SHS STEM – BIOLOGY 1

Quarter 1 – Module 15:

OXIDATION-REDUCTION
(REDOX) REACTION

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General Biology 1 – Grade 11/12
Quarter 1 – Module 15: OXIDATION-REDUCTION (REDOX) REACTIONS
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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

DEVELOPMENT TEAM OF THE MODULE

WRITER: Jovy B. Mirabueno

REVIEWERS/EDITORS: Rowena D. Manaog

Ma. Lota C. Monte
Freddierick C. Apuli
Jade Alberto

LAYOUT ARTISTS: Jay Mark Base

Jonathan Roda
Jessica De Ocampo
“Explain oxidation/reduction reactions.”
STEM_BIO11/12-li-j-18

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OXIDATION-REDUCTION (REDOX) REACTION

Life can be viewed as a constant flow of

energy, channeled by organisms to do the work
of living. Each of the significant properties by
which we define life—order, growth,
reproduction, responsiveness, and internal
regulation—requires a constant supply of energy.
So, how do life harvest these energies? Through
chemical reactions! Living cell is a chemical
factory in a miniature. There are lots of reaction
that occurs within the microscopic space of the
cell. For example, the process of converting food
to nutrients that is needed by the body. During a
chemical reaction, the energy stored in chemical
bonds from a reaction, may be used to make new
bonds for another, and vice versa.
In this module, we will recall your
chemistry class about Oxidation-Reduction
reactions. We will explore more about it and
relate these terms in biological processes. So, if
you are still up for it, stay tuned!

OBJECTIVES:
In this module, you will be able to learn about:
✓ Classify reducing agent and oxidizing agent.
✓ Explain Redox Reaction.

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✔Multiple Choice

Directions: Choose the best answer.

1. Ascorbic acid (C6H8O6) is a common antioxidant that protects our bodies against
radicals. In the redox equation below that occurs in our stomach, which of the
following pairs identifies the reducing and oxidizing agents, respectively?

c.
a.
d.
b.
2. Recognizing how oxidation and reduction occurs is essential for analyzing and
understanding biochemical reactions. Which of the following methods would
NOT be employed in transferring electrons in biochemical reactions?
a. Directly as electron
b. Through adding organic compounds in the reaction
c. Through direct combination with oxygen
d. Hydride Ions (H2)
3. Which are the products from this reaction?

a. HCN, CuSO4 c. CuSCN, KIO3, HCl

b. ICl, H2O, KCl d. Both A & B
4. An oxidizing agent will always ___________.
a. Be reduced c. Increase in oxidation number
b. Lose electron d. Increase in mass
5. Oxidation-reduction reactions occurs because of the competitions between
particles for _______________.
a. Electrons c. Protons
b. Neutrons d. Positions

How did you find the pre-test?

Please check your answers at the answer key section

and see how you fared. Do not worry if you got a low
score, this just means that there are still more things
to learn in this module.

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 Enzymes do speeds up chemical reaction. But
primarily what acts upon the reaction to form
products. What are needed for the reaction to take
place?
Below are series of enzymatic reaction
(metabolic pathway), analyze and answer the
questions that follow.

1. Explain what is happening in the illustration.

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
2. List at least 3 distinct events that is in the illustration?
a. ___________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________
3. What is the importance of this pathway? What is its regulatory effect?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
______________________________

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 You have learned, in your previous lesson that chemical reaction occurs when
the bonds between atoms are formed or broken. Reactants undergo changes
to form products.
Life is built on those chemical reactions. We can picture a cells chemical
reaction through metabolism, the totality of organism’s chemical reaction, in
which substances undergo intersecting metabolic pathways. Of course, each
step of the partway is catalyzed by an specific enzyme. In some of these
conversions, electrons pass from one atom or molecule to another.
Before anything else and dig in the details of these reactions. Below is a cross
word puzzle, fill in the boxes the terms described by the provided clues.

Remember these terms, you will encounter these terms as you go through this module.

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 For you to be refreshed with the chemical
reactions, let us go back to your chemistry
lessons. Below are examples of chemical
reaction, you must balance the equation and
identify the reactants and the products.

LET’S DO THIS!

1. C2H2 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

Balanced Equation: _________________
Reactants: ________________________
Products: _________________________

2. C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

Balanced Equation: _________________
Reactants: ________________________
Products: _________________________

3. CH4 + Cl2 → CCl4 + HCl

Balanced Equation: _________________
Yes, you are right!
Reactants: ________________________
Products: _________________________
To balance chemical
equation, you just have to
count the number of atoms, it 4. CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2
follows the law of Balanced Equation: _________________
conservation of mass. In each Reactants: ________________________
equation, the reactants are on Products: _________________________
the left side and the products
is on the right side. 5. H2O → H2 + O2
Remember the given Balanced Equation: _________________
equations, we will use it later Reactants: ________________________
as we dig deeper in studying Products: _________________________
RedOx Reactions.

