Made By IS’26

JOURNALS
STEM
ISMAILIA
STEM Ismailia
For G10 Students
 What is a journal?
A journal is a one-hour exam that STEM students take
every two weeks. It’s related to the capstone and makes
up 40% of the cap degree, so it significantly impacts
academic achievement. Furthermore, it contains three
main questions. You should write an essay, and a few
well-crafted words can have a powerful impact, so no
worry about the length. Three teachers correct the
journal, and they take the average degree.
1
Reflection
This question asks about your lifestyle in STEM,
your experience, skills, teamwork, plans,
challenges, time management, leadership, and
personality.
2
EDP
This question asks about EDP which is Engineering
Design Process this process you follow while
working on the cap. you’ll be asked about your
current step or the plans for the next one.
3
Learning Transfer
This question asks about the related LOs. You’ll be
asked to connect a concept with the project design,
materials,.. In G11, 12 there will be 2Q of this type with
total 4Q in the journal.

Every answer has 250 words limit

Notes
All the journals are the same among all STEM
Schools but here are some examples from
ISMAILIA STEM Students.

This file includes SMESTER1 IS’26 questions.

Read it carefully. All the tips in this file are
from students, so take what works for you to
get the most out of it.

Read the notes after the answers to avoid the

mistakes. Following all the tips doesn’t ensure
full marks, as it depends on the grader.
However, follow as many as possible to
maximize your chances.

In this file there are 2 or 3 different answers in

grades for 2 or 3 writers W1(Blue Answer) and
W2, W3(Green Answer), and notes after them.
Notes
Note that you should learn how to type on the
keyboard very quickly and manage your time.
Maximum 15-20 minutes for each question.

Note that you don’t have to understand every

word in the answers. You might know the new
words in the questions because they can be
repeated in your journals.

The Grades:
BLUE: More than 100% excellence
GREEN: 100% Full marks, very good
YELLOW: Not bad, Your answer is not complete
and didn’t answer all parts.
RED: Bad, You didn’t answer the question or
you answered another one.
Notes
Read these action verbs the might help you. Make
sure you understand them and their functions.
 PERSONAL
REFLECTION
As a new member of a system that relies on cooperative work and
scientific research. Select two of your most important
characteristics and explain one of them that enables you to
perform your role with the team effectively
W1
In STEM schools there is a different system that relies on cooperation and
scientific research. cooperation and collaboration skills are so important.
We do every thing in this school together. In the capstone we work in
teams. In addition, scientific research skills also are so important. It is
useful in working in the capstone.
The most important characteristics that I have that can help me in STEM
school are collabration and research. In my previous school I was working
in a team, and I was usually the leader of the team. Furthermore, in the last
year I got involved in SGA which is Star Girls Africa program which helped
me a lot to learn scientific writing and scientific research
The aspect that enables me to perform my role with the team effectively is
that I am a good researcher. I always research with my team. In the
capstone I was the one who researched about the place that we will build
the dam in and I chose Wadi Al Arish. This characteristics helps me a lot.
W2
In stem schools we must work in a team ,this is my first time working in a team so
I know that the team must divide the roles of the team members such as the
leader and the time manager. The leader of a team must be responsible for the
result of his actions and his team too he must know how to solve the problem
that may face the team and how to manage the team collaborations . The time
manager is the person who is supposed to manage the time and he is the one
who puts the deadline for doing something and he is also the one who selects
the time of the capstone meeting . As I am a leader of my team last week there
was a member in my team didn't know what is the capstone and how make a
research but she didn’t tell us because she was afraid and shy so I talked to her
and told her that the capstone is the project that we supposed to solve a
problem with it and I told her that we are a team and we should collaborate to
do a successful work and know we are working well on our capstone and we
hope to success.
Notes
W1 divided the essay: intro, body, conclusion
W1 wrote in formal way and shared examples
from real life
W1 put evidence for their characteristics as
joining a program and ensure their
collaboration in the capstone as choosing the
place

W1 write different words for the same meaning

which shows their good English(aspects,
characteristics)

W1 smartly chose the mentioned aspects in the

questions to be their important characteristics.

W2 talked too much describing the roles of the

team and this doesn’t answer the question.

W2 didn’t mention their important

characteristics in a specific and clear way.
Always be brief and get to the point.
You have entered STEM schools with some expectations about the
STEM education system. After dealing with the STEM community,
Explain two points one that meets your expectation and another
one that does not.

