Chapters 1 & 2 Name:

Study Guide Date: Per:

DIRECTIONS: Fill in the blank(s).

1. Matter is anything that has mass & occupies space.
2. The variable manipulated in an experiment by the researcher is called the independent variable.
3. The variable measured by a researcher in an experiment is called the dependent variable.
4. The standard for comparison in an experiment is called the control group.
5. Complete the table:
SI System of Measures
SI Measurement Unit Symbol SI Prefix Symbol Meaning
Length meter m kilo- k 1000

Mass kilogram kg hecto- h 100

Electrical Current ampere A deka- da 10

Amount mole mol deci- d 1/10th

Time second s centi- c 1.100th
Luminous
candela cd milli- m 1/1000th
Intensity
Temperature kelvin K

6. The boiling point of water at sea level is 373 K or 100 °C.

7. The freezing point of water at sea level is 273 K or 0 °C.
8. The point at which matter stops moving is called absolute zero . It is equal to 0 K or −273 °C.
9. Convert the following:

a. 300. K to °C 27 °C b. 35.0 °C to K 308 K c. 82 °C to K 355 K

10. Contrast accuracy and precision: Accuracy = true compared to a known measure / Precision = ability to reproduce the
same measurement repeatedly
11. List the five steps of the scientific method.
i. observation iv. experiment
ii. question v. conclusions
iii. hypothesis

12. Convert the following:

a. 156.3 mL to 0.1563 L c. 0.3461 km to 3461 dm e. 9.15 m to 9150 mm

b. 0.0031 kg to 3.1 g d. 34 223 m to 34.233 km f. 0.331 mL to 0.00331 dL

13. How many significant digits are present in each of the following?
a. 0.0031mL 2 c. 2300 dm 2 e. 707.12 km 5
b. 3.400 N 4 d. 0.722 m 3 f. 230. L 3

Revised: 2023-09-27
Chapters 1 & 2 Name:
Study Guide Date: Per:

14. Write the following in scientific notation:

a. 0.00031 3.1 x 10-4 c. 2300 2.3 x 103
b. 3400000 3.4 x 106 d. 0.0047600 4.7600 x 10−3

15. Write the following in standard (expanded) notation:

a. 3.12 x 106 3120000 c. 7.6 x 10−5 0.000076
b. 5.201 x 10 7
52010000 d. 3.100 x 10 7
Can’t really be done

16. A physical property is one which does not change the identity of a sample of matter as it is observed
and includes such examples as: melting point, boiling point, density, color, odor . A property
observed as a substance undergoes permanent changes into another substance is called a chemical property and
includes such examples as: rusting, burning, rotting, cooking . This second type of property
is observed during a chemical change .
17. Fill in the table below.
State of Definite Definite Indefinite Indefinite
Description
Matter Shape Volume Shape Volume
Solid Slow moving particles held in rigid structure. X X

Gas Particles moving separately with space between them. X X

Liquid Particles sliding past one another closely. X X

Plasma Superheated gas in which particles become charged. X X

18. Label each change as being either physical (P) or chemical (C).
a. Breaking glass P d. Burning gasoline C g. Boiling water P
b. Condensing water P e. Melting metal P h. Heating plastic P
c. Lighting a match C f. Freezing water P i. Cooking a steak C
19. Define “element”: smallest part of matter with unique chemical and physical properties

a. Give three examples of elemental formulas: Mg, Au, Li

b. Give two examples of polyatomic elemental formulas: H2, O2
20. Define “compound”: a unit of matter with fixed proportions of certain elements

a. Give two examples of compound formulas: NaCl, CO2

21. Label each of the following as either an atomic formula (formula of an element) (A) or a compound formula (C).
a. MgO C d. NO C g. H 2O C
b. He A e. Co A h. Sn3N4 C
c. CO C f. No A i. Sn A

Revised: 2023-09-27
Chapters 1 & 2 Name:
Study Guide Date: Per:

