Design of Automatic Seed Sowing Machine
Design of Automatic Seed Sowing Machine
Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Design of Automatic Seed Sowing Machine
Avinash S. Welankiwar1; Aniket Indurkar2; Aryans Dhanvijay3; Himanshu Meshram4; Maheshwar Dharpure5;
Rushabh Bankar6; Sanket Khobragade7
1,2,3,4,5,6,7
Department of Electrical Engineering, G.H, Raisoni College of Engineering & Management Nagpur.
Under the Guidance of
Avinash S. Welankiwar
Department of Electrical Engineering,
G H Raisoni College of Engineering & Management Nagpur.
G.H, Raisoni College of Engineering & Management
Shradha Park,B-37/39, Hingna Rd. MIDC, Nagpur-440016
Abstract:- This paper presents the development of an mechanism will decrease labor costs, thereby allowing
automated seed-sowing machine aimed at improving the more effective efficiency in agricultural practice. It gives a
precision and efficiency of agricultural planting sustainable and cost-effective alternative against the normal
practices. The machine utilizes a microcontroller to ways of Conducting agriculture. It underlines the
control movement and seed dispensing, allowing for development of robotics in agriculture about precision, eco-
programmed, looped operations. Key components friendliness, and adaptability to field conditions [2].
include high-torque DC motors, a seed dispenser, and
an RTC module for precise timing. The system enables Agricultural robot that is to be designed to make the
consistent seed spacing and reliable field coverage with process of seed sowing and fertilizer spraying easy and
minimal human oversight. Through extensive testing, efficient without hampering the normal working schedule
adjustments were made to optimize seed-drop intervals as India always faces labor problems and among such
and turning functions, ensuring adaptability across robots, this one is unique as it is handy, operated by a
various soil types. This automated solution offers a low- Bluetooth-based Android application, thus freely permitted
cost, user-friendly approach to modern agriculture, to operate in narrow crop rows or spray at variable heights,
meeting the growing demands. The project aims to unlike similar systems that either depend on manual or
contribute to adopting scalable automation in tractor-based methods taking lengthy hours or are somehow
agriculture, promoting efficient resource use, and expensive or even taxing to the environment. The robot,
supporting small-scale farmers. powered by solar energy, provides an ecologically friendly
and affordable alternative that brings advanced farming
Keywords:- Automated Seed-Sowing, Agriculture Planting, technology to the small-scale farmer [3].
Accurate Seed Placement, Crop Yield, Sustainable
Farming. As one of the most important process with seriousness
and labor-intensive nature. This introduction outlines the
I. INTRODUCTION design and construction of a semi-automatic robot,
representing a significant advancement toward the
There has recently been a steady trend in agriculture automation of seed sowing and thereby reducing human
towards automation due to labor shortages, increases in labor. It has four DC gear motors for movement and its
demand for agriculture in India and greater role of front has a mechanism that slots soil, seed-dispensing
automation in making farming both more productive and system, and a mechanism that places soil on top of the seed
precise. The presented machine is an economically viable once it has been planted. It tries to create an electro-
replacement compared to the traditional methods based on mechanical system which could be efficient without being
dependability, ease of use, and adaptability towards too expensive to produce, where productivity can be made
numerous seed types. The technical document further more potent with lower labor costs to farmers [4].
includes other information on the methodology of the
machine, component design, and field testing outcomes, That automation in agriculture has been produced as
which further clarify its potential as a practical solution that the only solution to deal with manpower shortage issues
can improve the efficiency of sowing [1]. and increase efficiency in the event of a shortage of
manpower. Laborious seeding process is expensive in terms
The authors present their design in which they of time, labor, and so on. The present paper introduces an
integrate a multifunctional robot capable of automating automatic seed sowing machine with a minimum level of
seed sowing that is of a row type. Equipped with a four- human intervention while producing maximum yields. The
wheel mobile platform, digging and seed dropping machine uses an automatic seed planter equipped with a
mechanisms, and an irrigation system, this robot can DC motor. The spacing in the seeds is adjustable, and it
perform automatically or under a remote control by an also makes use of microcontrollers. Additionally, it has the
android app that can offer real-time monitoring. This
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Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
ability to use Bluetooth for remote directional control, present a project that leverages Bluetooth technology for
which makes it adaptable to the various field conditions [5]. communication between a Bluetooth module and an
Arduino system. This communication controls motor
II. LITERATURE REVIEW drivers, ensuring precise motion control of the robot. The
system aims to enhance the efficiency of planting
Aniruddha D Dharmadhikari, Surajmal Sharma, processes, making it a promising tool for increasing
Makarand Baviskar, Shantanu Kakad, and Manish agricultural productivity.
