(aq) + H2SO4(aq)→K2SO4(aq) + Cr2(SO4)3(aq) + H2O(l)
So, choice a contains true information

Choice b:
By adding potassium dichromate to sodium nitrite, the nitrite anion
undergoes oxidation and gets converted to nitrate & and the color of
potassium dichromate changes from orange to green
So, choice b contains true information

Choice c:
Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
CO2 gas can’t be oxidized
So, choice c contains the wrong information

Choice d:
3Fe(s) + 8H2SO4(l) → FeSO4(aq)+Fe2(SO4)3(aq) +4 SO2(g) +8H2O(v)
3SO2(g) + K2Cr2O7(aq) + H2SO4(aq)→K2SO4(aq) +Cr2(SO4)3(aq) + H2O(l)
So, choice d contains true information

22) C
We can use filtration method to separate between precipitate and solution,
then we need one from the choices produce only one precipitate so we can
use filtration method to separate it

Choice C:
Barium sulphate is a white ppt while magnesium sulphate is an aqueous
solution then we will use filtration method to separate between them
Essay questions :

Essay questions :

1)

I- Carbonate (CO32-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) anions

II. By passing the resulted gas (CO2) on clear lime water for short time, it turns
into milky due to the formation of CaCO3 which is white ppt.

Explanation :

• Odourless gases ➔ CO2, HCl , HBr , HI, NO and NO2

• Two anions producing the same gas and the main test can’t
differentiate between them ➔ Carbonate and bicarbonate anions
which produce CO2 gas, where main test can’t differentiate between
them as they give the same result.
𝒆𝒇𝒇.
Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)↑
𝒆𝒇𝒇.
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)↑
2)

I. Sulphite (SO32-) and Thiosulphate (S2O32-)

II. It has an irritating smell and turns a paper wet with acidified potassium
dichromate into green.

Explanation :

• The same colorless gases resulted from two anions ➔ CO2 which is
resulted from carbonate and bicarbonate
or SO2 which is resulted from sulphite and Thiosulphate anions
• The main test can differentiate between them ➔ it can’t be carbonate
and bicarbonate because the main test can’t differentiate between
them as they give the same result.
𝒆𝒇𝒇.
• Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)↑
𝒆𝒇𝒇.
• NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)↑

• So, the gas is SO2 and the two anions are sulphite and Thiosulphate
which can be differentiated through the main experiment because
Thiosulphate anion produces yellow suspension of Sulphur with
evolving of SO2 gas, while sulphite produces SO2 gas only.