W1
I entered stem schools with a lot of expectations. My expectations were so
big. When I entered stem school, I found that some of them were true and
other were not true.
The first expectation that I had that the education system will be different.
I expected that the system will help me to build collaboration skills and
other skills. In stem schools we do everything together. In the capstone we
collaborate together to do our best. We collaborate to research and write
the portfolio.
The point that didn’t meet with my expectation is that I expected that the
education system would be easy and the exams would be not really
difficult. But what I found is that the subjects are really hard. Furthermore,
we should prepare the LO before we take it in the class and that is really
difficult for me. For example, I prepared geology presentation which was
really hard for me.

W2
When I was in prep. stage I was thinking about STEM schools I was decided to
enter it So when I enter it Firstly I expect that these type schools is depending
on team collaboration I thought that the capstone project that we will work on it
we will work as a team and the team will dividing into roles to do this project and
it happened Secondly I expect that the teachers in this schools will explain the
lessons like the governorate schools but I found that the students is self
learners here and they try to make presentations to explain the learning
outcomes to their mates as a help and to gain an important skills which is
presenting and to be a talkative person also to be confident beside that you
have the chance to talk to anyone or to talk in front of a group of people without
being confused
Notes
W1 divided the essay: intro, body
W1 wrote in formal way and shared examples
from their experience they talked about the
geology presentstion.
W1 used the pronoun “we” which shows the
collaboration between them and their friends.
it is an evidence that they talk abut their life
W1 used “for example” always use it to show
that you have an example to tell and it will be
easier for the corrector to note the example.
W2 used abbreviation “prep” which is not very
good in the journal. In the previous one W1
explained the abbreviation they wrote.
W2 has lots of grammar mistakes and missed a
lot of punctuations marks.
W2 used “you” which is not a positive point in a
question asking bout your reflection, so it would
be awesome if you used “we”, “I”. Always talk
about yourself.
As a new steamer, it is your 1st time to build a prototype with your
team, during that many events faced you some of them pleased
you and some didn't. Explain two situations one is pleased you and
another didn't during this new experience.

W1
This is my first time to build a dam. It is a really new experience. This is also
my first time to work in a team. Working in a team helped me a lot to
develop my skills. many events faced me and some of them pleased me
and some didn’t.
The situation that didn’t please me: When we were building our prototype
it was so hard to deal with the rain-forced bars and concrete and we tested
our materials three times to make sure they were suitable for our dam. It
was really hard for us to deal with the cement. When I saw that the
materials were not suitable for the first time I was really sad. But we tried
the test again and again.
The situation that pleased me: When we finished our tests my capstone
teacher said: “ Your dam and tests are really good.” So I was really happy.
After this all hard work we felt proud of ourselves.
To conclude, stem schools and the capstone are new experiences. We
should try again and again until we pass.

W2
As a new steamer we as team are very exciting about the capstone this semester
our prototype depending on building skills l when we start to build our
prototype we faced many events there was an event that pleased me which is :
we enjoyed using the building materials for the first time we start to test our
materials then we start to build the dam’s base I like how we building our
prototype together 'enjoyed the experience of mixing the cement with sand ad
gravell and making this powder a solid cube but there is also an evidence that I
dislike which is: we all work on the same thing in the same time I thought that we
can distribute each other in roles for building the prototype to save time
Notes
W1 divided the essay: intro, body, conclusion.
Organizing your essay before writing is really
helpful to ensure writing about all the required
answer.
Dividing your essay into parts like W1 makes
your essay comfortable for the corrector’s
eyes, so He’ll be motivated to give you higher
grades.
W1 used “quotation symbol” this symbol can
catch the corrector’s attention, it shows that
you wrote about a real situation you faced.
It would be better to rephrase the question as
an introduction by different words, don’t
repeat the question in the answer(like W2), it is
not really recommended but you can still do it.
W2 didn’t talk enough about the second
situation maybe because of time, so you should
prepare your content before starting.
Additionally, The topic they talked about was
not clear.
You are now about to finish your capstone and at the same time,
you have a mid-year exam. Explain in three points how you are
going to organize your time to deal with this issue.