Chandekar in [1] propose an alternative to traditional
tractors commonly used in agriculture, addressing specific Bhushan Deshmukh and Durgesh Verma in [5] Focus
challenges faced by small-scale farmers. While tractors are on improving the seed dispensing process by eliminating
effective for large-scale farming, they often require skilled seed blockages during dispensing through the use of water
operators, which increases labor costs, and can be difficult pressure. The project consists of two main mechanisms: the
to maneuver in smaller fields, reducing efficienc. first mechanism involves the assembly of the vehicle and
its motion control, while the second mechanism is designed
Cihan Yurtsever, Yasin Ertas, Oben Sustam, and Cenk to prepare a seedbed on plowed land.
Ulu in [2] developed an agricultural romachine that
integrates several subsystems to perform row-type seed Ms. Trupti Shinde, and Dr. Jayashree Awati in [6]
sowing. The r is equipped with a four-wheel drive and Focus on improving the seed-sowing process to overcome
mechanisms for digging, seed dropping, and irrigation, the limitations of traditional sowing methods. The project
providing a comprehensive solution for automated planting. introduces a cost-effective machine designed for use by
unskilled farmers, making it accessible to a wider audience.
Megha Kotur, Rutuja Huddar, Veena Bhagoji, Kumar
Nayak, Sanjay Ankali in [3] Address the inefficiencies of Ratnesh Kumar, Aadhar Govil, Parth Daga, Shubh
manual spraying in agriculture, which is often time- Goel, and Saurabh Dewangan, in [7] provide a
consuming and labor-intensive. They propose a robotic comprehensive review of automatic seed-sowing machines.
system capable of performing tasks such as seed sowing The paper discusses various designs and technologies
and fertilizer spraying, aimed at improving efficiency and aimed at automating the seed-sowing process to improve
reducing direct human contact with potentially harmful efficiency in agriculture. By highlighting the advantages of
chemicals. mechanization, such as reduced labor costs, increased
sowing speed, and enhanced precision, the review
Mosam K. Sangole, Dipak P. Patil, Ketan A. underscores the importance of developing cost-effective
Dhamane, Rohit K. Jathar, and Rushikesh S. Kardile in [4] and efficient machines for the agricultural sector.
III. 3-D CAD MODEL
Fig 1: CAD Model
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Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
The chassis model created using Fusion 360 captures design has structural strength as a priority and follows key
the detail nature of the structure; it contains views from the Engineering principles for automotive use. This means that
front, side, top, and 3D perspective, making it totally useful as a result of utilizing Fusion 360, I could make an almost
in understanding its design. Such views help you visualize perfect and correct mode as shown in fig. no.1.
the shape, dimensions, and features on the chassis. The
Table 1: Specifications
Sr. Position
Components Dimension Remark
No. (Chassis)
1. Motor Mount Area Length: 5 Width: 5 (Each Side) For High Torque DC Motor
Width: 5.5
2. Wheel Clearance Length: 10 Adequate Space for wheel Mounting
(Each Side)
3. Battery Compartment Length: 13 Width: 7 Placed on rear side for the balanced weight
4. Control Board Area Length: 10 Width: 8 For Ardunio Nano expansion on board
Width: 2.5
5. Plough Mechanism Length: 12.5 To prepare the soil before dropping the seeds
(with Sharp Tip)
On the top side of the machine which used for
6. Motor Driver Space Length: 3.5 Width: 13
the moment control of the machine.
RTC and Display
7. Length: 10 Width: 8 Near control board for easy access.
Area
IV. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
Fig 2: Circuit Diagram of Automatic Seed Sowing Machine
The Automated Seed Sowing Machine circuit Key digital pins (3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11) on the arduino
integrates an Arduino Nano mounted on an expansion nano are designated to communicate with the motor drivers.
board to provide additional pins and simplify wiring, the motor driver, the motor driver which we have used here
forming the control hub of the system. Powered through the L298N, serves as an interface between the arduino and the
Vin and GND pins, which connect to a rechargeable high-torque dc motors. by modulating the voltage out from
battery, the Nano supplies voltage to all other components their terminals, the motor drivers control the movement of
and is programmed with code that governs the machine’s these motors as they have pins IN1, IN2, IN3, and IN4
movements, seed dispensing, and timing. As show in the which are decicated for the motor direction allowing the
above figure no.2. machine to move forward, stop, and turn as required. the
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Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
arduino sends directional commands to the motors based on allowing the GND and VCC pins to be shared with the
the timing logic specified in the code, enabling autonomous RTC module. The LCD's operational messages, such as
navigation through the field. instructions for setting parameters, errors, and progress
updates, make the machine’s processes visible to the user.
