Use the multiple choice questions below to practice what you know

about each unit’s topics. Once you answer the questions, check your
answers using the answer keys at the end of the document.

Unit 1 Review Q&A

1. What is a dependent variable in an experiment?
a. The factor being tested or manipulated
b. The variable that changes in response to the independent variable
c. A factor that stays the same throughout the experiment
d. The group that receives no treatment

2. Qualitative data is best described as:

a. Numerical measurements and values
b. Mathematical calculations
c. Descriptive observations using words
d. Statistical analysis results

3. In a scientific experiment, the control group is:

a. The group that remains unchanged
b. The group receiving the treatment
c. The variable being measured
d. The hypothesis being tested

4. Which of these is an example of quantitative data?

a. The smell of a flower
b. The texture of sand
c. The color of leaves
d. The temperature in degrees Celsius

5. A scientific hypothesis must be:

a. Proven correct every time
b. Testable and falsifiable
c. Based on qualitative data only
d. Approved by other scientists

6. The independent variable is:

a. The result of the experiment
b. The controlled factors
c. The factor being manipulated
d. The responding variable
7. A scientific theory is best described as:

O
a. An educated guess about an outcome
b. A well-tested explanation of natural phenomena
c. A random observation
d. An unchangeable fact

8. Which is an example of an inference?

a. Recording the temperature as 20°C
b. Measuring plant height in centimeters

O
c. Concluding a dinosaur was fast based on leg bones
d. Counting the number of leaves on a plant

9. A scientific law differs from a theory because it:

a. Is more important than a theory

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b. Describes what will happen under certain conditions
c. Can never be changed
d. Explains why something happens

10. Constants in an experiment are:

a. Variables that change during testing
b. Factors that affect the dependent variable

O
c. Factors kept the same throughout testing
d. The final results of the study

11. Which is an example of an experimental group?

a. Plants receiving regular water

Ob. Plants receiving a new fertilizer

c. Plants kept in darkness
d. Plants measured daily

12. A direct observation is:

a. Something inferred from data
b. A prediction about results

O
c. Information gathered using senses
d. A tested hypothesis

13. The dependent variable is also known as the:

a. Manipulated variable
b. Controlled variable

O
c. Responding variable
d. Constant variable

14. Qualitative data includes:

a. Weight measurements
b. Descriptions of behavior
c. Temperature readings
d. Time measurements

15. A hypothesis should be written as:

a. A question to be answered
b. A statement of cause and effect
c. A list of materials needed
d. A set of instructions

Unit 2 Review Q&A

1. What is the term for non-living components in an ecosystem?
a. Biotic factors
b. Abiotic factors
c. Ecological factors
d. Environmental agents

2. Which of the following is a virus that specifically infects bacteria?

a. Vaccine
b. Pathogen
c. Phage
d. Prion

3. What type of organism makes its own food through photosynthesis?

a. Heterotroph
b. Consumer
c. Decomposer
d. Autotroph

4. Which kingdom includes single-celled organisms with no true nucleus?

a. Protista
b. Fungi
c. Eubacteria
d. Plantae

5. DNA and RNA are examples of:

a. Proteins
b. Nucleic acids
c. Carbohydrates
d. Lipids
6. What is the term for specialized structures within eukaryotic cells?
a. Organelles
b. Cell walls
c. Membranes
d. Flagella

7. Which organisms are considered the most ancient form of life on Earth?
a. Protista
b. Eubacteria
c. Archaebacteria
d. Fungi

8. A cell containing a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles is called:

a. A prokaryote
b. A eukaryote
c. An autotroph
d. A heterotroph

9. The Endosymbiotic Theory explains:

a. How viruses evolve
b. How prokaryotes digest food
c. How eukaryotic cells originated
d. How bacteria reproduce