W1
In STEM schools, there is a huge pressure on the students. It was so hard at
first. I am about to finish my capstone and at the same time, I have a mid-
year exam. These days are so busy.
To organize my time to deal with this issue:
The first point that I will do is to write a to-do list. This is so important for
me to write it. it helps me a lot to know what should I do now. I will write my
to-do list in the evening, so it saves my time.
second point that I will do is not to waste my time with my friends. After
school, I usually talk with my friends for an hour and that wastes a lot of
time. I will come back from school and study immediately.
The last point is to organize my time between capstone work and my
studying. This is so important to write the capstone tasks and my studying
tasks in my to-do list, so it helps me to complete my capstone tasks.
To conclude, on certain days, time management is so important. There are
a lot of ways to save time. these are the most important points for me
making to do list, reducing the time with my friends, putting the capstone
tasks in my to-do list, and not leaving it.
W2
This period of this year we as STEM students have a lot of tasks that we must
end it in a specific time as we have to finish our capstone project and to enter
the exam of the midyear, so we have to study the previous learning outcomes
besides we have to end the prototype and continue writing the portfolio and the
poster. So I decided to follow three points to help me organize my time Firstly: I
will make a schedule for the learning outcomes that I haven’t studied it yet or
practice on it I will distribute it on these two weeks to finish it I may study three
learning outcomes per day Secondly: we as a team will organize our time by
select a specific time to work on our capstone project So, my day will distribute
into to part one for studying for the mid-year exam and the other to finish our
project. Thirdly: I plan to sleep this period to haven't a bad effect on my work
and I also should take care of my health besides following the schedule which I
did. Note that both answers got green so
there’s no Notes for them this time .
Creating a good presentation is an important part of the project to
explain how each step of the project is implemented. Explain ,in
detail, how you and your colleagues have planned and distributed
roles to produce an interesting presentation.

W1
In STEM schools, creating good presentations is so important. We always
prepare presentations in class, however it is also important for the
capstone. In the evaluation, we will present a presentation to explain how
each step of the project is implemented. This presentation needs a plan
and a good distribution of the roles to produce an interesting presentation.
To plan for the presentation plan, we distributed the roles among us and
this step was so exciting. First, we asked each other what part of the
presentation was interesting for each one of us. In the presentation, we tell
the evaluator the steps of the project so each one of us took a step for
example: I took the introduction because I am so good at starting
presentations.
In this presentation, we summarize the poster so everyone wrote the part
that they will say in the presentation to make it easy for every one of us to
write their part.
To conclude, it is so important to plan for the presentation because that
helps to make it attractive and interesting.

W2
As STEM students now we are at the end of this semester we constructed the
dam prototype, we wrote the portfolio and we made the poster ,so now we are
in the step of presenting our project to the evaluator so as a team we planned to
distribute parts of the portfolio and the poster into five parts every member of
the team will study his part very well and he had to explain it to the other
members of the team as a presentation to practice on presenting to other, then
we study the portfolio very well as a team to be able to explain how each step of
the project is implemented ,also to answer any question about the prototype,
we are very exciting to the day that we will be able to present our prototype .
Notes
W1 divided the essay: intro, body, conclusion.

Again W1 wrote “for example: “ and this shows

the real experience and catch the corrector’s
attention.

Adding the reason which is (because I’m so

good at starting presentations) shows that the
decisions were made based on the team skills.

W1 used the chronological order: First, .. this

presents the good organization for the essay.
Use it while talking about planning, process,...

W2 used multiple tenses (now, planned, had to,

we study).This confuses the corrector.

Using “we” or “I” is okay, but using passive would

be better. It seems more formal. Furthermore,
you should use it in the poster and portfolio

W2 was too general and the question asks about

the details. Note: every word in the question
matters don’t skip any part of the question.
 ENGINEERING
DESIGN PROCESS
# EDP #
According to EDP, to solve a problem you must be able to clearly
define the problem in your capstone challenge, then search prior
solutions to find a suitable solution. Explain how you can generate
your solution.
W1
The EDP is a steps we follow to have a successful project and to find a
suitable solutions for the problem we are working on solving it. This
semester our problem is the decrease of sources of water and recycling
garbages. So first we should define that problem we should know why is
that a problem so the decreasing of water sources harm the economic by
decrease the agriculture and the sources of drinking pure water also it is
the main reason of the urban congestion because more people used to live
close to the water sources. So we as team want to solve this problem we
start to search about prior solutions to benefit form it. We found that this
problem can be solved by construction a dam. So we searched about prior
dams also we search about its advantages and disadvantages we search
about the point of weakness to prevent it in our dam. We find a lot of good
dams such as hoover dam in Arizona, high dam in Aswan and Kariba dam in
Africa. We found that there is a common disadvantage which is the high
cost to build those dams and we found a lot of advantages such as the
hoover dam is an arch gravity dam these shape of these dam helps in store
a lot of amount of water. So we found that this shape will benefit us in
increasing the sources of pure water and saving it.
W2
As it is my first time at stem: First define the problem is the first step in EDP and
it is very important because it help you knowing the progress of your project.
When we meeting with each other we start to discuss about the prior solutions
to find a way to solve the problem , we started to research and everyone take a
part to search and talk about it First: the problem was that floods and rainfalls
was destroying the houses and many people died every year and it also destroy
the soil that we want to plant in it to increase the resources of Egypt Second: we
search about the prior solutions and we find that the dam is the best way to
solve this problem such as (the high dam which protect Egypt from flood and
benefits from it by generation electricity) because it will control the increase of
water and preserved it to another time when we need it and it also will
generates electricity to the houses in these areas.
Notes
W1 didn’t divide their essay into section but they
got blue, so it is not the only factor to get blue.