22. Identify each sample of matter as a compound(C), element(E), heterogeneous mixture(H), or homogeneous mixture(M).
a. Milk H e. A 14K gold ring M i. Concrete H
b. Table salt C f. Italian dressing H j. Cola M
c. Sea water M g. Pure water C k. Air M
d. Gold E h. Coffee M l. Sugar C
23. DIRECTIONS: Circle the correct response.
a. ( Crystalline / Amorphous ) solids have a repeating crystalline structure and melt directly when heated.
b. ( Crystalline / Amorphous ) solids become flexible before melting.
c. ( Condensation / Evaporation ) is a change of phase that occurs when liquids change to a gas at a temperature below
the boiling point of the liquid.
d. ( Sublimation / Deposition ) is a change of phase that occurs when solids change directly to a gas.
e. Boiling point is an example of a ( physical / chemical ) property.
f. Reactivity with water is an example of a ( physical / chemical ) property.
g. ( Physical / Chemical ) changes always involve a change in the chemical identity of a substance.
h. ( Homogeneous / Heterogeneous ) mixtures are uniformly mixed particles that cannot be separated through
filtration.
i. ( Homogeneous / Heterogeneous ) mixtures are also referred to as solutions.
j. Salt dissolved in water is an example of a ( homogeneous / heterogeneous) mixture.
k. In a solution the ( solvent / solute ) is the dissolving agent and the ( solvent / solute ) is the substance dissolved.
l. The combination of oil and vinegar is a ( homogeneous / heterogeneous ) mixture.
24. Identify the appropriate method of separating the mixture (crystallization(C), distillation(D), filtration(F),
chromatography(G)).
a. Salt from water C c. Sand from water F
b. Alcohol from water D d. Red dye from black ink G
25. Vertical columns of the periodic table are called groups or families . Elements are placed in
the same vertical column because they have similar chemical & physical properties . The rows of the
periodic table are referred to as periods .
26. DIRECTIONS: Complete the following table:
Location on the
Properties Examples
Periodic Table
largest group, high conductivity,
Metals Left of the stair step line malleable, lustrous, ductile, solid at room gold, silver. magnesium
temperature
most are gases at room temperature, low
Non-Metals Right of the stair step line carbon, helium,
conductivity, brittle, not malleable or
phophorus
ductile
Elements along the stair share properties of both metals and non-
Semi-Metals silicon, germanium
step line metals (includes semi-conductors)

Revised: 2023-09-27
Chapters 1 & 2 Name:
Study Guide Date: Per:

DIRECTIONS: Complete the calculations in the space provided.

27. If a 37.50 g weight is placed in a graduated cylinder with 41.0 mL of water and the water level goes up to 44.3 mL, what
is the density of the weight?

m = 37.50 g
Vinitial = 41.0 mL
Volume of object = 44.3 mL – 41.0 mL = 3.3 mL
Vfinal = 44.3 mL

Density of object = mass / volume = 37.50 g / 3.3 mL = 11.363636 g/mL

(2 sig figs because 3.3 mL only has 2 sig figs)

11 g / mL

28. A 3.75 g object with a density of 2.380 g/mL is placed in a graduated cylinder containing 20.50 mL of water. What is the
final volume of the graduated cylinder after the object has sunk?

m = 3.75 g D = m/V
D = 2.380 g/mL V = m/D
V = (3.75 g) / (2.380 g/mL) = 1.5756 mL (3 sig figs because 3.75 g has 3 sig figs)

Final volume in cylinder = 20.50 mL + 1.575 mL = 22.075 mL (Round to hundredths because both values should have
been rounded to hundredths place. Round to make the final digit even since 7 is followed by exactly 5.

22.08 mL

29. A graduated cylinder contains 30.00 mL of water. An object with a volume of 12.00 cm 3 is placed in the graduated
cylinder and floats with only a portion of the object beneath the surface. If the water level in the graduated cylinder has
increased to 34.50 mL, what is the density of the object?

A floating object displaces an equal mass of water. If the water level has increased by 4.50 mL (34.50 mL – 30.00 mL =
4.50 mL) and water has a density of 1 g/mL, then the object has a mass of 4.50 g (Round to hundredths since both
measures are rounded to hundredths).

D = m/v = 4.50 g / 12.00 cm3 = 0.375 g/cm3 (Round to 3 sig figs since 4.50 g has only 3 sig figs)

0.375 g / cm3

30. A calculation indicates that a reaction should produce 1.87 g of product. After carrying out the experiment, only 1.650 g
of product have been collected. Calculate the percent error.

experimental – accepted
Percent error = x 100
accepted

Experimental = 1.650 g
Accepted = 1.87 g

1.650 g – 1.87 g  − 0.22 g

Percent error = x 100 x 100 = − 11.7647 %
1.87 g 1.87 g

−12%

Revised: 2023-09-27