10. Which describes an organism made up of many cells working together?

a. Prokaryotic
b. Unicellular
c. Colonial
d. Multicellular

11. What type of organism must obtain food from other sources?
a. Heterotroph
b. Autotroph
c. Producer
d. Photoautotroph

12. Which kingdom includes organisms like amoebas and paramecia?

a. Fungi
b. Protista
c. Eubacteria
d. Archaebacteria

13. A substance that stimulates immunity against disease is called a:

a. Phage
b. Pathogen
c. Vaccine
d. Protein

14. Living components in an ecosystem are called:

a. Abiotic factors
b. Biotic factors
c. Chemical factors
d. Physical factors

15. The systematic grouping of organisms based on shared characteristics is called:

a. Biological classification
b. Natural selection
c. Species differentiation
d. Taxonomic ordering

Unit 3 Review Q&A

1. What is a monomer?
a. A large complex molecule made up of many repeating units
b. A single unit that can join with other similar units
c. A type of protein found in cell membranes
d. A complex carbohydrate structure

2. Which of the following best describes a phospholipid?

a. A protein that helps transport molecules
b. A sugar molecule with a phosphate group
c. A molecule with a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails
d. An enzyme that breaks down lipids

3. In which type of solution would a red blood cell burst?

a. Isotonic solution
b. Hypertonic solution
c. Hypotonic solution
d. Concentrated salt solution

4. What is the primary energy currency of the cell?

a. Glucose
b. Oxygen
c. Carbon dioxide
d. ATP
5. Which process involves the movement of materials from high to low concentration
without using energy?
a. Active transport
b. Endocytosis
c. Exocytosis
d. Diffusion

6. What term describes molecules that are "water-fearing"?

a. Hydrophilic
b. Hydrophobic
c. Amphipathic
d. Polar

7. Which cellular process requires ATP?

a. Passive transport
b. Simple diffusion
c. Active transport
d. Facilitated diffusion

8. What is the main function of glycoproteins in the cell membrane?

a. Energy storage
b. Cell recognition and signaling
c. Lipid synthesis
d. Water transport

9. In a hypertonic solution, cells will:

a. Maintain their normal size
b. Burst from taking in too much water
c. Shrivel up due to water loss
d. Divide rapidly

10. What type of molecule is DNA?

a. Protein
b. Carbohydrate
c. Lipid
d. Nucleic acid

11. Endocytosis is best described as:

a. The release of materials from the cell
b. The intake of materials into the cell
c. The passive movement of molecules
d. The breakdown of glucose

12. Which component is NOT typically found in the cell membrane?

a. Glycolipids
b. Cellulose
c. Phospholipids
d. Proteins

13. What describes a molecule that is "water-loving"?

a. Hydrophilic
b. Hydrophobic
c. Nonpolar
d. Neutral

14. Osmosis specifically refers to the diffusion of:

a. Proteins
b. Sugar
c. Water
d. Ions

15. What is the primary building block of proteins?

a. Nucleotides
b. Fatty acids
c. Amino acids
d. Glucose

16. Which process moves materials out of the cell?

a. Endocytosis
b. Exocytosis
c. Active transport
d. Osmosis

17. A polymer is:

a. A single molecular unit
b. A large molecule made of repeating units
c. A type of sugar
d. A membrane protein

18. In an isotonic solution:

a. Cells shrink
b. Cells swell
c. Cells maintain normal size
d. Cells burst

19. Carbohydrates primarily function as:

a. Energy storage molecules
b. Genetic material
c. Membrane barriers
d. Transport proteins
20. The cell membrane is best described as:
a. Rigid and unchanging
b. Fluid and dynamic
c. Completely solid
d. Permanently fixed

Unit 4 Review Q&A

1. What is the primary function of DNA primase in DNA replication?
a. To join Okazaki fragments together
b. To add RNA primers to the template strand
c. To remove RNA primers
d. To unwind the DNA double helix

2. Which structure contains DNA and proteins in an organized form within the nucleus?
a. Cell plate
b. Nucleolus
c. Chromatin
d. Spindle fibers

3. According to Chargaff's Rule, what is true about DNA base pairs?

a. A pairs with T, and G pairs with C
b. A pairs with G, and T pairs with C
c. A pairs with C, and G pairs with T
d. All bases can pair with each other