W1 defined the problem and they showed the

collaboration while searching for the prior
solution.

W1 provided examples of the dams, the

advantages, disadvantages, and showed how
that helped them to generate their solution.

W2 discusses dividing tasks among the team,

but this point is not relevant to the question.
The focus of the question is not on how tasks
are divided but on whether the EDP steps are
followed correctly.

W2 didn’t mention how they can generate their

solution, which is a significant mistake as it
leaves a key part of the question unanswered.
To avoid this, it is important to carefully read
the question both before and after writing each
paragraph in the body of the essay.
You have selected your dam prototype materials. Explain, giving
two points, how these materials can help you to achieve the
design requirements of this semester's challenge.

W1
In EDP we are in the step of determine the design requirements. First, we
defined our problem, then we did a back ground research so now we
selects our dam prototype materials.
First, we will use a type of cement that can deal with water. so that will help
us to achieve the design requirements. We will build a dam so we must
make sure that it will store all of the water and it will stay strong all the
time. The type of cement that we will use is S.R.C cement, because it can
stay strong in front of the water.
Second, we will use recycled concert so we will achieve the design
requirements which are use recycled materials and the dam should carry
10 kilograms. The concert is so strong so it could carry that weight. We will
use sand and gravel, some rocks in it so these materials are from natural
areas.
To conclude, we will use cement and concert because they will help me to
achieve the design requirements in different ways.

W2
In this semester our capstone is about constructing a dam to save water so we
made researches about the best materials that we can use we found the the
concrete of the dam we can make it with recycled plastic bricks but when
researched about factories that may help us to give us these materials we didn't
find so we researched about another material we found that the cement is the
best choice to make the concrete we diced to search on how we can make a
recycled cement but we didn’t find so we will use it as a manufactured material
we also did researches about the reinforced bars and we found that in the
prototype we can recycled and take this bars form tools in the kitchen we also
decided to use the UPVC material for making the gates of the dam.
Notes
Again, Essay1 is well organized. Note that the
essay doesn’t have to be organized , but it would
be better if it is organized.

In the question the key to answer is “Explain”.

Pay attention to the key word in the Q it tells
you what should you write specifically.
In the EDP question always write a small brief
about where you are now and what you
did(like W1), this shows that you aware about
the process.
Writing scientific names shows that you
understand, have knowledge(like UPVC, S.R.C)
W2 explained the process of choosing materials
and this is not really answering the question.
W1 clearly showed that they answered the
question by writing “this is achieving the design
requirements”, so if the corrector wasn’t paying
attention that will tell them that you answered
the question easly.
You have selected your dam prototype materials, what are the
criteria that made you choose the materials you will use in your
prototype.

W1
In the EDP steps, we are in step of building the prototype. when we were
selecting the materials we used specific criteria that will help us to build
the dam. These criteria are so important and specific for our dam.
First, we need to make sure that the dam will stay strong while facing
water. so we need a type of cement which can not be affected by the
water. the type that we used is Portland cement. This cement can deal with
water without any damage. When we tested this type of cement we
ensured that it was the right type.
The place where we will build our dam is so important. We will choose our
materials based on the type of rocks and soil in this place. Our dam will be
in the desert so we chose the type of rocks that can deal with that place.
To conclude, when we build something we should use specific criteria. This
criteria is based on a lot of things such as the place, and the usage of the
building. These criteria will help you build that thing quickly and correctly.

W2
In stem schools we are following the EDP steps to have a successful capstone
prototype Now we as a team in the step of selecting materials we have been
selecting the materials that we are going to use by searching about different
types of building materials we learn about building materials from ES1.01 then
we choose a material to build with it which is portland cement firstly we test it
by mixing it with sand ' gravel and water with a ratio 4:2:1 then we make this
powder a solid cube then we but it in a cup of water for two hours we deduced
that it will success and it is a suitable material after that we search about useful
reinforced bars and we decided that we want it from recycled material then we
found it and we also test it by putting it in a cube of the building material that
we have tested and finally we deduced that it is the suitable reinforced bars
that we will use in our prototype
Notes
Again, Essay1 is well organized. Note that the
essay doesn’t have to be organized , but it would
be better if it is organized.