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 Oxidation-Reduction Reaction (REDOX)

Oxidation and reduction always take place together, because

every electron that is lost by one atom through oxidation is gained by
another atom through reduction. Therefore, chemical reactions of this sort
are called oxidation –reduction, or redox, reactions. Redox reactions
describe all chemical reactions in which there is a net change in atomic
charge. Oxidation– reduction reactions play a key role in the flow of energy
through biological systems.
The key idea is the net movement of electrons from one reactant
to the other.
Terms to remember:
• Oxidation is the loss of electrons, the name
comes from the fact that oxygen is the most common electron
acceptor in biological systems (oxidized)
• Reduction is the gain of electrons (reduced)
• Oxidizing agent is the species doing the oxidizing, substance that
gains electrons (electron recipient)
• Reducing agent is the species doing the reducing and losses
electrons (donates electron)
• Oxidation number is defined as the charge the atom would have
if electrons were not shared but were transferred completely

Example: H2+F2 → 2HF

Oxidation (electron loss by H2)
H2 → 2H+ + 2e-

Reduction (electron gain by F2)

F2+ 2e- → 2F-
H2 F2
- Oxidized - Reduced
- Reducing - Oxidizing
agent agent

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 Try This!

Identify the species being oxidized and reduced in each of the following
reactions:

1. Cr+ + Sn4+ → Cr3+ + Sn2+ 6. CH4 + Cl2 → CCl4 + HCl

Balanced Equation:
Oxidized: _______________
_______________________
Reduced: _______________
Oxidizing Agent: _______________
2. 3 Hg2+ + 2 Fe(s)→3 Hg2 + 2 Fe3+
Reducing Agent: _______________
Oxidized: _______________
Reduced: _______________ 7. CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2
Balanced Equation:
3. 2 As (s) + 3 Cl2 (g) →2 AsCl3
_______________________
Oxidized: _______________
Oxidizing Agent: _______________
Reduced: _______________
Reducing Agent: _______________
4. C2H2 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
8. H2 + O2 → H2O
Balanced Equation: Balanced Equation:
_______________________ _______________________
Oxidized: _______________ Oxidizing Agent: _______________
Reduced: _______________ Reducing Agent: _______________
5. C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O 9. Cu + 4HNO3→Cu(NO3)2+ 2NO2+ 2H2O
Balanced Equation: Oxidizing Agent: _______________
_______________________ Reducing Agent: _______________
Oxidized: _______________ 10. PbS(s) + O2(g) →PbO(s) + SO2(g)
Reduced: _______________ Oxidizing Agent: _______________
Reducing Agent: _______________

“OIL RIG" — oxidation is loss of electrons; reduction is gain of electrons.

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 To strengthen what you have learned in
this module, perform the following
additional tasks.

For each reaction below, identify the atom oxidized, the atom
reduced, the oxidizing agent, and the reducing agent.
1. Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2

2. 2Fe + 3V2O3 → Fe2O3 + 6VO

3. 2KMnO4 + 5KNO2 + 3H2SO4 → 2MnSO4 + 3H2O + 5KNO3 + K2SO4

4. K2Cr2O7 + 3SnCl2 + 14HCl → 2CrCl3 + 3SnCl4 + 2KCl + 7H2O

5. 2K2Cr2O7 + 2H2O + 3S → 3SO2 + 4KOH + 2Cr2O3

REFLECTION
Congratulations in finishing the module. You just had an amazing learning
journey! For sure, you will also enjoy the succeeding modules.
For the last time, share your final insight by completing the following
sentence prompts.

I have learned that________________________________________________

I wish to ask my teacher about ______________________________________

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 You may refer to the following vocabulary words used in this module:

Redox reactions - describe all chemical reactions in which there is a net change in
atomic charge.
Oxidation - is the loss of electrons, the name comes from the fact that oxygen is the
most common electron acceptor in biological systems (oxidized)
Reduction - is the gain of electrons (reduced)
Oxidizing agent - is the species doing the oxidizing, substance that gains electrons
(electron recipient)
Reducing agent - is the species doing the reducing and losses electrons (donates
electron)
Oxidation number/ Oxidation state - is defined as the charge the atom would have
if electrons were not shared but were transferred completely.
Electron – negatively charge particle
Reactant – substance consumed and change during chemical reaction
Product – substance formed as a result of chemical reaction

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DIRECTIONS:
Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. MnO4- + HSO3- → MnO42- + SO42-
For the above reaction, the oxidizing agent is _____ and the reducing agent is
_____.
a. HSO3-, MnO4- c. OH-, HSO3-
b. MnO4-, OH- d. MnO4-, HSO3-

For Nos. 2-4: refer to the chemical equation below

Fe2O3 + 3CO = 2Fe + 3CO2

2. The oxidizing agent in the given reaction is:

a. CO2 c. Fe2O3
b. CO d. Fe
3. What species is being reduced?
a. Fe2O3 c. Fe
b. CO d. CO2
4. What is the reducing agent?
a. Fe2O3 c. Fe
b. CO d. CO2

State of the change represents oxidation, reduction or neither.