4. What structure forms during cytokinesis in animal cells?

a. Spindle fibers
b. Cell plate
c. Centrioles
d. Cleavage furrow

5. What is the sugar component found in DNA?

a. Ribose
b. Glucose
c. Deoxyribose
d. Fructose

6. Which term describes cells containing two sets of chromosomes?

a. Haploid
b. Monoploid
c. Triploid
d. Diploid

7. What structure helps organize and separate chromosomes during cell division?
a. Spindle fibers
b. Nucleolus
c. Cell plate
d. Nuclear membrane

8. Sister chromatids are:

a. Found only in reproductive cells
b. Present in different cells
c. Identical copies of a chromosome
d. Different from each other

9. The nucleolus is primarily responsible for:

a. DNA replication
b. ribosome assembly
c. protein synthesis
d. cell division

10. DNA ligase performs which function?

a. Joins DNA fragments together
b. Separates DNA strands
c. Adds nucleotides
d. Removes primers

11. Homologous chromosomes:

a. Are found in gametes
b. Carry different genes
c. Carry identical genes
d. Are formed during mitosis

12. Which describes the DNA double helix structure?

a. Parallel strands running in same direction
b. Antiparallel strands with complementary bases
c. Single strand of nucleotides
d. Parallel strands without base pairing

13. What type of cell undergoes mitosis?

a. Gametes
b. Reproductive cells
c. Somatic cells
d. Haploid cells
14. The centrioles are responsible for:
a. DNA synthesis
b. Organizing spindle fibers
c. Protein production
d. RNA synthesis

15. Daughter cells resulting from mitosis are:

a. Different from the parent cell
b. Haploid
c. Identical to the parent cell
d. Genetically unique

Unit 5 Review Q&A

1. What is the primary function of ATP in cellular processes?
a. Store genetic information
b. Break down glucose molecules
c. Store and transfer energy
d. Transport water through cells

2. Which organelle is known as the "powerhouse" of the cell?

a. Chloroplast
b. Mitochondria
c. Nucleus
d. Ribosome

3. Where does the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis occur?

a. Stroma
b. Cell wall
c. Cytoplasm
d. Thylakoid membrane

4. What is the end product of glycolysis?

a. Pyruvate
b. Glucose
c. ATP
d. Oxygen

5. Which structure allows gases to enter and exit plant leaves?

a. Xylem
b. Phloem
Oc.d. Stomata
Root hairs

6. What type of fermentation produces beer and wine?

a. Aerobic respiration

O
b. Lactic acid fermentation
c. Anaerobic respiration
d. Alcoholic fermentation

7. Which process converts ATP back to ADP?

O
a. Energy release
b. Photosynthesis
c. Fermentation
d. Glycolysis

8. What tissue transports sugar and nutrients in plants?

Oa. Phloem
b. Xylem
c. Epidermis
d. Mesophyll

9. During which process is glucose broken down to release energy?

a. Photosynthesis
b. Light-independent reaction

O
c. Cellular respiration
d. Transpiration

10. What happens during the Krebs cycle?

a. Glucose splits into pyruvate
b. ATP is converted to ADP
c. Oxygen is produced
d. Energy is extracted from food molecules
O
11. Which process occurs without oxygen?
a. Light-dependent reaction
b. Aerobic respiration

O c. Anaerobic respiration
d. Photosynthesis

12. What is the main function of chloroplasts?

a. Protein synthesis

Ob. Photosynthesis
c. Cell division
d. Energy storage
13. When does lactic acid fermentation occur in humans?
a. During normal breathing

0
b. During intense exercise
c. While sleeping
d. During digestion

14. What carries water up from roots to leaves in plants?

a. Phloem vessels
b. Guard cells
c. Xylem vessels
d. Stomata

15. Where does the light-independent reaction occur in chloroplasts?

a. Stroma
b. Thylakoid membrane
c. Cell wall
d. Mitochondria