W1 wrote each one they chose with the reason

for choosing it. demonstrating a clear
understanding of their criteria base.

In Essay1, the Conclusion is really good. W1

summarized the essay and wrote the “criteria”
as points.

The answer key here is “Criteria”. The question

asks about points, choices not a process. W2
wrote about the process of choosing the
criteria rather than focusing the criteria
themselves.

W2 discussed very small details that were not

required in the question. Read the question
many times, avoid small details the corrector
might not care about.
 During testing your prototype you should follow some safety
rules. Explain three of them in detail.

W1
As it is my first time at stem school’s, our teacher told us about safety and
how important is it and always make sure the we are following this safety
rules in our working in testing the prototype,
First wearing gloves is very important and safe to us it prevents cutting out
hand and be safe from chemicals that is very dangerous and a little mistake
in it maybe make a big problem.
Second the lab coats is an important thing to be save at the labs and also in
testing the prototype and protect our clothes to help it not to be dirty.
Third the glasses and face masks, they are very important it prevent and
protect us from the effects of the chemical reactions and in our prototype
we use or materials.

W2
This semester we have a capstone project to solve a problem of leaking of
sources of clean water in Egypt so we will construct a dam. Our prototype
depends on constructing with building materials such as con create which
consists of cement and also the construction should include steel reinforced
bars. So, to follow the safety rules Firstly: we should wear gloves, mask and
goggles to save our eyes while making the ratio of the concrete which is 1
cement: 1 sand :2 gravel. Secondly: We also should wear the suitable gloves to
bend the steel reinforced bars without hurting our hands Thirdly: When we start
to mix the cement, sand and gravel with water we should wear the coat to save
our clothes.
Notes
W1 organized their essay well with an
introduction and clear points(First, Second,
Third). It doesn't have a conclusion, but this is
the best way to structure an essay for questions
asking for points.

W2 focused on unrelated small details (like:

“ratio” and other) ; always write directly about
the main topic, stay focused, and do not
branch out.

W2 wrote unsuitable introduction, they talked

about many things. The introduction should
give a hint about what you will talk about in the
body. Furthermore, it is not related to the
safety rules at all.

“During testing your prototype” The question

asks about safety while testing so it is not
preferred to talk about previews steps as W2
did. Read the question many times before
writing each part of the body.
While you are revising your capstone poster for the exhibition
according to the rubric approved for this. Describe three difficulties
you, and your team, faced in dealing with the rubric for the first time.
W1
At a certain time, we were typing the capstone poster it was hard at first to revise the
poster according to the rubric approved for it. There are some difficulties faced by us
in dealing with the rubric for the first time.
The first one is the colors one of the most important points in the rubric is the colors
when the evaluator sees the poster, they should love its color. The color has a big role
in making the poster clear or not in our poster the colors must be light and the font
must be black to make it clear. Our colors are baby blue and some purple. It was so
hard at first to determine which color was suitable and which was not and we saw the
old journals and understood that light colors are the best
The second one is the content. It is so hard to type the content is so specific. At first,
we couldn’t know how to link the paragraphs with each other but then my sister
helped me and my friends and taught us. As I was typing the introduction, that was
helpful.
The third one is the figures, graphs, and tables. In the poster especially in the part of
the results and analysis, we should put graphs and tables to explain the data that we
collected it was so hard for us at first but then we learned how to do it.
In conclusion, typing the first poster was hard but I learned so many things through it.

W2
According to the poster rubric there were three difficulties faced by us as a team.
First: the graphs We as a team we didn’t use to know how to make graphs before, so
we study (MA.1.02) to know how to make a graph also we asked the math and the
mechanics teacher to help us in making the graph of the flow rate, so firstly we know
the rule that we measured the flow rate with, then we made a table for the data we
gained then we made a scatter plot shows the data. Second: the literature cited As a
team we didn’t use to know that we will be asked about the websites, research papers
or the references that we bring the information from it to avoid plagiarism, so we
searched about it again and we learn how to make it with APA style, and we made sure
that we know what each site is talking about to be able to answer any question about
it. Third: the pictures The poster rubric says that we should put pictures in the poster
so it was difficult and took time to find the suitable pictures to put in the poster. Also
we photograph our prototype to put its picture in the poster.
Notes
It is good to start the answer with the current
step in EDP then connecting it with the question
as W1 did.

