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electromahnetic inductor

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18 views6 pages

electromahnetic inductor

Uploaded by

10274.stkabirdia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Electromagnetic Induction

Aim

To study the phenomenon of Electromagnetic Induction

Introduction

1.Electro Magnet:
An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic
field is produced by electric current. The magnetic field
disappears when the current is turned off.

2.INDUCTION:
This process of generating current in a conductor by placing
the conductor in a changing magnetic field is called
induction.

3.Electromagnetic induction:
Electromagnetic induction is the production of a potential
across a conductor when it is exposed to a varying magnetic
field. Electromagnetic induction is when an electromagnetic
field causes molecules in another object to flow. Induction
can produce electricity, heat or waves.

Finally, it is referring to the phenomenon where an emf is


induced when the magnetic flux linking a conductor change.

4.Magnetic Flux is defined as the product of the magnetic


flux density and the area normal to the field through which
the field is passing. It is a scalar quantity and its S.I. unit is
the weber.
5.Defination: Electromagnetic induction is a process where a
conductor placed in a changing magnetic field causes the
production of a voltage across the conductor. This process
of electromagnetic induction, in turn, causes an electrical
current, it is said to induce the current.

Materials Required

◾9V Battery ◾Battery cap ◾1 LED (3V any color) ◾1


Resistance of 27k ohm ◾1 Transistor 2N2222A ◾ Insulated
Copper wire ( 0.2mm)

Theory

INVENSION:
Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of
induction in 1831 though it may have been anticipated by the
work of Francesco Zantedeschi in 1829. Around 1830 to 1832,
Joseph Henry made a similar discovery, but did not publish
his findings until later.

If magnetic flux through a coil is altered then an e.m.f. will be


generated in the coil. This effect was first observed and
explained by Ampere and Faraday between 1825 and 1831.
Faraday discovered that an e.m.f. could be generated either
by,
(a) moving the coil or the source of flux relative to each other
or
(b) By changing the magnitude of the source of magnetic
flux.

Note that the e.m.f. is only produced while the flux is


changing.
Working and Construction

Current is produced in a conductor when it is moved through


a magnetic field because the magnetic lines of force are
applying a force on the free electrons in the conductor and
causing them to move. This process of generating current in
a conductor by placing the conductor in a changing
magnetic field is called induction. This is called induction
because there is no physical connection between the
conductor and the magnet. The current is said to be induced
in the conductor by the magnetic field. One requirement for
this electromagnetic induction to take place is that the
conductor, which is often a piece of wire, must be
perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force in order to
produce the maximum force on the free electrons. The
direction that the induced current flows is determined by the
direction of the lines of force and by the direction the wire is
moving in the field. In the animation above the ammeter (the
instrument used to measure current) indicates when there is
current in the conductor.

Lenz’s Law:
When an emf is generated by a change in magnetic flux
according to Faraday’s Law, the polarity of the induced emf
is such that it produces a current whose magnetic field
opposes the change which produces it. The induced
magnetic field inside any loop of wire always acts to keep the
magnetic flux in the loop constant. In the examples below, if
the B field is increasing, the induced field acts in opposition
to it. If it is decreasing, the induced field acts in the direction
of the applied field to try to keep it constant.

Application of Electromagnetic Induction

Electrical Generator:
The EMF generated by Faraday’s law of induction due to
relative movement of a circuit and a magnetic field is the
phenomenon underlying electrical generators. When a
permanent magnet is moved relative to a conductor, or vice
versa, an electromotive force is created. If the wire is
connected through an electrical load, current will flow, and
thus electrical energy is generated, converting the
mechanical energy of motion to electrical energy.

Electrical transformer:
The EMF predicted by Faraday’s law is also responsible for
electrical transformers. When the electric current in a loop of
wire changes, the changing current creates a changing
magnetic field. A second wire in reach of this magnetic field
will experience this change in magnetic field as a change in
its coupled magnetic flux, dΦB/dt. Therefore, an
electromotive force is set up in the second loop called the
induced EMF or transformer EMF. If the two ends of this loop
are connected through an electrical load, current will flow.

Observation

Magnet is moved at certain rate and certain voltage is


produced.

Magnet is moved at faster rate and creating a greater induced


voltage.

Magnet is moved at same speed through coil that has greater


number of turn and greater voltage is induced.
Application of Electromagnetic Induction in Real Life

The principles of electromagnetic induction are applied in many devices and


systems, including:

 Electrical generators
 Induction motors
 Induction sealing
 Inductive charging
 Transformers
 Wireless energy transfer
 Wireless charger

Conclusion

Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, first observed


and published by Michael Faraday in the mid-nineteenth
century, describes a very important electro-magnetic
concept. Although its mathematical representations are
cryptic, the essence of Faraday’s is not hard to grasp: it
relates an induced electric potential or voltage to a dynamic
magnetic field. This concept has many far-reaching
ramifications that touch our lives in many ways: from the
shining of the sun, to the convenience of mobile
communications, to electricity to power our homes. We can
all appreciate the profound impact Faraday’s Law has on us.

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