Scribd
Upload
1 views

Chapter 2C Types of Layouts

Uploaded by

ahmedzahra533
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1 views

Chapter 2C Types of Layouts

Uploaded by

ahmedzahra533
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

PRODUCTION FACILITIES

• Production quantity refers to the number of units of a given part or product


produced annually by the plant.
• The annual part or product quantities produced in a given factory can be
classified into three ranges:
1. Low production: Quantities in the range of 1 to 100 units
2. Medium production: Quantities in the range of 100 to 10,000 units
3. High production: Production quantities are 10,000 to millions of units.
• Depending on the types of products, the boundaries between the three
ranges may shift by an order of magnitude or so.
• Product variety refers to the different product designs or types that are
produced in a plant. When the number of product types made in a factory is
high, this indicates high product variety
PRODUCTION FACILITIES

• There is an inverse correlation


between product variety and
production quantity in terms of
factory operations.
• Manufacturing plants tend to
specialize in a combination of
production quantity and product
variety that lies somewhere
inside the diagonal band
PRODUCTION FACILITIES

• Products can be different, but the extent of the differences may be small or great.
• Let the terms “hard” and “soft” be used to describe these differences in product
variety:
• Hard product variety is when the products differ substantially. In an assembled
product, hard variety is characterized by a low proportion of common parts
among the products; in many cases, there are no common parts. Such as
differences between cars and trucks
• Soft product variety is when there are only small differences between products,
such as the differences between car models made on the same
production line.
PRODUCTION FACILITIES
LOW PRODUCTION

• The type of production facility usually associated with the quantity range of 1–100
units/year is the job shop, which makes low quantities of specialized and customized
products.
• The products are typically complex, such as experimental aircraft and special machinery
• Customer orders for these kinds of items are often special, and repeat orders may never
occur.
• Equipment in a job shop iss general purpose and thee labor force is highly skilled
• Maximum flexibility - Hard product variety
PRODUCTION FACILITIES
LOW PRODUCTION
• Fixed-position layout
If the product is large and heavy, and therefore difficult to move in the factory, it
typically remains in a single location, at least during its final assembly. Workers
and processing equipment are brought to the product, rather than moving the
product to the equipment.
• Process layout: in which the equipment is arranged according to function or type.
The lathes are in one department, the milling machines are in another
department, and so on. The process layout is noted for its flexibility;. Its
disadvantage is that the machinery and methods to produce a part are not
designed for high efficiency and Much material handling is required
PRODUCTION FACILITIES
LOW PRODUCTION

a. Fixed-position layout
b. Process layout:
PRODUCTION FACILITIES
MEDIUM PRODUCTION
• In the medium quantity range (100–10,000 units annually), two different types
of facility can be distinguished, depending on product variety.
When product variety is hard
• The traditional approach is batch production.
• Orders for each product are frequently repeated
• The production rate of the equipment is greater than the demand rate for any
single product type and so the same equipment can be shared among multiple
products
• The changeover between production runs takes time. Called the setup time or
changeover time.
• The equipment for batch production is usually arranged in a process layout
PRODUCTION FACILITIES
MEDIUM PRODUCTION
• Soft product variety:
• Extensive changeovers between one product style and the next may not be required.
• The processing or assembly of different parts or products is accomplished in cells
consisting of several workstations or machines. The term cellular manufacturing is
often associated with this type of production
• Each cell is designed to produce a limited variety of part configurations.
• The layout is called a cellular layout
PRODUCTION FACILITIES
HIGH PRODUCTION
• The high quantity range (10,000 to millions of units per year) is often referred to as mass
production. High demand rate for the product.
• Two
wo categories of mass pr
production can be distinguished:
(1)
1) Q production, involves the mass production of single parts on single pieces of
Quantityy p
equipment. The typical layout used in quantity production is the process layout
(2) Flow-line production, involves multiple workstations arranged in sequence, and the parts or
assemblies are pphysically moved through the sequence to complete the product. This is a
product
p layout, iin which the workstations are arranged into one long line

You might also like