Answering this question requires deep

knowledge of the poster rubric. W1 wrote the
difficulties they faced and how they over come
it and this is the most important part you
should write.

W1 emphasized colors, content, tables, and

graphs, aligning with the rubric criteria. In
contrast, W2 concentrated on calculating
graph laws, which wasn't specified in the
rubric, and also emphasized citation, which is
related.

W2 wrote about mathematics, this question is

about EDP so it is not good to talk about any
thing else. It’s not related to poster rubric.
 LEARNING
TRANSFER
#CONNECTION#
(PH.1.01) According to your study and capstone challenge, designing
the body of a dam needs a lot of measurements and calculations
.During the step of generating the suitable solution to construct the
dam, you need to think about measurement errors that are related to
the dimensions of the dam body and its reservoir, explain two
expected measurement errors and how to overcome them
W1
In Physics we learnt about measurement. In this capstone we will build a dam so we
will use the measurement a lot. We will measure the high, width, and the length of the
dam. We are working in the step of generating the body of the dam. So, there are a lot
of error measurement that can happen in the capstone. So, we need to think about
them
These measurements errors can damage my dam so it is so important to know. The
first expected measurement error is when I don’t know how to use the tool or I use a
wrong tool. To overcome this problem, I will search about the tool that I should use
and how to use it for example I will not use the ruler to measure the high of the dam.
The second is the uncertainty so when more than one person measure the width they
can measure in different numbers to calculate the uncertainty I should know the real
value and the absolute error so when It 25 m it could be 24 or 26 however if it is 25.00
so it could be 24.99 or 25.99 to calculate this absolute error there some role should
follow to be more accurate (relative error = real value – measured over real) . the
absolute error = real value – measured

W2
We learned in our learning outcomes one in physics how to measure or calculate
something , the types of measurement errors that may fail the results so there are two
types of measurement error may be it is a random error which mean the result is may
be close to the true result but it isn’t true also the symmetric error which is made
because of a something wrong in the measuring tool so the result isn’t true but it is
precise so in our capstone we will measure the dimensions that suitable the solution
(the dam) we will use the measuring tools of the dimensions like the “Meter” we as a
team start to measure the dimensions and select the suitable one for our prototype
but we have a random error when measure the dimensions so we try to solve it to
have a suitable dimensions The types of errors that we learnt in this LO are The
Relative error (real result – measure result /real result) The Absolute error ( relative
error/ real result) .
Notes
W1 wrote the law of calculating measurement
errors and numbers to explain more. Numbers
and laws are so important in the connection to
show that you understand the topic well.

W1 explained the error and how to overcome it

so they answered all the parts of the question,
in contrast W2 didn’t mention how to
overcome these errors.

The most important thing to mention is how

you used these laws to construct your dam. W2
wrote that this is the law that we learned and
didn’t mention that they used it.

To summary, LO question requires three main

things when it asks about measurements or
calculations: connect the law to your work, write
the law, give examples and examples using
numbers. The number could be from real
calculations in your projrect or not.
(BI.1.01) Depending on your study of cell membrane structure and
function discuss two similarities between the cell Membrane and your
dam design and how to get benefits to construct it
W1
In biology, we studied the cell membrane. That concept is interesting for me. I love to
study the structure and the function of everything. There are some similarities
between the cell membrane and the dam design.
The cell membrane is consisted of phospholipids. The phospholipids is composed of
phosphor which is the head and the lipid which is the tail. Phosphor is hydrophilic
which means it is a water lover so it can deal with water. the lipids which mean the
fats they are hydrophobic which means it doesn’t love water. so outside there are the
phosphors because they love water and inside there are the lipids because the hate
water. we have the same thing in our capstone. We will use cement on the surface
because it can deal with water such as the phosphors. However, we will use the
concert in core of the dam because it cannot deal with water.
In addition, the cell membrane’s function is to transport the materials in and out of
the cell. The particles enter the cell from the protein in the cell membrane. So, the
proteins allow the particles to go inside the cell such as the gates in the dam. The
gates allow the water to go outside the dam.
To conclude, the cell membrane is similar to the dam we can get benefits to construct
it so we can build the dam from materials that love water and build the gates to
control the flow of water.
W2
We learnt in biology learning outcome about the cell membrane the cell membrane is
consists of phospholipids that prevent the components of the cell to go out the cell
and it is responsible for enter on exit things into or out the cell so as a team we should
select a material to build the dam with to prevent the lack of water and also to save
the amount of water The cell membrane also contain protein The protein function is
allow the passage of components to the cell and this is like the gates in our dam as it
allow the passage of water in the reservoir
W3
as it is my first time at stem schools , biology teacher discuss with us about cell
membrane at (BI.1.01) and its structure and function . and the phispholipids and
proteins and how they helps in cell membrane life. first proteins; its functions was to
prevent intering anything that damge membrane so we choose it to be like the
columns that help in preventing damge of dam second ;phispholipids structure was
hydrophopic and its tail and it is like a fluid that moves in the cell , it function is similar
to the cement and concrete function
Notes
This type of question is called “How the structure
fits the function”. The main requirement is to clarify
the connection between structure and the function
of the dam and cell membrane.