5. MnO2 --------> Mn2O3

6. NH3 --------> NO2
7. HClO4 -------> HCl + H2O
8. O2 --------> O2-
9. P2O5 --------> P4H10
10. Zn --------> ZnCl2

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 1. A
2. B
3. D
4. B
5. A

Learning Activities Answer Keys

ELICIT

4. Explain what is happening in the illustration.

It is a Metabolic pathway, a series of reactions catalyzed by multiple
enzyme.
5. List at least 3 distinct events that is in the illustration? (Answers may
vary but may include the following)
a. Feedback inhibition, whereas the end product inhibits an
upstream process
b. The product created in enzyme one is the reactant needed by
the enzyme 2 and so on
c. Induced fit
d. 3 enzymes in action
6. What is the importance of this pathway? What is its regulatory effect?
It perform metabolism, make products that are needed by the
cell/organism. Enzyme action must be regulated to conserve
resources and respond optimally to the environment.

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ENGAGE

1. C2H2 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

EXPLORE Balanced Equation: _________________
Reactants: ________________________
Products: _________________________

2. C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

Balanced Equation: _________________
Reactants: ________________________
Products: _________________________

3. CH4 + Cl2 → CCl4 + HCl

Balanced Equation: _________________
Reactants: ________________________
Products: _________________________

4. CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2

Balanced Equation: _________________
Reactants: ________________________
Products: _________________________

5. H2O → H2 + O2
Balanced Equation: _________________
Reactants: ________________________
Products: _________________________

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ELABORATE

b1. Cr + Sn4 → Cr + Sn
+ + 3+ 2+

Oxidized: _______________
Reduced: _______________
2. 3 Hg2+ + 2 Fe(s)→3 Hg2 + 2 Fe3+
Oxidized: _______________
Reduced: _______________

3. 2 As (s) + 3 Cl2 (g) →2 AsCl3

Oxidized: _______________
Reduced: _______________
4. C2H2 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
Balanced Equation:
_______________________
Oxidized: _______________
Reduced: _______________
5. C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
Balanced Equation:
_______________________
Oxidized: _______________
Reduced: _______________

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6. CH4 + Cl2 → CCl4 + HCl
Balanced Equation:
_______________________
Oxidizing Agent: _______________
Reducing Agent: _______________

7. CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2

Balanced Equation:
_______________________
Oxidizing Agent: _______________
Reducing Agent: _______________

8. H2 + O2 → H2O
Balanced Equation:
_______________________
Oxidizing Agent: _______________
Reducing Agent: _______________

9. Cu + 4HNO3→Cu(NO3)2+ 2NO2+ 2H2O

Oxidizing Agent: _______________
Reducing Agent: _______________
10. PbS(s) + O2(g) →PbO(s) + SO2(g)
Oxidizing Agent: _______________
Reducing Agent: _______________

1. D
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. REDUCTION
6. OXIDATION
7. REDUCTION
8. REDUCTION
9. REDUCTION
10. REDUCTION

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PHOTOS:
Chemistry anime girl. Retrieve from,
https://images.app.goo.gl/hysMYgAPMH7Lp1Yu7
Reactions. Retrieved from, https://images.app.goo.gl/weUPyL6eMpoWqe787
Lab Clipart. Retrieved from, https://images.app.goo.gl/B2x3D2eeKea3Bjyb7
Metabolic pathway. Retrieved from, https://opentextbc.ca/biology/wp-
content/uploads/sites/96/2015/02/Figure_04_01_10.jpg

Books:
Commission on Higher Education, (2016). Teaching Guide for Senior High School,
GENERAL BIOLOGY 1

Losos, Jonathan B., Kenneth A. Mason, Susan R. Singer, Peter H. Raven, and
George B. Johnson. Biology. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2011.

Silberberg, Martin. Chemistry The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change. New
York: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math, 2008.

PDF
https://mrmiller-
science.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/6/4/18642588/balancing_redox_worksheet_1.pdf
https://www.westminsterpublicschools.org/cms/lib/CO01001133/Centricity/Domain/
398/RedOx%20Reaction%20Practice.pdf
https://www.strongnet.org/cms/lib6/oh01000884/centricity/domain/213/biotech/2nd
%20quarter%20stuff/oxidation%20reduction%20reactions%20packets.doc
https://web.iit.edu/sites/web/files/departments/academic-affairs/academic-resource-
center/pdfs/RedOx_Rxns.pdf

Internet:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-wmopen-biology1/chapter/redox-reactions/
https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/4-1-energy-and-metabolism/

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