Motor Driver 1-
This driver is used here for the vibration motor, thus The seed-dispensing mechanism involves a vibrator
the PWM signals generated by the Arduino Nano are given motor. The vibration motor works when there is a need for
to the motor driver, and the OUTPUT PINS, OUT1, and dispensing a seed at a particular point. The signal to the
OUT2 of the motor drivers are connected tobthe vibration driver for the vibration motor gets PWM pulses from a
motor. The supply voltage of 5V from the expansion microcontroller (ARDUINO NANO). Each component in
board's Vin pin is given to the motor drive and the GND is the circuit works in a coordinated manner under the control
connected to the expansion board's GND. of the Arduino Nano, resulting in an automated seed-
sowing machine that can precisely and efficiently plant
Motor Driver 2- seeds across a field
This driver is used here for propelling the wheels of
the left side of the machine, thus the PWM signals are V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
generated at a time for rotating the left side wheels, the
OUT1 and OUT2 are connected to LM1 on the other hand
OUT3 and OUT4 are connected to LM2. IN1 and IN2 pins
control the spinning direction of the motor. IN1 is
connected to pin number 6 and IN2 is connected to pin
number 9 of Arduino. The supply Voltage of 12V is
provided by a battery.
Motor Driver 3-
This driver is used here for propelling the wheels of
the Right side of the machine, thus the PWM signals
generated at the time for rotating the Right-side wheels, the
OUT1 and OUT2 are connected to RM1 on the other hand
OUT3 and OUT4 are connected to RM2. IN1 and IN2 pins
control the spinning direction of the motor. IN1 is Fig 3: Final Modal of Automatic Seed Sowing Machine
connected to pin number 5 and IN2 is connected to pin
number 3 of Arduino. The supply Voltage of 12V is We successfully developed a seed sowing robot aimed
provided by a battery. at automating and enhancing the efficiency of agricultural
sowing processes. The primary objective was to design a
An essential aspect of the machine’s operation is its robot capable of autonomously planting seeds in a precise
ability to dispense seeds at specific intervals based on a and uniform pattern, thereby reducing manual labor and
time-and-distance approach. For this purpose, an RTC optimizing crop yields. Our design incorporated a
(Real-Time Clock) module is connected to the Arduino’s programmable microcontroller, which controlled the
SDA (A1) and SCL (A2) pins, allowing it to keep accurate navigation and sowing mechanisms in show in figure. No.
track of time. The RTC helps control intervals for 3.
movement and seed release, ensuring that the seeds are
spaced correctly as the machine advances. To provide user The table below presents the parameters of test
feedback on the machine’s current status, an LCD is expected results, theoretical basis, and performance
incorporated, Connected via an I2C module. The I2C benchmark developed for the assessment of the accuracy of
module reduces the connection requirement from 16 pins to spacing, adjustment depth, and reliable operation of the
4, optimizing space and allowing the Arduino's SDA and Automated Seed Sowing Machine.
SCL pins to be connected with the I2C module, and
Table 2: Result & Conclusion
Sr. No. Parameter Observed Results
The battery has 12V output and 2A capacity, also battery consistently lasts for
1. Battery Backup.
approximately 3 hours on a full charge under continuous use.
The machine features switches for controlling the distance between seeds,
Seed Sowing Depth and
2. enhancing precision in planting, The least setting for distance control on the
Distance Control.
seed sowing machine is 5 cm to maintain adequate and sufficient span.
The system allowed variation in sowing depth as the lever is adjustable so can
be adjusted depth to 12 cm depending on soil type. also, The plough mechanism
3. Plough Mechanism
penetrates the soil deeply enough for seed placement which is crucial for
ensuring that seeds are adequately buried
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Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
This prototype of the Automated Seed Sowing REFERENCES
Machine was developed and tested to throw light on several
design decisions, functionality, and potential enhancements [1]. Aniruddha D Dharmadhikari, Surajmal Sharma,
for small-scale farming. An embedded system was chosen Makarand Baviskar, Shantanu Kakad, and Manish
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VI. CONCLUSION Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research
Technology, January 2018
Automated Seed Sowing Machine brings a useful and [6]. Ms. Trupti Shinde, Dr. Jayashree Awati, “Design
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eliminates labor and provides precise seed placement. The machine” A Review. SSRG International Journal of
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application will make it a more useful tool in sustainable
farming practices.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We are extremely thankful to our guide Mr. Avinash
Welankiwar under whom our project took the shape of
reality from mere idea. We are thankful to our guide for
enlightening us with his/her precious guidance and constant
encouragement. We thank our guide for providing us with
ample support and valuable time. We are indebted to our
guide who constantly provided a stimulus to reach our
goals.
We are grateful to Dr. Bhupendra Kumar, HOD,
Electrical Engineering, GHRCEMN, for kind his co-
operation and timely help.