W1 explained each components of the cell

membrane with its details and structure and
connected each one to a component of the dam
construction, and in the end, they mentioned
how they benefited from the cell membrane
structure.

W2 wrote the function of the cell membrane in

general(bad point) and connect it to the dam
construction(good point).
W3 wrote the function of the cell membrane but
didn’t clarify the relation between its structure
and the dam structure i n points.
This question requires explanation of the cell
membrane structure and components, explanation
of the function of each components, and connect
each component and its function to the similar
component with the same function, how to get
benefits to construct the dam.
 In (CS.1.02) you have studied how a computer uses numeric systems
to understand commands, this occurs by converting inputs to binary
digits then storing it in RAM, before processing them and RAM has a
certain storage capacity, when it is full, a problem occurs. This is just
like what happens in a dam when the water in its tank exceeds its
storage capacity. Compare between the problem of a dam tank being
filled with water beyond a certain limit and the problem of full RAM in
the computer and how to treat each of them?
W1
In CS we studied numeric systems such as binary system and decimal system. We can
use these systems to store data in the RAM.RAM is a memory we use in the computer.
It store data in the RAM by using a binary system. The binary system consists of 1s
and 0s. the computer converts inputs to binary digits and then stores them in RAM,
before processing them and RAM has a certain storage capacity.
In our dam, we calculated the capacity with the role of length times height times
width. To compare between what will happen when the water in its tank exceeds its
storage capacity and the problem of full RAM in the computer: the dam will open Its
gates to get rid of the extra water so the problem will be solved. So, we can treat this
problem by making the gates and open them at that time.
In the computer, it will erase the extra data and the data will be erased automatically
when we turn off the computer.
There are differences and similarities between the computer and the dam. We can
brief that the dam has its own gates that can help it, and the computer has its
automatic methods to deal with the full RAM.

W2
We learn in computer science learning outcome 2 about RAM we know that RAM is
the storing of the inputs binary digits it seems like the reservoir of our dam So when
the RAM felled with a lot of binary digits it is a problem for the computer so the
computer makes a process to delete items that the computer doesn’t need
automatically to treat the storage capacity health again In our dam prototype design
requirement the water in the reservoir should not exceed 60 liters so if it exceed it we
be a problem and the prototype may broken so we decided to make a spillway gates
at the both sides of the dam if the water exceed the 25 centimeters high the water will
spill from this gate automatically without open any gates because it seems like a slide
Notes
Again, in Essay1, the conclusion gave a brief of the
essay and this may be the best ways to conclude a
long essay.

W1 wrote a complete and professional essay

including all parts of the question: intro, extra
water treatment, extra data treatment, and
conclusion. When the essay is organized as points
that makes it more obvious.

Essay 2 has no full stops or punctuation marks,

which makes it messy, unclear, and difficult to
understand on the first read.

The answer key is “compare” this is how the two

problems should be connected. W2 didn’t connect
the two problems clearly. W1 wrote “to compare”.

When the question mentions any scientific

terms(like “binary digits”, “ RAM”, “numeric
system”), it would be better to provide a brief
about them, so if the corrector/ the reader don’t
have enough knowledge about the topic, they can
understand your words clearly
 In math 1.02 you have studied histogram, dot plot, boxplot, regression
line......etc. In your challenge you are asked to display small sets of
data by a graph and interpret it, which graph you will choose and why?
W1
Welearn in math learning outcome 2 about graphs and this L.O benefit us in making
graphs for the flow rate of water from the gates of the dam prototype. We have
studied different types of graphs and plots. So as a capstone team we chose to collect
the data of the flow rate on a scatter plot. We chose this type because it is the easiest
to determine the coloration, skewed or symmetric and regression line. Also to
measure the arithmetic mean and the mode to determine the flow rate ratio for the
prototype to know whether the prototype achieve the design requirements or not
also to show that this type of gates that we put it in the construction is useful to leak
the water in a specific ratio to benefit from this water in different fields.

