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Guggenheim Museum, Frank Lloyd Wright, 1943

Spiral Design, Organic Form, Central Atrium


Modern Architecture: It is a landmark of modern architecture, reflecting Wright's departure from conventional design and his
embrace of new forms and materials. It is considered a masterpiece of 20th-century architecture and has influenced the design
of museums worldwide.
Bauhaus Campus, Dessau, Germany, Walter Gropius, 1926
Functional Design, Glass Curtain Walls, Asymmetrical Layout, Flat Roofs and Open Interiors
Bauhaus Movement “form following function” combining theoretical education with practical workshops.

Kiyonori Kikutake, sky house 1958


Elevated Structure, Modular Design, Integration with Nature, Minimalist Aesthetic
Metabolism: emerged in Japan in the late 1950s and 1960s. Metabolism proposed visionary concepts for urban design and
architecture, emphasizing adaptability, growth, and the integration of technology with organic forms.
Hunstanton School, Alison & Peter Smithson, Norwich, Norfolk, England, 1949-1954
Modernist Design Exposed Structure Functional Layout Use of Glass
New Brutalism:considered one of the first examples of New Brutalism,emerged in the mid-20th century.
This movement is characterized by an emphasis on raw materials, structural honesty, and a focus on functionality.
Hotel Tassel, Victor Horta. 1892-1893
Art Nouveau Design, Innovative Use of Materials, Decorative Elements, Open Floor Plan
Art Nouveau: sought to break away from traditional architectural styles by embracing new materials and
techniques, and emphasizing natural forms and decorative arts.

Le corbusier, Unite d, habitation, Marseille, 1947-1952


Brutalist Architecture, Vertical City Concept, Modular Design, Pilotis, Rooftop Terrace
characterized by an emphasis on volume over mass, the use of lightweight materials, and a rejection of ornamentation.
This movement sought to create a universal architectural language that transcended cultural and geographic boundaries.
Le Corbusier, Villa Savoye, 1928-1931
Pilotis, Flat Roof Terrace, Open Floor Plan, Horizontal Windows, Free Facade Design, Modernist Design
characterized by an emphasis on volume over mass, the use of lightweight materials, and a rejection of ornamentation.
This movement sought to create a universal architectural language that transcended cultural and geographic boundaries.
Mies van der Rohe, Farnsworth House, 1945-1951
Minimalist Design, Glass and Steel Structure, Open Floor Plan, Integration with Nature
emphasizes volume over mass, the use of lightweight materials, and a rejection of ornamentation. This movement is characterized
by its focus on functionality and the expression of structure.
Mies van der Rohe, Barcelona Pavilion, 1929
Minimalist Design Use of Materials Open Plan and Reflective Pools
emphasizes volume over mass, the use of lightweight materials, and a rejection of unnecessary ornamentation. This style
became a dominant force in mid-20th-century architecture.
Adolf Loos, Muller House, 1930
Raumplan Concept Minimalist Aesthetic Luxurious Materials Functional Layout
Raumplan Concept: The Müller House is a prime example of Loos's "Raumplan" (spatial plan) concept, which involves
designing spaces based on their function and volume rather than adhering to a traditional floor plan. This results in a dynamic
interior with varying ceiling heights and interconnected rooms
Plug-in City Warren Chalk, Peter Cook, Dennis Crompton, Archigram, 1965
Modular Design Infrastructure Framework Dynamic and Adaptable Integration of Technology
Metabolist Movement: While Archigram was based in the UK, their ideas shared similarities with the Metabolist movement in JP
which also explored concepts of modularity and adaptability in urban design. Futurism and Utopian Visions
Nakagin Capsule Tower, Kisho Kurokawa, 1972
Modular Design, Compact Living Spaces, Innovative Construction, Flexibility and Adaptability
Metabolism:The Metabolist movement emerged in Japan in the 1960s, focusing on adaptable, sustainable, and organic urban
growth. It envisioned cities as dynamic and evolving entities, with architecture that could grow and change over time.
Alvar Aalto, Piamio Sanatorium, 1929-1932
Patient-Centric Design, Functional Aesthetics, Integration with Nature
Aalto's work is associated with the modernist movement, which emphasized simplicity, functionality, and the use of new materials
and technologies. However, Aalto's approach was distinct in its emphasis on humanism and organic forms.
Falling Water, Frank Lloyd Wright, 1939
Integration with Nature Cantilevered Design Use of Local Materials Open Floor Plan Organic Architecture:
A movement that seeks to create buildings that are in harmony with their surroundings. This approach emphasizes the use of
natural materials, integration with the landscape, and designs that reflect the natural environmentnew materials and technologies.
However, Aalto's approach was distinct in its emphasis on humanism and organic forms.

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