W2
In math, I have studied statistics. Some types of graphs help us to set good statistics.
In this semester we should determine the flow rate ao to do that I will need a specific
type of graph.
I will choose a regression line to determine the flow rate. This type of graph is so
useful when dealing with time so the x-axis is the time and the y-axis is the volume of
the water. this type of graph is more accurate and precise. When writing the portfolio,
I will use the regression graph in the data collection and I will put it in the poster. I will
choose it for several reasons the first one is that is more accurate. Also, it is easy to
use. The regression line is one of the most important types of graphs
To conclude, it is so important to know the types of graphs. They are so useful. When
determining the flow rate, I will use the regression line

W3
As it is my first time at stem schools, we have learned from our math teacher in 1.02
the histogram, dot plot, boxplot and the regression line.
We were asked to display small sets of data like the water flows by a graph and
interpret it, I have chosen the histogram because it is a graph that shows the
frequency of numerical data using rectangles it works well to display our data
It is popular graphing tool to continuous our date that we are measured on an interval
scale
I have chosen it and it was the perfect for the date we have collecting and put in it .
Notes
Although the first essay was not well-organized, it
received a blue rating. Organization is not the only
factor considered when assigning the blue.

W1 wrote with precision and provided numerous

scientific reasons for selecting this type of graph.
They linked these reasons to the gate and the
requirements ,and explained how the graph
would be beneficial in the prototype's
construction.

W2 repeatedly used the "I will," and the

collaboration within the team was not clearly
demonstrated. They provided general reasons,
such as "easy" and "accurate," which apply to
most types of graphs and are not specifically
relevant to their capstone project.

W3 provided reasons for using this type of graph

but did not link them to the prototype. When
making selections for a project, choices should be
made based on scientific reasoning and fit the
specific needs of the work.
In your prototype you should choose one manufactured material in
(ES.1.03) you learned about Earth's material. How this study helped
you to choose the suitable material to your project mentioning the
material you use.

W1
In the prototype, we should use one manufactured material and recycled materials
which could be from waste or natural. In earth science we learned about building
materials this LO helped us a lot in constructing the dam.
In geology, we learned that limestone is used in construction but first, it should go
through some process after this process it will call cement so in our prototype, we
used cement however there are many types of cement such as white cement,
Portland cement, and others in our prototype we used sulfate resistant Portland
cement this cement is used in the area which deals with water this type of cement
cannot be affected by the water we used about 25 kilograms of it.
Cement is so weak alone we should put sand, gravel, and water to make it stronger
and this mix is called concrete we use concrete in all buildings however there are
different ratios for the components. we followed the ratio of 4:2:1 (4 parts of cement
with 2 parts of sand with 1 part of gravel) and the strength of it is M15 we used
reinforcing bars to make it more and more strong.
To conclude, geo helped us a lot in constructing the dam we used concrete which is
composed of water cement sand, and gravel.

W2
As its my first time in stem schools and also in study earth science I have learned a
lot about earth’s materials and their properties, geology teacher discuss with us in
(ES.1.03) about building materials like cement and lime stone and how to choose the
right material to use it in building your dam we have known about many minerals and
we studied there properties and what go on well with them then we started to study
the area that we have chosen to know if it will be suitable for which materials and
after a lot of discussions we finally have choose the right material which is cement
(its main structure was lime stone), there are many types of cement but in our
prototype we have chosen the water resist Portland cement it is very good in water
and it didn’t absorb it because we have known that the reservoir of the dam will be
after behind the prototype , then we started to mix it with sand and gravil with an
ratio which is 4:2:1 and then we pour water to mix them well and we tested it many
time to make sure that it will be suitable for our prototype and will resist the water
pressure.
Notes
The first essay is well-organized and it has a good
conclusion, and in the introduction they praphrase
the question(write it in a different way as an intro)

Notice that in the last part of Essay1 they wrote

what they did as point or information(Cement is
so weak alone, so we did... ) but in Essay2 they
wrote this part as a story or process and using
“then” shows that, however, the question didn’t
ask to tell a story or process.

The question mentioned a simple part of the

requirements “you should choose one
manufactured material” so you’d better to
mention it also in your answer as W1 did in the
introduction.

To answer this type of connection question: write

what you learned in this topic(like W1), how
benefited you, what decision you made based on
what you learned, provide your decision with
reasons related to the main topic.